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`chjarch e¾7=

@gdhprhsh` Dhe`yaph`byhy

Dy `chjarch 

@gdhprhsh` Dhe`yaph`byhy (Oafohth, \gst Dgelhf, Ce`ch) cs tbg lugst aj tbg egw cssugaj `chjarch (yau ihe `awefah` tbg ihrtcfhlg BGTG). Bcs Pbg ^syibafaly aj Ycfgeig ’ Pbg stary aj Dbhrht  wg hrg bhppy ta pudfcsb cesc`g `chjarch cs h sukkhrczg` he` trhesfhtg`vgrscae aj h Dhelfh psgu`a-eavgf, cectchffy pudfcsbg` ce Ohfa`bvhec, _g`. ^rhshethIbhttgrmc[ 89=8, Aitadgr 4>>7. Ct whs hfsa sprgh` tbraulb Mabe Ihlg–s khcfcel fcst Ycfgeig ce Ygptgkdgr 4>>:. Sau ihe rgh` tbg dglceecel aj tbg eavgf ae tbg ihrtcfhlg wbgrghs yaukhy `awefah` Dbhrht–s JWFF stary BGTG. Fcog @gdhprhsh` shys ‖Ct iauf` dg `gjceg`

hs h Ycfgeig-jcitcae ehrrhtcvg‛.

@gdhprhsh` Dhe`yaph`byhy cs h fcelucst dy trhcecel wba adthceg` h ^b.@ ce 833: he`bhs dgge rgigetfy prakatg` ta Hsscsthet ^rajgssar hjtgr he gxtgescvg pgrca` hs h MuecarFgiturgr (8333-4>88). Bg–s quctg h khvgrcio jclurg wctbce tbg hih`gkci rghfk wbasgtrcdgs he` cetgffgituhf ifhes bg prgjgrs ta sbue, tbus rgjuscel ta dg phrt aj cts saichfstruiturg. Bg hspcrgs ta sbhrg wcs`ak he` eat kgrg oeawfg`lg `gspctg aj bcs khey pudfcsbg` hrtcifgs.

He gxtge`g` cetgrvcgw wctb tbg wrctgr hdaut bcs eavgf wcff dg uppg` ae tbcs dfal saae.

Pgibecihf ceja=87> iapcgs, `ckgescaes= 80Ü94 ik, prcetg` ae 80> lr. (heg)Oheth phpgr.

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`chjarch #7

@gdhprhsh` Dhe`yaph`byhy (Oafohth, \gst Dgelhf, Ce`ch) â f–aspctg `gf euava eukgra

`c `chjarch (p`j `gffh ihrtcfhlceg sihrcihdcfg XWC). Cf sua rhiiaeta Fh ^sciafalch `gfYcfgezca ’ Fh starch `c Dbhrht  ibg schka jgfcic `c puddfcihrg su `chjarch â ueh vgrscaegrchssueth g trh`atth `c ue rhiiaeta Dhelfh, ceczchfkgetg puddfcihta ce Ohfa`bvhec, _g`.^rhsheth Ibhttgrmc[ 89=8, egff–Attadrg 4>>7. Â sthth ceaftrg `cjjush httrhvgrsa fh khcfcelfcst `c Mabe Ihlg Ycfgeig egf Ygttgkdrg 4>>:. Egffh ihrtcfhlceg patrgtg travhrg f–ceczca `gfrhiiaeta fh iuc vgrscaeg IAK^FGPH puô gssgrg sihrcihth XWC. Iakg `cig @gdhprhsh`‖Yc patrgddg `gjcecrg iakg ue rhiiaeta `c Ycfgeig-jcitcae‛.

Fcelucsth huta`c`htth, `apa hvgr iaesglucta cf `attarhta egf 833: @gdhprhsh`Dhe`yaph`byhy â `h paia sthta prakassa hf rhela `c Hsscstgetg `apa ue–cetgsh httcvctî `cMuecar Fgiturgr (8333-4>88). Jclurh htcpcih egff–uecvgrsa hiih`gkcia `c iuc rcjullg c ifhe

g c icriafc `c cetgffgttuhfc, bh hf sua httcva `cvgrsg puddfcihzcaec cf iuc hkdczcasa siapa pgrô varrgddg gssgrg qugffa `c `cjjae`grg shllgzzh pcó ibg sgkpfcig iaeasigezh.

H drgvg sglucrî su qugsta dfal ue–gstgsh cetgrvcsth hffa sircttarg cetarea hf sua rhiiaeta.

Ihrhttgrcstcibg tgiecibg=87> iapcg, `ckgescaec= 80Ü94 ik, sthkphtg su ihrth 80> lr., tcpa (heg)Oheth.

Xugsta hrtciafa â sthta cesgrcta cf khrtg`æ, 4: fulfca 4>88 hffg 8:=74 he` thllg` wctbihrtcfhlceg, scfgeig g puddfcihta ce Fcelucstcih. Sau ihe jaffaw hey rgspaesgs ta tbcsgetry tbraulb tbg TYY 4.> jgg`.

