The Quality Display of Visual and Graphic Information MAY 2003 Barbara Felver Financial Communications Manager DSHS Financial Services Administration The

The Quality Display of Visual and Graphic Information

MAY 2003

Barbara Felver

Financial Communications ManagerDSHS Financial Services Administration

The Quality Display of Visual and Graphic Information

MAY 2003

Barbara Felver

Financial Communications ManagerDSHS Financial Services Administration

We Used to Write These Big Huge Reports, Now We “Show” Information

We wrote these reports from beginning to end:

INTRO (Statement of problem)

BODY (Discussion)• Develop problem• Provide evidence

SUMMARY (Conclusions)

RECOMMENDATIONS (Next steps)

We Used to Write These Big Huge Reports, Now We “Show” Information

We wrote these reports from beginning to end:

INTRO (Statement of problem)

BODY (Discussion)• Develop problem• Provide evidence

SUMMARY (Conclusions)

RECOMMENDATIONS (Next steps)

Communicators Found They Were More Successful Using Pictures

We began to organized our papers “backwards”:

CONCLUSION • What we know, key points

EVIDENCE• Data, findings

Communicators Found They Were More Successful Using Pictures

We began to organized our papers “backwards”:

CONCLUSION • What we know, key points

EVIDENCE• Data, findings

Enter the need for GOOD GRAPHICS. . .Enter the need for GOOD GRAPHICS. . .

Effective Graphics

• Are readily understood by the reader

• Are relevant to the world we live in

• Are timely

• Are formatted with a sense of balance, proportion, and clarity of design

• Have integrity (data/analysis)

• And they answer some very predictable, fundamental questions

Effective Graphics

• Are readily understood by the reader

• Are relevant to the world we live in

• Are timely

• Are formatted with a sense of balance, proportion, and clarity of design

• Have integrity (data/analysis)

• And they answer some very predictable, fundamental questions

The Questions Are:The Questions Are:

1. What compared to what?

2. What does the universe look like?

3. What does a piece of the universe look like?

4. What does it look like in space or time?

5. How does the world work?

1. What compared to what?

2. What does the universe look like?

3. What does a piece of the universe look like?

4. What does it look like in space or time?

5. How does the world work?

What Compared to What?• Trendlines — “Before and after” or forecasting data


Population Growth by Age GroupPopulation Growth by Age Group

-3-3

-2-2

-1-1

00

11

22

33

44

19751975 19801980 19851985 19901990 19951995 20002000 20052005 20102010 20152015 20202020

Perc

ent C

hang

ePe

rcen

t Cha

nge

Total Population

Total Population

Ages 5-17Ages 5-17

Growth in the school age population is outpacing the total

Growth in the school age population is outpacing the total

ForecastForecast

OFFICE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT JULY 1997OFFICE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT JULY 1997


-3-3

-2-2

-1-1

00

11

22

33

44

19751975 19801980 19851985 19901990 19951995 20002000 20052005 20102010 20152015 20202020

ForecastForecast

Total Population

Total Population

But growth is expected to slow in future years But growth is expected to slow in future years

Perc

ent C

hang

ePe

rcen

t Cha

nge



-4-4

-2-2

00

22

44

66

88

1010

19751975 19801980 19851985 19901990 19951995 20002000 20052005 20102010 20152015 20202020

Perc

ent C

hang

ePe

rcen

t Cha

nge

ForecastForecast

Age 65+Age 65+

The retired population will grow faster after 2003

The retired population will grow faster after 2003



-4-4

-2-2

0000

22

44

66

88

1010

19751975 19801980 19851985 19901990 19951995 20002000 20052005 20102010 20152015 20202020

Perc

ent C

hang

ePe

rcen

t Cha

nge

Age 65+Age 65+Age 85+Age 85+

ForecastForecast

The very elderly will continue to grow faster than the total.

The very elderly will continue to grow faster than the total.



• Bar charts — One item measured against another


• Bar charts — One item measured against another



Washington’s 23¢ Gas Tax is Average for the Nation and Below Most States in the Region

Includes All State and Local Taxes

Washington’s 23¢ Gas Tax is Average for the Nation and Below Most States in the Region

Includes All State and Local Taxes

0000

5555

10101010

15151515

20202020

25252525

30303030

35353535

40404040

Cent

s pe

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lon

Cent

s pe

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lon

Illino

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waii

Conn

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New

York

Rhod

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Mon

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Ore

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Califo

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Penn

sylva

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Wisc

onsin

Idah

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North

Dak

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Colo

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Min

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taO

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Miss

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Iowa

Mas

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New

Mex

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Alab

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Dist

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Arizo

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Virg

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Miss

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Okla

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National Average = 23¢National Average = 23¢

