The Published Works of Lorande Loss Woodruff JOHN 0. CORLISS

Osborn Zoological Laboratory, Y a k Uiziversity, .VPW Haven, Connecticut.

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1v INDICATION of the late Professor Lorande A Loss Ivoodruff’s prominence in the biological world of his era may be gained from a survey of the titles of his published works. His contributions are listed here, in chronological order, under five arbitrary head- ings: some belong as appropriately in one category as another.

The first group contains the results of his researches on the ciliated protozoa. All of these represent orig- inal, painstaking investigations and many have had profound influence upon the growth of protozoology in America during the first half of the present century.

The second group consists of Woodruff’s contribu- tions to the history of biology, particularly microscopy, a field in which he had a very deep personal interest and in which he was considered a leading authority in this country.

In a third section have been placed publications of which CVoodruff served as editor; here also appear chapters of books and general biological articles written by him. Perhaps most important in this group are his textbooks of biology and zoology, for their influence has been and will continue to be felt by generation after generation of undergraduate students in universities and colleges the world over.

RIiscellaneous notices, book reviews and commemo- rative pieces are listed in section four.

Finally, protozoological papers published jointly with various of his students or Yale colleagues are given in the last group. Here, once again, one may note the breadth of Woodruff’s interests and his influence on his students and on the generation of protozoologists succeeding him.

I. Protozoological Papers 1905.

1907.

1908.

1908.

1908.

1908.

1908.

1909.

1909.

An experimental study on the life-history of hypo- trichous infusoria. I . Expt l . Zool., 2, 585-632. Variation during the life-cycle of infusoria in its bearings on the determination of species. Srience, 25, 734-735. Effects of alcohol on the division-rate of infusoria. Scimce, 27, 442-413. Increased susceptibility of protozoa to poison due to treatment with alcohol. Proc. SOC. Exptl. Biol. &led., 5, 124. The life cycle of Paramecizrin. Proc. SOC. Expt l . Biol. Med., 5, 82-83. Effects of alcohol on the life cycle of infusoria. Biol. Bull., 15, 85-104. The life cycle of Parameciziin when subjected to a varied environment. A m . Xafuralist, 42, 520-526. Duration of the cycle of Paraitzecizim. Science, 29, 425. Studies on the life cycle of Paranzeciiim. Proc. Soc. Exprl . Biol. Med., 6 , 117-11s.

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1909.

1910.

1911.

1911.

1911.

1911.

191 1.

1912.

1912.

1912.

1912.

1913.

1913.

1913.

1913.

1913

1911

1914.

1915.

1916.

1917.

1917.

1910.

1919. 1921.

1921.

1921.

1921.

Further studies on the life cycle of Parczineci~rri~. Biol. Bzill., 17, 287-308. On the power o i reproduction without conjugation in Paranzecizinz. Proc. SOC. Exptl. B i d . Med., 7 , 144. The effect of culture medium contaminated with the excretion products of Paranieciirni on its rate of re- production. Proc . SOC. Enptl. Biol. Med. , 8, 100. Paranincciunz azrrelia and Paraniaeciwn caudatutn. J . Morphol., 22, 223-237. Two thousand generations of Paranzaecizini. A r c h . Protistenk, 21, 263-266. The effect of escretion products of Paraninecizrm on its rate of reproduction. J. Exptl . Zool., 10, 557-581. Evidence on the adaptation of paramaecia to dif- ferent environments. B i d . B d . , 22, 60-65. The sequence of the protozoan fauna in hay in- fusions. Proc. Sac. E x p t l . Biol. Med., 9, 65-66. A five-year pedigreed race of Paranzarciiin~ without conjugation. Proc. SOC. E x p t l . B i d . Mfd., 9. 121-123. Observations on the origin and sequence oi the protozoan fauna of hay infusions. J . E-rph. Zool., 12, 205-264. .4 summary of the results of certain physiological studies on a pedigreed race of Paranzn~cizirn. Bio- chew. Bull., 1, 396-412. The Kernplasmarelation during the life of a pedi- greed race of Oxytricha fallax. Proc. Soc. Enpll. Biol. Med., 10, 74. Dreitausend und dreihundert Generationen von Parantnpcium ohne Konjugation oder kdnstliche Reizung. Biol. Zentr., 33, 34-36. The production of specific escretion products by infusoria. Biochem. Bzdl., 2, 465. The effect of excretion products of infuzoria on the same and on different species, with smpecial reference to the protozoan sequence in infusions. J . Exptl. Zool., 14, 575-582. Cell size, nuclear size and the nucleo-cytoplasmic relation during the life of a pedigreed race oi Oxytricha fallax. J . Exptl. Zool., 15, 1-22. Further light on the conjugation of Paranzecizini. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 11 , 61. So-called conjugating and non-conjugating races of Parunzneci~rin. The problem of rejuvenecence in protozoa. Bio- chern. Bull., 4, 371-378. Endomisis in diverse races of Parainnecinin a i i reh . Proc . S O C . Exptl . Biol. Med. , 13, 161-162. Rhythms and endomisis in various races of Para- maecii~in aurelia. The influence of general environmcntal conditions on the periodicity of endomisis in Paraiiiec.izint aurelia. Biol. Bull., 33. 437-462. The hay infusion microcosm. Guide to ,Vat?rre, 11, 288-289. Didiniunz naszitzrnz. Guide to AVabu~f, 11 , 304-305. Amicronucleate infusoria. Pror. SOC. Exptl. Biol. Med. , 18, 28-29. Paranzeciziiii calkinsi sp. n. Proc. SOL. EspIl. Biol.