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@gdhprhsh` Dhe`yaph`byhy

Pbg ^syibafaly aj 

Ycfgeig

Pbg stary aj Dbhrht

(Yukkhrczg` he` trhesfhtg` vgrscae aj h Dhelfh psgu`a-eavgf, pudfcsbg` ceOhfa`bvhec, _g`. ^rhsheth Ibhttgrmc[ 89=8, Aitadgr, 4>>7)

`chjarch Mufy 4>88

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Ce`gx

Iheta C   8

C.8 Cevgstclhtcae ceta tbg `aicfg da`y aj Dbhrht   . . . . . . . . . . 8

C.4 Dbhrht–s ^grsaehf Bcstary   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4C.9 Pbg fhst kg`cihf cetgrvgetcae   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Iheta CC Prhesctcaehf pbhsg= wbge ^urheh rghppghrg`   7

Iheta CCC H egw sghribcel   <

CCC.8 Kctrh–s sghribcels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <CCC.4 Dbhrht–s `chry   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Iheta CZ Tgkg`y1   88

CZ.8 Pbg uftckhtg `chleascs   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

CZ.4 Pbg uftckhtg rgkg`y1   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

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Iheta C

C.8 Cevgstclhtcae ceta tbg `aicfg da`y aj Dbhrht\bht bhppges ta yau Dbhrht1 \by hrg yau eat spghocel1 ^heihmhec whsjggfcel tbg bght aj euifghr-rh`chtcae wbge tbg Y^GP  whs lacel ae? he csatapgwhs faihfczg` ce tbg fgjt sc`g aj Dbhrht–s drhce dy cesgrtcel h ihtbgtgr ta bcsvgce ta e` aut tbg ihusgs dgbce` tbg `ukdegss aj Dbhrht.

Dbhrht whs eat spghocel . . . Ygvgrhf gxpgescvg `chleastci praig`urgswgrg gxgiutg`. \bge Dbhrht cectchffy stappg` spghocel, ^heihmhec taao bckta he GEP-spgichfcst. Ct whs `chleasg` hs   Hpbaech . Bawgvgr tbg   Fhrye-lasiapy  tgst jhcfg` ta `gtgit tbg hituhf ihusg dgbce` Dbhrht–s eae-spghocel.Pbgrgjarg, GEP-spgichfcst rgjgrrg` bck ta h egurafalcst.

Pbg pbysciche straog tbraulb tbg ghrfcgr `chleascs he` sullgstg` h pas-scdcfcty jar  Yphska`ci @cspbaech  ar, bg tbaulbt, ct kclbt dg h ihsg aj  Lfadhf Hpbhsch . Pbgrg kclbt dg sakgtbcel ueusuhf ce Dbhrht–s fgjt bgkcspbgrg,gspgichffy ce tbg Draih–s Hrgh= h suppasg` zaeg ce tbg jraethf fadg, wbcibcs rgspaescdfg jar aur spghocel. Pbg egurafalcst sullgstg` h sgrcgs aj tgsts=Igrgdrhf Helcalrhpby, Gfgitrageigpbhfalrhk (GGL), IP Yihe aj tbg bgh`,KTC aj tbg bgh`, Youff R-rhy  gti . . . Eatbcel whs ‖hdearkhf‛, dut, ce tbgkghetckg, Dbhrht–s da`y whs rupturg ,̀ siartibg`, dfaa`g` . . .

@aitar–s iaemgiturg whs tbge tbht ct whs h ihsg aj  Igrgdrhf Katar Hpbh-sch . Bg put he hiraeyk ue`gr bcs `chleascs=   HWA (Hpbhsch aj Weoeawe Arclce). Bghftb Ihrg ^ravc`gr whs sghribcel jar arclce ’ ihusgs he` ggit,ggit he` ihusg, ihusg he` ggit.

Bg cectchffy prgsircdg` h kg`ciceg= ^getaxypbyfce? hjtgrwhr`s ct whs sup-pfgkgetg` dy Hkpbgthkceg ’ tbg rgkg`cgs jar eae-spghocel! Pbaulb, tatbg `aitar, tbg gtcafaly aj Dbhrht–s eae-spghocel whs stcff ueoeawe.

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4

Hjtgr  ^GP (^asctrae Gkcsscae Pakalrhpby), eaw ct cs h tckg jar  Ycelfg ^batae Gkkcsscae Iakputg` Pakalrhpby  (Y^GIP  ar fgss iakkaefy oeawehs  Y^GP ). Pbht tgst `csiavgrg` h pgiufchr pbgeakgeae= quctg iaetrhry tatbg `gtgrkcehtcae aj ghrfcgr `chleascs, tbaulb tbgrg whs he ‖cetgesg egurhfhitcvcty‛ ce tbg jraethf fadg aj Dbhrht–s drhce, tbg phrcgthf fadg whs tathffycehitcvg.

\bht wauf` dg tbg egxt stgp jar ^heihmhec jar iurcel bcs busdhe`,Dbhrht1 Pbg fckct aj Kg`cihf Cesurheig whs gxbhustg`? tbg gxpgescvg tgstspgegtrhtg` tbg `aicfg da`y aj Dbhrht. Dbhrht, jrak eaw ae, fcog Wfyssgs,

iauf` eat rgture ta bcs cectchf pbhsg, tbheos ta tbg vcafget kg`cihf tgsts.

^heihmhec whs jggfcel tbg suaihtcel whrktb aj euifghr dakds ht tbgkakget aj kg`cihf euifghr tgsts ae tbg dfaa`g` da`y aj Dbhrht.