SOURCE: Washington State Department of TransportationSOURCE: Washington State Department of Transportation

Statewide Planning Saving Lives: Trauma CareStatewide Planning Saving Lives: Trauma Care

19983 lives above the national average

19902 lives below the national average

19902 lives below the national average

A turnaround of 5 lives per 100

trauma patients with penetrating

injuries

A turnaround of 5 lives per 100

trauma patients with penetrating

injuries

National AverageNational Average

State Gas Tax vs. InflationState Gas Tax vs. Inflation

55

1010

1515

2020

2525

3030

3535

4040

4545

5050

Cent

s pe

r Gal

lon

Cent

s pe

r Gal

lon

19691969 19711971 19731973 19751975 19771977 19791979 19811981 19831983 19851985 19871987 19891989 19911991 19931993 19951995 19971997 19991999 20012001 20032003 2005200500

Inflation-Adjusted Gas TaxInflation-Adjusted Gas Tax

SOURCE: Washington State Department of Transportation*Based on Implicit Price Deflator (IPD).SOURCE: Washington State Department of Transportation*Based on Implicit Price Deflator (IPD).

9¢11¢ 12¢

13.5¢

23¢

22¢

18¢16¢

Actual Gas Tax

The tax would now be 36¢ (1997) if it had kept up with inflation*

The tax would now be 36¢ (1997) if it had kept up with inflation*

Purchasing PowerPurchasing Power

9¢9¢

5.8¢5.8¢

Increasing Faster than Other Areas of the State BudgetThe Rising

Cost of Medical

The Rising Cost of

Medical

Percent Change from 1989-91ALL FUNDS

Excludes ProShare

SOURCE: Legislative Evaluation and Program Committee (LEAP), ProShare calculation from DSHS Budget Division. Medical costs include the Washington State Health Care Authority and DSHS Medical Assistance payments.

Health Care

Rest of Budget

Rest of Budget

Rest of Budget

Rest of Budget

Rest of Budget

109%from 1989-91

151%from 1989-91

198%from 1989-91

275%from 1989-91

327%from 1989-91

20% 31%

44% 58%

76% 89%

1991-93 1993-95 1995-97 1997-99 1999-01 2001-03

Health Care

Health Care

Health Care

Health Care

Health Care

The Rest

55%from 1989-91

What Does the Universe Look Like?• Pies — The whole and the pieces



1997-99 General Fund-State Budget TOTAL = $19,084 Million

1997-99 General Fund-State Budget TOTAL = $19,084 Million

General GovernmentGeneral Government

DOC (Prison Population)DOC (Prison Population)

Debt Service & Retirement ContributionsDebt Service & Retirement Contributions

K-12 Basic

Education 44%

DSHS 20%

6% 4%

Higher Education

12%

DSHS 6%

Other 8%

Entitlements and Other Mandatory Programs

Total = 74%

Entitlements and Other Mandatory Programs

Total = 74%

Discretionary Programs Total = 26%

Discretionary Programs Total = 26%

Major Components of Change Between 1997-99 Appropriations and Estimated 1999-01 Maintenance Level*

Total Change = $1.1 Billion

Major Components of Change Between 1997-99 Appropriations and Estimated 1999-01 Maintenance Level*

Total Change = $1.1 Billion

*Current estimate as of November 12, 1998. Does not include salary or vendor increase; pension savings are prorated to applicable programs.** Includes DSHS Medical Assistance, DSHS Long Term Care, K-12/Employee Health Benefits.

2

Bond Debt $125 Million 12%

Other DSHS $132 Million 12%

Corrections Population, Related Costs $129 Million 12%

K-12 Enrollment, Related Costs $80 Million 7%

HiEd Enrollment/Technology, Etc. $48 Million 5%

Major Health Programs** $569 Million 52%

Includes:

• K-12/State Employee Health Benefits $258 Million• DSHS Long Term Care $58 Million• DSHS Medical Assistance $253 Million

LEOFF Pension, Other $2 Million 0%LEOFF Pension, Other $2 Million 0%


• Images — One out of how many?