The present status of the long-continued pedigree culture of Paraineciiinz uirrelia at Yale University. Proc. Natl. dcad. Sci. U.S., 7, 41-41. The structure, life history and intrageneric relation- ships of Paramecium calkinsi sp. nov. Biol. Bwll., 41, 171-180.

J . Enptl. Zool., 16, 237-210.

Biol. Bull., 33, 51-56.

&fed., 18, 137-138.

This bronze plaque has been placed on the cabinet containing the reprint collection of the late Professor Lorande Loss LVoodruff. (Photograph by Dr. S.-C. Shen.)

The Townsend Harris Medal, an.arded in 14.35 to the late Professor Lorsnd- L o s Woodruff by the ..lssociate Alumni of the College of the City of Kew York. Professor L‘ocdruff, a member of the cliass of 1900, was presented the medal, engra\-ed with his name, with the fcllowing citation: “Teacher in the venerable University of Tale, zoologkt of national eminence. painrtaking scholar in a basic field of biology, contributor to the learned periodicals in your own and allied subjects, member of the National Academy of Scienmces, you have manifested that disinterested love of learn- ing toward the attainment of which all true crnters of advanced study constanslly strive. You have taken to another campus the tradition ‘that has given bitality to the academic life of your College.

In you Alma Mater finds particular reason to rejoice.”

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192 1. Micronucleate and amicronuclcate races of infusoria. J . Erpt l . Zool., 34, 329-337.

192.5. The physiological significance of conjugation and endomixis in the iniusoria. A n / . A~atzu‘ah’ t , 59, 225- 249.

1926. Eleven thousand ccnerations of Parunteriitn~. Qrrurt. R w . B id . , 1, 436-438.

1927. S,tudies on the life history of Blepharisnia ztndttlans. Pioc. Sor. Erpt l . B i d . .Wed., 21, 769-770.

1928. Further studicj on the life history of Blephari.~;iin /tndnlaiis. Proc. Sor. Erj>tl. Riol. Mrd . , 25, b8.?-b84.

1920. Thirteen thousand generations of Puranzrcirrtn. Pror. Soc. Erptl . B i d . M d . , 26, 707-708.

1931. I’ariations in the micronuclear apparatus of Para- nrcrinii~ hrtrsciriu. Pror. Soc. E.rptl. R i d . Med. , 28. SIX.

103 1. Micronuclcar \-ariation in Puranirci~r:n brrrsorin. ()tiart. J . Microsc.op. Sci., 74, .5.<7-51,7.

19.32. Paiciinccinni ottrelia in pcdigrec culture for twenty- fiw years. Trans. . d i n , Microscop. Soc., 51. 196.108.

19.15. Physiological significance of conjugation in Bkplz- ~ r i s m a zrndirlans.

1911. Population problems in protozoa. . . Introduction. , 4 7 7 7 . Nuttrralist , 75, 101-405.

194.;. The pedigreed culture of Paiainc~izirn azrwlia a t Yalc University. Proc . S a t l . . 4 c d Sci. U.S., 29, 1.i.i- 136.

194.5. The early history of the genus Parun~erinni with special reierence to Paruni~ciunt arrrelia and Para- nzcci?i~ii cciitdatirnt. Trans. Conti . .dcud. .4rts Sri., 36, 517-5,il.

J . E.vpt1. Zool., 70, 2Si-.130.