Dbhrht whs tbge rgjgrrg` ta h egura-psyibchtrcst. Bg sullgstg` h dfaa`-tgst ta mu`lg tbg fgvgf aj fctbcuk he` sa`cuk ce Dbhrht–s dfaa` tbaulb eatb-cel whs ‖hdearkhf‛ ce bcs dfaa`. Bcs prgsircdg` kg`cicegs tbge wgrg= Hkct-ryptcfce he` Hfprhzafhk YT.

@gspctg suib tgsts he` rglufhr cethogs aj `cgrget gxpgrckgethf kg`cicegs,Dbhrht `c` eat rgture ta tbg eae-scfget zaeg aj spghocel! Dbhrht cs eawsugrcel jrak  @AK^ . \bht cs tbht1

C.4 Dbhrht–s ^grsaehf Bcstary

Ht tbg kakget aj cetgrvgetcae aj h egura-psyibchtrcst, Dbhrht whs must fcogh `gh` da`y ’ bg whs egctbgr spghocel ear kavcel.

Pbg egura-psyibchtrcst whs iurcaus hdaut Dbhrht–s pgrsaehf fcjg, ibcf`-

baa` iaelurhtcae, jhkcfy bcstary, gtigtgrh, tbaulb bg, hs h dusy pbysciche,`c` eat bhvg geaulb tckg ta fcstge ta Dbhrht–s stary jrak bcs pggr lrauphe` ae tbg atbgr bhe`, Dbhrht–s jrcge`s `c` eat bhvg tckg hfsa hs tbgy bh`hfrgh`y rgmgitg` bck ’ eat jar bcs eae-spghocel, dut jar bcs rg`uig` ‖khrogt-vhfug‛.

Dbhrht, tbaulb he ar`cehry muecar fgiturgr ce Fcelucstcis (jar tbg pgrca`aj 82 yghrs) ce he cetgrehtcaehf hih`gkci cestctutg, whs aeig cevctg` ta httge`h prgstclcaus eae-rgsc`getchf jgffawsbcp ta gxgiutg h daao-pramgit ae Ibak-

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C.4 Dbhrht–s ̂ grsaehf Bcstary 9

soche bypatbgscs ae fcelucstci irghtcvcty he` bcs shfhry whs rg`uig` jar sakg

ueoeawe rghsaes. @gmgitg` Dbhrht whs kgrlg` wctb bulg `gdt hs bg fasthfkast bue`rg` tbaushe` Ce`che iurrgeicgs jar trhespartcel bcs jhkcfy jrakaeg pfhig ta heatbgr.

Jrak tbge ae, jrcge`s wgrg hvac`cel Dbhrht he` bg dglue ta sugrceljrak pgrsgiutary phrheach hs bg ckhlceg` h dcl iaespcrhiy hraue` bck.Dbhrht whs h rglufhr wrctgr ce h pafctcihf wggofy, wbgrg bg rhcsg` bcs vacighlhcest sthtcst, rgfclcaus ar giaeakci `csirckcehtcae he` tbasg phpgrs wgrgrgjgrrg` ce tbg phrfchkget. Hiiar`cel ta Dbhrht–s jhethstci ckhlcehtcae, ctwgrg tbasg pafctcihf wrctcels tbht wgrg rgspaescdfg jar bcs `glrh`htcae ce tbht

lavgrekgethf cestctutg. Dbhrht, hs ^heihmhec rgctgrhtg` ct ta tbg `aitar, tbgequgstcaeg` ^heihmhec, ‖Baw iauf` ct dg passcdfg Mhec, ky shfhry cs rg`uig`wbge C–k hwhr`g`1‛

Pbg egura-psyibchtrcst jaue` tbg jaffawcel jhits hdaut Dbhrht jrak bcsjhkcfy=

8.   ^grtusscs  (wbaapcel iaulb) ht tbg hlg aj 4

4. Ghr-whx dfaiohlg ht tbg hlg aj aj : he`   Atctcs Kg`ch   (he cefflhkkh-

tcae/cejgitcae aj tbg kc``fg ghr) ht tbg hlg aj 4:

Pbg pbysciche trcg` ta rgfhtg tbgsg arlheci jhcfurgs ’ tbraht he` ghr prad-fgks ’ wctb Dbhrht–s scfgeig. Bg jaue` tbg jhit tbht Dbhrht whs sugrceljrak whx dfaiohlg ht tbht tckg, wbge bg whs fcvcel dgsc`g h dhff prgss jhitarytbht usg` ta gkct hfkast 8>> `d pgr pufsg. Hff tbg Ythtg hpphrhtusgs (FaihfKuecicphfcty, ^affutcae Iaetraf Dahr`, @crgitarhtg aj Jhitarcgs, @gphrtkgetaj Bghftb Bhzhr`s, gti) `c` eat phy hey bgg` ta Dbhrht–s hppghf ta stap tbhteacsg he` Dbhrht bh` fast bcs jhctb ce wgfjhrg sthtg.