Safer CommunitiesSafer Communities

Four out of five felons currently reside in the communityFour out of five felons currently reside in the community

Click to edit Master title styleClick to edit Master title styleNever Smoked = 49% of adultsNever Smoked = 49% of adults Former smokers = 27%Former smokers = 27% Still smoking = 24%Still smoking = 24%

Half of Washington’s Adults Are Either Current or Former SmokersHalf of Washington’s Adults Are Either Current or Former Smokers





What Does a Piece of the Universe Look Like?• Linked pies — A piece of the whole

What Does a Piece of the Universe Look Like?• Linked pies — A piece of the whole

Criminal History of Adults Convicted of Felony Sex Crimes

Criminal History of Adults Convicted of Felony Sex Crimes

N=1,240N=1,240

SOURCE: Washington State Sentencing Guidelines Commission, May 1994SOURCE: Washington State Sentencing Guidelines Commission, May 1994

Violent Offense(s)19%

Non-Violent Offense(s)34%

Sex Offense(s)47%

Yes29%

No71%

Criminal history?Criminal history?

Type of history:Type of history:

What Does It Look Like in Space or Time?• Space — Maps (relationships)


State Highway CongestionState Highway Congestion

State HighwayState HighwayCongested, 1997Congested, 1997Expected, 2017Expected, 2017

Represents 3 to 5-hour peak congestion times.Represents 3 to 5-hour peak congestion times.

Click to edit Master title styleClick to edit Master title style

Tobacco Rates Vary Across Our State, but Three Counties are of Particular ConcernTobacco Rates Vary Across Our State, but Three Counties are of Particular Concern

Pacific, Grays Harbor, and Lewis counties lead in: • Maternal smoking • Lung cancer deaths• Adult smoking• Tobacco sales to minors

Pacific Lewis

Grays Harbor

Financial Services 360.902.8255 September 2002

Progressive – At the forefront of health care reform

A Bellwether State PART 1

Washington

250% Federal Poverty

200%

100%100%

Full Adult DentalPartialNone

Full Adult DentalPartialNone

Comprehensive – At the top end of the benefit scale Providing medical for 2 in 5 children

One of 15 states with full dental benefits for adults

Reaching 250 percent of the poverty level for children


• Time — Timelines





Project TimelineProject Timeline

July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May JuneJuly Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June

FY 02FY 02 FY 03FY 032001-03 BIENNIUM2001-03 BIENNIUM

July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May JuneJuly Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June

FY 04FY 04 FY 05FY 052003-05 BIENNIUM2003-05 BIENNIUM

Building ConstructionBuilding Construction

Building OccupiedBuilding Occupied

Permitting & Site Planning CompletePermitting & Site

Planning CompleteLeases Expire• Firgrove Bldg 8• Target

Lease Expires• Firgrove Bldg 9

Leases Expire• Airdustrial

Building DemolitionBuilding Demolition

Lease Expires• Eastside Plaza

(Quince St. Buildings)

Lease Expires• Eastside St. Building

(Old Revenue Buillding)



How Does the World Work?• Flow charts — Work study analysis



How Does the World Work?• Flow charts — Work study analysis





IS Budget Process, Production Cycle

11/11/97

BUDGET DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

PRODUCTION CYCLE

IS provides system support for narrative, numbers, and

budget lockdown

NICK P, DANNY W

• Begins in September in Off Years (with Supplemental Instructions)

• Begins in May in Big Budget Year (with release of Budget Instructions)

SYSTEMS Supplemental:• WinSum• BuildSum• RevSum• Budget DetailBig Budget Year:• HistSum• Performance Measure

Tracking System

Budget analysts enter numbers

Budget analysts enter numbers

LAURIE L (Oversight) IN ADVANCEIS Staff:• Space on DIS web server is verified• Electronic Table of Contents is built• Governor’s homepage is updated• OFM homepage is preparedCommunications Office:• Printing cycle is established with Printer• Cost estimates are obtained• Paperwork is prepared (sent in advance)• Covers are prepared (printed in advance)

Systems are run, paper document is generated

JULIE W

IN ADVANCEBudget Division:• Intro for Supplemental is writtenCommunications Office:• Financial charts are prepared• Writes, edits Budget Highlights, other text

WHEN PAPER VERSION IS READYIS and Budget Staff:• Add headers, footers, page numbers• Contents is added, pages are verified• Document is rechecked, quality controlCommunications Office:• Coordinates delivery to Printer

AFTERCommunications Office:• Coordinates press checks with Printer• Transmits text and charts to IS staffBudget Division:• Coordinates distribution

BIG BUDGET YEARBudget Division:• Performance measures are identified• Agency detail sections are written, editedCommunications Office:• Prepares capital maps, additional charts• Assists in writing, editing other publications

SYSTEMS Supplemental:• WinSum• BuildSum

Documents are modified for the Internet

1. Contents are modified2. Text is cleaned-up, converted to

“HTML” (Internet-ready) format3. Bookmarks are added

LORI J, JULIE W, JOHN P

Electronic versions are sent to DIS server for testing

Tested documents are posted on Governor and

OFM homepages

LORI J, JULIE W, JOHN P

ALL

FINAL PRODUCTSSupplemental:• Recommendation Summaries• Budget Highlights• [Executive Request Legislation]• Budget BillsBig Budget Year:• Capital Plan• Transportation 6-Year Plan• Agency Detail (electronic only)• Budget Highlights• Executive Request Legislation• Recommendation Summaries• Budget Bills

Numbers are Finalized

• Timed to occur simultaneous to press conference

• Cannot begin until day of press conference (to assure confidentiality)

Format:

Above All Else. . .