11. Historical Works 191 i . Erasmus 1)arwin and Benjamin Franldin. Scio ice ,

1915. Raker on the microscope and the polype. Sci.

1010. Hooke’s hlicrographia. .47n. iVutnrulist, 53. 247-264. 1921. History of biology. Sri. M o n t h l y , 12, 253-251.

in LVoodruff, L. L., The Drvr lopmei i t of Ices, 1st series, Tale Univ. Pres:, New Haven,

215-259. 1926. The versatile Sir John Hill, M.D. An?. Saf /wul i . s t ,

60, 417-442. 1937. Louis Joblot and the protozoa. Sci. Montlzly, 44, 41-

47. 1938. Philosophers in littlc things. 1 ; 7 2 h . Okla. Bull., No.

739, 21-3.1. 19.i9. Sonic pioneers in microscopy with special reference

to protozoology. Trans. 11.. 1’. .4cad. Sci,, 1. 74-77. 19.14. Microxopy before the nineteenth century. .4m.

Knticralist, 73, 185-316. 1941. Biology, in \Voodruff, I,. L. The flez~elopntent of

t h e Srirnrcs, 2nd series, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, 197-246.

1943. The advent of thc microscope a t Yale College. A m . Scientist, 31, 241-245.

1044. The advent of the microscope a t Yak College. Connecticnt State M e d . J., 8, 93-95.

46, 291-242.

hfoJt th~J’, 7 , ?1?-2?6.

111. Editor- and Authorships 1918. The origin of life, in Lull, R. S., T h e evolution o f

thc e w t h and its inhabifants, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, 82-108.

1920. (with H . Laurens and G. A. Baitsell, ed.) Lnhora- tory directions for getieral biology. 63 pp.

1922. Foundations of biology, 1st edition, Macmillan Co., New York.

192.3. Foundations o f biology, 2nd edition, Macmillan Co., Xew York.

1923. Editor, The dt.vrlop~nent of the sciences. 1st series. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven. 32i pp.

1924. The protozoa and the problem of adaptation. in Thorpe, M. R., Organic adaptation to ~-nvironntent, Yale Univ. Press, S e w Haven, 45-66,

1924. Biology, in Black, H. G.. Paths t o si tcces) . D. C. Heath & Co., New York, 162-181.

1927. Fozindations o f biology, 3rd edition, Macmillan Co.. New York.

1929. The origin of life! in Baitsell, G. .I., T h e evolzrtion of ear th and 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 , Yale Univ. Press, Xew Haven. 83-109.

1930. Foiindatians of biology, 4th edition, Macmillan Co., Kew York.

1932. Animal biology, 1st edition, Macmillan Co., S e w \’ark.

1935. Biology, in Nelson’s Loose-Leaf Encyclopedia, T. S e k o n and Sons, Ken- York, 92-96.

1936. Foundations of biology, Chinese translation, World Book Co., Shangha.i! China.

1936. Foundations of biology, 5th edition, Macmillan Co., Ncw York.

1938. .4niinuZ biology, 2nd edition, Macmillan Co., Ne\v York.

19-11, Foundations of biology, 6th edition, Macmillan Co., New Yorl;.

1941. Endornixis, in Calkins and Summers, Protozoa in biologicd research, Columbia Pniv. Press, Kew York. 646-665.

1941. Editor, The developntcnt of the Aciences, 2nd series, Yale Univ. Press, S e w Haven.

1951. (with G. A. Baitsell) Fozrndations of biology, 7th edition, Macmillan Co., Xew York.

IV. Miscellany 1408. The American Societi- o i ZooloTists. Scirnce, 27,

441. 1909. The American Society of Zoologists. Scic.nce, 29,

424. 1930. (Chairman) [Report of thcl . Division of biology

and agriculture [of the National Research Councill, Rvport of Natl . i l cad . Sci. 11. S., year 1928/1929. 89-92.

1930. The National .4cademy oi Sciences. Yale Sci. Mag. , 4, 19-22), 35.

1931. Protozoan pauadisnt of the aliiitrntary tract : P a f k - ology, diagnosis and trratinent, by K. M . L>-nch. [Book review] Collecting Ne t , 6, 241.

1931. Elements of zvater bacteriology, by S. C. Prescott and C. E. .\. Winslow. [Book review1 Collertinfi *Vet, 6, 241.

1931. The soil and t h e nzicrobe, by S . .4. Waksman and R. L. Starkey. IBook review1 Collecting N r t , 6, 241-242.

1939. Edniund Reecher Wilson. A n t . 1. Sci., 237, 371-372. 1942. Robert William Hegner, 1850-1942. Sci. Monthly ,

1943. Garb- S a t h a n Calkins. Collecting ,Vet, 18, 5.6. 1945. Alesander Petrunkevitch, colleague and friend.

55, 182-154.