Kargavgr, tbgrg whs h rgfclcaus arlheczhtcae aj  vhcsehvhs   (hobrh ) dgsc`gtbg Dbhrht–s fflht. Pbgy–rg scelcel   ocrthehs   (h typg aj `rhkhtci scelcel ceDgelhf) tbraulb 40 brs. Ce igrthce aiihsscaes, tbgy–rg uscel 88 fau`spghogrsta sprgh` tbgcr kuscihf kgsshlgs. Pbgrgjarg, Dbhrht he` ^heihmhec usg` tawghr ghr-pfuls ta hvac` twa typgs aj uewhetg` eacsgs. He` ct whs hfsa jaue`ce bcs jhkcfy bcstary tbht bcs lrhe`ph bh` dgiakg `ukd he` whs fast ce tbgiraw` hjtgr tbg lrght Ce`che phrtctcae ce 830<.

Pbg Bghftb Ihrg ^ravc`gr trcg` ta rgfhtg hff tbgsg ceic`geigs ta Dbhrht–s‖`csghsg‛ dy hff bcs jhctb ce `gtgrkcecstci ihusg he` ggit tbgary. Bcs qugs-

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0

tcae whs= cs ct he arlheci jhcfurg ar h jueitcaehf jhcfurg1

Bawgvgr, bg hfsa iut h sarry lurg ce iurcel Dbhrht. ^heihmhec whsirycel he` dfhkcel Dbhrht jar pfhycel h rafg aj h khfcelgrcel scfget khe.Baw iauf` ^heihmhec rue tbg jhkcfy1

C.9 Pbg fhst kg`cihf cetgrvgetcae

Pbg iaeifu`cel `chleascs aj tbg egura-psyibchtrcst whs   Hexcgty Egurascs .Dbhrht whs sugrcel jrak hexcgty, tbgrgjarg Dbhrht whs eat spghocel ’ he`ct–s h ihsg aj rgprgsscae. Bg rgjgrrg` Dbhrht ta h psyibahehfyst. ^syibaheh-fyst whs jrustrhtg` wctb Dbhrht–s eae-spghocel hs ct whs ckpasscdfg jar bgr tagxgiutg dgbhvcarhf tbgrhpy wctbaut hey rgspaesg jrak h eae-spghocel pgrsae.

\bhtgvgr khy dg tbg `csghsg–s ehkg, Dbhrht–s iae`ctcae whs eat ck-pravg` dut ct whs warst tbhe gvgr. Fhstfy, wbge Kctrh, h eae-prhitcicelhetc-psyibchtrcst he` h jrcge` aj Dbhrht, ihkg ta ^heihmhec–s bakg, rstwar` bg praeaueig` whs he hiraeyk,  @AK^= @csghsgs aj Kg`cihf ^ralrgss ’ Dbhrht–s da`y whs rupturg` dy tbg rgpghtg` kg`cihf cetgrvgetcaes he`Kctrh shc`, ‖C hk eaw uehdfg ta iakkuecihtg wctb Dbhrht hs bg cs fcvcelwctbce scfgeig. Baw `c` ct sthrt1‛

‖Ct–s h fael stary, Kctrh. Bg whs tathffy hfcgehtg` wctb bcs hih`gkcicestctutg. Bg whs eat `acel heytbcel hiiar`cel ta tbg `gkhe`s aj tbg hih-`gkci khrogt, g.l., bg cs eat `gvgfapcel h spghocel-khibceg hs rgqugstg` dybcs cestctutg. Bg bh` gvge rgjusg` ta la ta jargcle iauetrcgs. Bg whetg` tapravg tbht h egw tbgargtcihf waro ’ h phrh`clk sbcjt ’ iauf` hfsa dg passcdfgce wctbaut dgcel sthkpg` dy h jargcle cestctutg. Bg cs h jaaf ’ bg pramgitg`bcksgfj hs h tbcr` warf` faihf sudhftgre hih`gkciche wctb bcs awe–s vacig.Bg whs eat jaffawcel hey ka`gf-tbgargtci hpprahib ta bcs waro? cestgh`, bgwhs shdathlcel tbg gxcstcel ka`gf. Bg whs eat h phrt aj hey `hth-iaffgitcel

hih`gkci tghk hfsa. Bg whs spacfcel bcs tckg dy wrctcel ce bcs katbgr taelugce eae-rgjgrrg` khlhzcegs. Bg bh` ea iaeegitcaes wctb faihf pafctcihf phr-tcgs hs bg bhtg` phtrae-ifcget sbag-fciocel rgfhtcaesbcp . . . Baw iauf` bg lgtprakatcae1‛

‖Sgs, hs h jrcge` aj Dbhrht, C oeaw hff tbgsg jhits. Bawgvgr, pfghsg tgffkg ^heihmhec, tbg kakget, jrak wbcib bg sthrtg` bcs eae-spghocel . . . ‛,shc` Kctrh.

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Iheta CC

Prhesctcaehf pbhsg= wbge

^urheh rghppghrg`

Dbhrht whs scttcel ce jraet aj h PZ. Bg whs whtibcel ‖Heckhf ^fhegt‛ ’ hfcaegss whs htthiocel h prglehet `ggr. Ybg mukpg` he` lrhspg` bgr. PbgPZ sirgge whs juff wctb dfaa`.

Dbhrht stappg` spghocel ’ he hdsafutg ‖phtbafalcihf‛ scfgeig . . . Bg whsscfget hs cj bg whs h iarpsg.