• Format and design should not distract from content

• Instead, the content should be the first thing you see

• The formatting should not even be noticed

• For charts, this means 90 percent of the architecture is devoted to your data

Format:

Above All Else. . .

• Format and design should not distract from content

• Instead, the content should be the first thing you see

• The formatting should not even be noticed

• For charts, this means 90 percent of the architecture is devoted to your data

Color vs. Black and White

COLOR:

• Blue is basic

• For slides, white and yellow work well for text

• Red provides emphasis, but may convey a sense of alarm when used for numbers

• Green adds an additional color

• Stick with these colors while you’re learning


COLOR:

• Blue is basic

• For slides, white and yellow work well for text

• Red provides emphasis, but may convey a sense of alarm when used for numbers

• Green adds an additional color

• Stick with these colors while you’re learning


FOR BOTH COLOR AND BLACK AND WHITE:

• Strong colors convey a sense of confidence in your data, power

• Gradient shades are used to show incremental transitions in data or scale

• Shades are used consistently throughout a presentation or publication


FOR BOTH COLOR AND BLACK AND WHITE:

• Strong colors convey a sense of confidence in your data, power

• Gradient shades are used to show incremental transitions in data or scale

• Shades are used consistently throughout a presentation or publication


FOR BLACK AND WHITE:

• Black is used for the most significant piece of data (this is not always the biggest slice)

• White is used for data with least significance

FOR COLOR:

• Blue is basic, red conveys a sense of alarm


FOR BLACK AND WHITE:

• Black is used for the most significant piece of data (this is not always the biggest slice)

• White is used for data with least significance

FOR COLOR:

• Blue is basic, red conveys a sense of alarm

Felonies Gross Misdemeanor Misdemeanor

Visually, the eye will go to black

4,000,000

4,500,000

5,000,000

5,500,000

6,000,000

6,500,000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

OFFICE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FEBRUARY 1997

Estimates

Forecast

Washington Population Growth: 1985-2005

4,000,000

4,500,000

5,000,000

5,500,000

6,000,000

6,500,000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 20054,000,000

4,500,000

5,000,000

5,500,000

6,000,000

6,500,000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

OFFICE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FEBRUARY 1997OFFICE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FEBRUARY 1997

EstimatesEstimates

ForecastForecast

Washington Population Growth: 1985-2005Washington Population Growth: 1985-2005


Washington Population Growth: 1985-2005Washington Population Growth: 1985-2005

4,000,0004,000,000

4,500,0004,500,000

5,000,0005,000,000

5,500,0005,500,000

6,000,0006,000,000

6,500,0006,500,000

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple

19851985 19871987 19891989 19911991 19931993 19951995 19971997 19991999 20012001 20032003 20052005

EstimatesEstimates ForecastForecast

An increase of over 1 million since 1985An increase of over 1 million since 1985

A total of 6.4 million is expected by 2005A total of 6.4 million is expected by 2005

Nearly one million more peoplewill occupy the state

Nearly one million more peoplewill occupy the state


Text:

UPPER CASE TEXT IS UNFRIENDLY

• Lower case is friendly

• AVOID overuse of UPPER CASE text

• Also avoid overuse of italics, underlines, and combinations of the ABOVE

Text:

UPPER CASE TEXT IS UNFRIENDLY

• Lower case is friendly

• AVOID overuse of UPPER CASE text

• Also avoid overuse of italics, underlines, and combinations of the ABOVE

Fonts:

• Fonts with straight edges work well for headlines, tables, or bold text

• Fonts with curved, flowing edges work well for text in general

• Avoid using more than two fonts in any publication

Fonts:

• Fonts with straight edges work well for headlines, tables, or bold text

• Fonts with curved, flowing edges work well for text in general

• Avoid using more than two fonts in any publication

30 Percent Rule:

• Main headings, subheadings, and text each decrease by 30 percent

30 Percent Rule:

• Main headings, subheadings, and text each decrease by 30 percent

Placement:

• Never deviate from the grid!

Placement:

• Never deviate from the grid!