Trans. Conn. A c a d . Sci., 36, 7-8 .

V. Joint Publications 1909. (with H. H . Bunzel) The relative toxicity of var-

ious salts and acids t o w x d Parainecittnt. .4liJ. J . Physiol., 25, 190-194.

1910. (with M . S. Fine) The biological cycle of the ha>- infussion. Science, 31. 467-468.

1911. (with G. .4. Baitsell) Beef extract as a “constant“ culture medium for Paravnuecium aurrlia. Proc. Soc. Exptl. B id . M r d . , 8, 1?1-12?.

911. (with G. A. Baitsell) The reproduction of Para- niaeciunz aurelin in a “constant” culture medium of beef extract. J . Expt l . Zool., 11, 135-142.

911. (with G. A. Baitsell) Rhythms in the reproductive activity of infusoria. J . Exptl . Zool., 11, 339-359.

911. (with G . .4. Baitsell) The temperature coefficient of the rate of reproduction of Paraniaeciuin azrreliu. An?. J . Physiol., 29, 147-355.

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1913.

1913.

1914.

1913.

1914.

1914.

1916.

1921.

1921.

1921.

(with F. P. Underhill) Protozoan protoplasm as an indicator of pathological changes. I. In nephritis. J. Biol. Chrnz., 15. 385-400. (with F. P. Underhill) Protozoan protoplasm as an indicator of pathological changes. 11. In carcinoma. J. Biol. Chew., 15, 401-414. (with R. Erdmann) Complcte periodic nuclear re- organization without cell fusion in a pedigreed race of Parainaeciiini. Proc. SOC. Exptl . B i d . Med. , 11, 73-74. (with R. Erdmann) .4 normal periodic reorganiza- tion process without cell fusion in Paranrarciimz. J. Exptl. Zool., 17, 425-518. (with R. Erdmann) Vollstindige periodische Ein- euerung des Kernapparates ohne Zellverschmelzung bei reinlinigen Paramaecien. Biol. Zentr., 34, 484- 496. (with F. P. Underhill) Protozoan protoplasm as an indicator of pathological changes. 111. In fatigue. J. Biol. Chon., 17, 9-12. (with R. Erdmann) The periodic reorganization process in Yaroinaecirriiz caiidatunt. J. Exptl . Zool., 20, 59-97, (with H. Spencer) The food reactions of the in- fusorian Spathidium spaikula. Proc. SOC. Exptl. Biol. Mrd . , 18, 183-184. (with H. Spencer) The early effccts of conjugation on the division rate of Spathidizinz spathitla. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 18, 240-241. (with H. Spencer) The survival value of conjuga-

1922.

1922.

1922.

1923.

1923.

1924.

1924.

1924.

1940.

1941.

tion in the life history of Spilthidizinz spathrrlu. PTOC. Soc. E x p f l . B i d . Mrd. , 18, 303-301. (with H. Spencer) Studies on Spathidiuni spathrrla. I. The structure and behavior of Spatlzidizinz, with special reference to the capture and ingestion of its prey. J. Exptl . Zool., 35, 189-205. !with H. Spencer) On the method of macronuclcx disintegration during endomisis in Paranzeciririi aurelia. Proc. Soc. E.rpf1. Biol. Afrd., 19, 290.291. (with H. Spencer) Racial variations in Blephar.isina undidans. Proc. SOC. Exptl. Biol. Med., 19, 339-330. (with H. Spencer) Paraineciiiiit polycaryunz, sp. nov. Proc. SOC. Expt l . Biol. Med., 20, 338-339. (with W. W. Swingle) The effect of thyroid products on Paranzcciuin. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. V r d . , 20, 386. (with E . L. Moore) On the longevity of Spathidirrin spathzila with'out endomisis or conjugation. Proc. Nat l . Acad. Sci. U . S., 10, 183-1%. (with H. Spencer) Studies on Spathidiiim spathda. 11. The significance of conjugation. J. E x p t l . Zool., 39, 133-196. (with W. W. Swingle) The effects of thyroid and some other endocrine products on Paran7rci~int. rlnz. J. Pkgsiol., 69, 21-34. (with E . J. Boell) Mating and metabolism in Paraineciunz culkinsi. Science, 92, 417. (with E . J . B o d ) Respiratory metabolism of mat- ing types in Paranaeciunz calkiizsi. J . Exptl. Zool., 87, 385-402.