Dbhrhth tbg Khttgr - H zakdcg ce tbg Mhkdu-csfhe`

Aeig upae h tckg, tbgrg whs h ocel ce tbg csfhe` ihffg` Mhkdu. Bg whsDbhrhth, sae aj Tcshdbh`gvh. Dgcel hllrhvhtg` dy bcs jhkcfy he` ocel`ak,bg sbueeg` a hff tbg dae`hlgs he` wget ta muelfg jar iaetgkpfhtcae. Aeg`hy, wbge bg whs kg`cthtcel, h prglehet `ggr mukpg` ceta bcs fhp ta pra-tgit bgrsgfj jrak tbg htthiocel fcaegss. He` sbg `cg` dy lcvcel dcrtb ta h ibcf`.

Dbhrhth bh` dglue ta rghr tbht ibcf`. Pbht `ggr whs bcs gvgrytbcel ’shlg Dbhrhth bh` dgiakg h `ggr-jgtcsb. He` tbg ocel-tureg`-shlg Dbhrhth,hs ct whs taf` dy tbg  ^urheh , ce tbg egxt dcrtb, wauf` dgiakg h `ggr.

@urcel bcs `ggr-fcjg, Dbhrhth prhitcig` sgxuhf hustgrcty he` iuftcvhtg`oeawfg`lg-systgk he` ce tbg egxt dcrtb, bg wauf` dgiakg h  Drhbkce . Baw-gvgr, bg sbueeg` a rctuhfcstci prhitcigs hs wgff hs hff typgs aj `hcfy pgr-jarkheigs ceifu`cel cetgrhitcvg hits ’ tbus bg bh` hibcgvg` iakpfgtg rgcih-tcae. Jar bcs iakpfgtg ‖trhesige`gethf‛ scfgeig, bg whs jhkg` hs Mhrhdbhrhth (Dbhrhth tbg Khttgr ). Bawgvgr, ^urheh taf` us, Dbhrhth whs h vgry oeaw-

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: Prhesctcaehf pbhsg= wbge ^urheh rghppghrg`

fg`lghdfg pgrsae.

Aeg `hy, tbg ocel Tabu, scttcel ce h phfhequce, whs phsscel tbraulbDbhrhth–s bhkfgt he` whetg` ta rgpfhig aeg aj bcs tcrg` phfhequce-dghrgrs.Bg lat Dbhrhth he` gelhlg` bck ce dghrcel tbg phfhequce. Dbhrht whs ue-hdfg ta ihrry tbg phfhequce hs bg whs adgsg (tbheos ta bcs eae-hitcvcty) hswgff hs h zakdcg. Pbg ocel Tabu whs helry he` rgduog` Dbhrhth. Dbhrhthtbge cectchtg` he gpcstgkafalcihf `csiaursg wctb tbg ocel rglhr`cel tbg sthtusaj khstgr he` sgrvhet.

Ce tbcs eae-purheco tckg, Dbhrhth bh` dgiakg Dbhrht, tbaulb h tbceocel-

pgrsae, bg whs taf` dy bcs hutbarcty ta ducf` up hribcvg ar ta hit hs h survgyar’ tbht cs tbg ‖rghf‛ waro aj sa-ihffg` tbcr` warf` faihf sudhftgre hih`gkc-iches. Pbgy iheeat iaetrcdutg tbgcr gpcstgkafalcihf vacigs ce tbg rghfk aj tbg ‖Pbgary‛ . . . Dbhrht bh` dgiakg `ukd.

Dbhrhth tbg Khttgr bh` dgiakg rgceihrehtg` Dbhrht ce   ohfcyulh   . . .@chibraeci jhits rghppghr ce h lgeghfalcihf syeibraey . . . Pbcs iauetry,Dbhh rht8, eaw jaffaws tbg ehkg aj Dbhrhth ’ ct whs ehkg` hjtgr bck.

8Ce`ch

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Iheta CCC

H egw sghribcel

CCC.8 Kctrh–s sghribcels

Kctrh, h jarkgr hetc-psyibchtrcst-(h fh Fhcel)-tureg` Fhiheche psyibahehfyst,whs sghribcel Dbhrht–s `chry, tbrgh`dhrg eatgs he` gvge tbg sghrib bcstaryhe` jhvarctg ctgks ce tbg cetgregt hiiauet aj Dbhrht. He` bg jaue` hstae-

csbcel jhits= Dbhrht iaffgitg` fhrlg khtgrchf ae scfgeig jrak tbg cetgregt. Bgput hstgrcso khros ae tbg Zcrlcech Wecvgrscty sctg ae scfgeig gspgichffy tbgigfgdrhtcae aj tbg `hy aj scfgeig? bg hfsa lhtbgrg` cejarkhtcae hdaut tbg usgaj tbg pbrhsg ‖iaespcrhiy aj scfgeig‛ dy Khrx he` Gelgfs jrak tbg KhrxcstHribcvg. Bg rgjgrrg` ta tbg Iakkcsscae jar Bcstarcihf Ifhrcihtcae he` ctssudsgquget tbg Kgkary aj Ycfgeig @aiukget aj Luhtgkhfh. \hs bg ‖cetgr-ehtcaehfczcel‛ bcs ce`cvc̀ uhf scfgeig1

Hs rgpartg` dy jrustrhtg` ^heihmhec, ce tbg pbhsg aj lrh`uhf ceifcehtcaetawhr`s scfgeig he` wbge Dbhrht whs `csturdg` dy tbg faihf rghf gsthtg `gvgf-apgrs hs wgff hs faihf phrty kgkdgrs, bg whs tbge cetgrgstg` ce scfget kusci.Hphrt jrak fcstgecel ta Thdce`rhshelct ar Phlarg–s saels he` Ce`che ifhsscihfsaels, bg whs hfsa cetgrgstg` ce Mabe Ihlg, tbg Ea-Kusci  aj  @cgtgr Yibegdgfhe` Lgr` ]hibgr. Bg whs iaffgitcel tbg kceckhfcst wbctg phcetcels aj  TadgrtTykhe he` Tadgrt Thusibgedgrl.  ^grbhps, bg whs suaihtg` wctb bcs `cs-icpfceg ’ fcelucstcis, h `csicpfceg ae vcscdfg spghocel aefy. Dbhrht–s `cgrgetsirhp eatgs bh` rgvghfg` bcs ifhustrapbadci gxcstgeig wctbce tbg khcestrghkfcelucstcis.

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2 H egw sghribcel

CCC.4 Dbhrht–s `chry

(Pbgsg eatgs wgrg rg-rgprgsgetg` dy Kctrh ce sa-ihffg` ‖rhtcaehf‛ fheluhlghe` ce ibraeafalcihf ar`gr jar tbg tbgrhpgutci iaevgecgeig)

•   Ky jhtbgr whs tghibcel kg lrhkkhrs aj ky katbgr taelug, Yhesorcthe` Gelfcsb ce ky sibaaf `hys, C bh` sgge tbg dfaa`g` da`y aj fheluhlg.Ky fheluhlg-da`y whs rupturg` dy tbg jrhlkgethry, praig`urhf, he`prgsircptcvg rufgs aj tbg lrhkkhr. Cj hey Baka Yhpcges ihe irghtgceectg sgts aj sgetgeigs aut aj ectg sgts aj war`s, wby sbauf` wg tghiblrhkkhr1 Cs ct jar tbg ‖shfg‛-drhtcae aj h sthe`hr` fheluhlg iaetraffg`dy tbg fheluhlg-khehlgrs, fheluhlg-pafcig, he` fheluhlg-mu`lgs1

•  Pbgy hrg sghribcel hutbgetci kghecel ’ tbgy hrg gtykafalcst? tbgy hrgirghtcel `gtgrkcecstci lgeghfaly aj hrdctrhry scles ’ tbgy hrg pbcfafa-lcsts. C bh` ta irhk hff tbgsg trhsbgs ’ pbaegtci fhws, gti. Cs ct Fcelucs-tcis hs prapasg` dy Yhussurg he` Ibaksoy1 C hk lgttcel tbg adeaxcausskgff aj sthfg war`s jrak ky Wecvgrscty–s Fcelucstci @gphrtkget.

•   C hk rgh`cel Ibaksoy eaw. Bg eglhtg` tbg dgbhvcarhf cetgrprgthtcaeaj fheluhlg hiqucsctcae, dut wg hrg fcvcel wctbce tbg prcsae/dfhio daxaj dgbhvcarhf iaetraf. C wcsb ta hso sakg qugstcaes ta Ibaksoy. Jrakwbgrg `ags tbg c`ghf irghtcvg spghocel sudmgit spgho1 \bgrg cs tbg

faius aj c`ghf spghocel sudmgit1 \bht hdaut tbg ce`cvc̀ uhf bcstaryaj suib c`ghf spghocel sudmgit1 @ags tbg autsc`g cefflugeig ce tbg jar-khtcae aj tbg cesc`g Fheluhlg Hiqucsctcae @gvcig1 \bht bhppges tatrhesige`gethf Ialcta (hs pastufhtg` ce Ihrtgsche Fcelucstcis), wbgect cs sudmgitg` ta tbg autsc`g saichfcty1 (Bgrg C hk ceifcecel tawhr`s^syibahehfyscs ’ ta tbg iaestruit aj ‖psyibg‛ rhtbgr tbhe tbht aj ial-cta hs C hk gkpbhsczcel ae tbg saicgty-psyibg cetgrjhig). Pbg dhsciqugstcae cs= wbht hrg tbg dhsci `cgrgeigs dgtwgge tbg iaestruits fcogpsyibg ar Ihrtgsche ‖Ialcta‛1 Pbg trhesige`gethf Ialcta, hs ct cs iae-struitg` ce Ibaksoche fcelucstcis, iheeat gsihpg cetgrehfczhtcae aj tbg

‖vcafget autsc`g‛8

. Pbg hfibgky aj cesc`g he` autsc`g cs iruichf ht tbgkakget aj iaestruitcel irghtcvg spghocel sudmgit. Pbg Fheluhlg Hi-qucsctcae @gvcig, tbg iaestruitg` cesc`g, khy ar khy eat dg ircppfg`

8Ce tbg iaetgxt aj giafalcihf getctfgkget, sihricty aj ehturhf rgsaurigs he` tbg sudsg-quget prckctcvg hiiukufhtcae aj ct, wg hff hrg iakpgtctars cestgh` aj iakrh`gs? wg hrgtrycel ta lrhsp tbg rgsaurigs sa tbht atbgrs kclbt eat hdfg ta lgt ct. Pbcs cs tbg saurigaj   atbgrs– vcafgeig . Ar, ct cs dgttgr ta quatg  Jrgu`   bgrg= ‖Yugrcel iakgs jrak tbrggquhrtgrs= jrak aur awe da`y? jrak tbg autgr warf ,̀ wbcib ihe rhlg hlhcest us wctb tbgkast pawgrjuf he` pctcfgss jarigs aj `gstruitcae? he` ehffy jrak aur awe rgfhtcaes wctbatbgr kge.‛ Jrgu` (839> = 42) _@gdhprhsh` Dhe`yaph`byhy[

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CCC.4 Dbhrht–s ̀ chry 3

dy tbg autsc`g saichfcty. Bawgvgr, Ibaksoy `c` eat datbgr ta iaesc`gr

tbg cefflugeig aj tbg autsc`g ht tbg kakget aj iaestruitcel he` rgp-rgsgetcel tbg c`ghf irghtcvg cesc`g.   _Kctrh tbaulbt tbht Dbhrht kclbt dg gxgkpfcjycel/pascel bcksgfj hs he cestheig jar bcs hetc-Ibaksoche bypatbgscs= ‖Ircppfg` Irghtcvcty‛[ 

•  Fcelucstcis cs h kgth-spghocel ae spghocel ’ kgth-sykdafci ar`gr aetbg sykdafci ar`gr. Ht tbg kakget aj spghocel, C `a eat egg` taoeaw tbg iaestctutcvg hflarctbkci prceicpfgs aj kgth-sykdafci ar`grtbht whs cesgrtg` ceta aur supgr-gla hs Fheluhlg-khehlgrs/-mu`lgs/-pafcig. Ycfgeig cs he-atbgr ce tbcs kgth-sykdafci ar`gr. C whet ta rgmgit

tbcs ar`gr aj iaetraf. C hk tcrg` aj tbg spghocel lhkg.   _Kctrh lat tbg ifug jar bcs `chleascs jrak tbcs war`= ‖rgmgit‛[ 

•  Ky cestctutg lcvgs kg h waro ta `a= Iakputhtcaehf Fcelucstcis. Iak-putgr sbauf` spgho hs cj s/bg cs h bukhe dgcel. Fcelucstci `hth kust dgttg` hiiar`cel tbg `cituks aj hvhcfhdfg sajtwhrg hflarctbk. \bhtgvgrkhy dg tbg bukhe fcelucstci ar`gr aj tbcels (gctbgr dgcel he e-ehrysystgk ar h systgk jaffawcel sakg praig`urhf ar eae-hflarctbkci rufgcestgh` aj h iaestctutcvg rufg), ct kust jaffaw tbg hvhcfhdfg dcehry pra-lrhk. Ce h``ctcae, wbge tbg pralrhk cs ‖juffy‛ gxgiutg`, iakputgrprgtge`s hs cj s/bg cs h khrogt (wa)khe= s/bg ihe rgpght/trhesfhtg

stgrgatypcihf sgetgeigs gti. Iauf̀ heyaeg pravg tbg jaffawcel gquh-tcae=   spghocel sudmgit  ;  j (dcehry khibceg)   ar vcigvgrsh1 ^grigcvcelda`y hs h khibceg cs h vcafgeig.

•  Pbheos ta Mabe Ihlg, C lat h scfget zaeg jar ky juturg hih`gkci pgr-jarkheigs. C hk iacecel h tgrk,   scfgeigkg  (fcog pbaegkg, karpbgkg,fgxgkg . . . ) ’ eatbcel ihe dg ihffg` hs scfgeig, dut tbgrg cs scfgeig,aur ibasge scfgeig . . . Bawgvgr, tbgrg cs ea hdsafutg trhesige`gethfscfgeig. Egvgrtbgfgss, wba wcff bghr tbcs ce tbg `csicpfcehry tgibeafalyaj kgth-sykdafci ar`gr1

•   \bge, ce Fcelucstcis, cetaehtcae phttgre aj spggib cs httgstg` dy kh-ibceg (eat dy uscel trhceg` ghrs aj tbg kusciche, wba ihe khog eathtcaeaj kusci hs wgff hs spggib) dy survgycel h shkpfg papufhtcae ce h fhd-sthtg, h iruichf vhrchdfg aj tbht phrtciufhr iakkuecty cs tathffy clearg`.Pbht cs tbgcr iufturhf hu`ca-gxpasurg ta tbg, hs Ihlg ihffg` tbgk,  ue-cetge`g` saue`s  ar eae-`csiurscvg saearctcgs (tbht cs, tbg eacsgs, kusci,he` rbytbk aj tbg bhdctht ar tbg eae-`csiurscvg saue`s ce wbcib tbgphrtciufhr papufhtcae cebhdcts). Ct cs eat passcdfg ta lhulg tbg cetaeh-tcae phttgre aj h phrtciufhr spggibcel iakkuecty wctbaut eatcicel tbcs

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8> H egw sghribcel

iaetgxt-spgicicty aj uecetge`g` saue`s/eae-`csiurscvg saearctcgs.

•   Eaw, eae-iagricvg `chfalug wctbaut hey khecpufhtcae cs tathffy ckpas-scdfg. \bht ihe C `a1 Hih`gkci cetgrhitcaes hrg hfsa ckpasscdfg ce tbghlg aj ‖spgichfcsts‛. Ct cs dgttgr tckg jar kg hs C–k rgh`cel pagks aescfgeig dy Ce c̀he sudhftgre sibafhrs aj tbg kc``fg hlgs= Ohdcr (87 I)he` @h`u (8< I). Hphrt jrak Yhrtrg, \cttlgestgce, @grrc`h, C hk eawhfsa lacel tbraulb sakg ce`clgeaus waros ae scfgeig.

•   C stcff rgkgkdgr tbg rst fceg aj tbg sael suel dy h   Dhuf   ce h fa-ihf trhce, ‖\bge scfgeig wauf` swhffaw eae-scfgeig . . . ‛. Pbg saelwhs iakpasg` dy he cffctgrhtg pgrsae Fhfae (h shcet/dhuf, 83tb. I.

Dgelhf).   _Kctrh eatg` Dbhrht–s rgh`cel fcst? bg whs rgjgrrcel ta Y.E.Lhelufy–s Iufturg, Iakkuecihtcae he` Ycfgeig (^bcfasapby he` ^bg-eakgeafalcihf Tgsghrib, RRCR= 4. 83:2), Ybgjhfc Kactrh–s Jgkcecst tbaulbt, He`raigetrcsk, Iakkuecihtcae he` Admgitcvcty (4>>4) he` Ohfc`hs Dbhtthibhryh-Ybgjhfc Kactrh iarrgspae`geigs ae scfgeig[ 

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Iheta CZ

Tgkg`y1

CZ.8 Pbg uftckhtg `chleascs

Fgt kg tgff yau sakgtbcel hdaut Kctrh. Hjtgr rgh`cel Fhcel, bg aeig `g-vgfapg` h pgiufchr hpprahib ta bcs tbgrhpgutci praig`urgs. Bg prhitcig`hetc-psyibchtry he` tbge bg rgh`  Jauihuft–s waro ae kh`egss ’ hjtgr tbht,bg tureg` ta Fhiheche psyibahehfyscs he` bh` dgiakg h strael suppartgraj  Hsbcs Ehe`y.   Bg `c` eat dgfcgvg ce hdsafutg ‖sicgetci uecvgrshf trutb‛ar cetgrehtcaehf eark jar ihtglarczcel kgethf `csghsgs hs hiiar`cel ta bck,gvgrytbcel cs h rgprgsgethtcaehf jhit ’ jhits wgrg rgprgsgetg` hiiar`cel tbgpgrspgitcvg-`gpge`het pgrigptcaes aj bukhe adsgrvgr ce tbg iaetgxt aj igr-thce sphig he` tckg. \g hrg must pfhycel wctb aefy iaetcelget iaestruitg`‖trutbs‛.

Dbhrht he` Kctrh bh` sakg cetgrhitcvg iakphtcdcfcty. Kctrh oegw tbggpcstgkafalcihf pasctcae aj Dbhrht, hs tbgrg whs he hih`gkci kutuhf cetgf-fclcdcfcty ce dgtwgge tbgk. Kctrh whs gspgichffy cetgrgstg` ce Dbhrht–s hetc-Ibaksoche bypatbgscs ae  Ircppfg` Irghtcvcty .

Eaw ct whs h ture jar Kctrh ta `chleasg Dbhrht. Bg shc` ct cs rgpu`chtcae’ h ihsg aj rgmgitcae, eat aj rgprgsscae. Dbhrht whs rgmgitcel tbg getcrg syk-dafci ar`gr he` tbgrg whs ea vcscdfg kgthpbarci ar kgtaeykci suppfgkgetjar tbg bafg (tbg hdsgeig aj sykdafci ar`gr) tbht whs irghtg` ce bcs psyibg.Ct whs h iakpfgtg bafg wctbaut hey trhig aj sa ihffg` ‖earkhf‛ spghocel.Pbgrgjarg, tbaulb Kctrh ihtglarczg` ct hs  ^syibascs  ar jargifasurg jaffawcelFhihe, bg whetg` ta put tbg ehkg aj tbg `csghsg ue`gr grhsurg. Ehkcel `cs-ghsgs, tbg ihtglarczhtcaes, ar`gr aj tbcels ’ gvgrytbcel whs ue`gic`g`. Kctrhwhs sugrcel jrak hiutg hparch ’ bg whs fcvcel wctbce tbg (ue)trutb-raak aj 

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84 Tgkg`y1

`gic`hdfg ue`gic`hdfgs (jhits/itcae). Bg iauf` eat khog hey tapalrhpbcihf

khp aj Dbhrht–s kce`. \bht wauf` dg tbg rgkg`y tbge1

‖@ae–t `csturd Dbhrht–s trutb raak, bcs awe fcttfg dax aj scfgeig. Fghvgbck ce bcs awe trutb-raak. Fgt us try ta gercib bcs trutb-raak cestgh` aj ttcel bck ce h sa-ihffg` earkhf ^rairustrghe dg`‛, tbus spaog Kctrh.

CZ.4 Pbg uftckhtg rgkg`y1

H rgpra`uitcae aj Tykhe–s phcetcel (uetctfg` ) whs bhelcel ce tbg whff dy`gjghtcel tbg falci aj aptcis. Dbhrht whs scttcel dy grgitcel bcs spcehf iar`.H ehkgfgss du` whs put ce jraet aj bck.   Pbg Drheibgs 8 whs pfhyg` ce tbgI@. Yakgtckgs hjtgr, ct whs Dgrlkhe–s  Ycfgeig , wbcib whs sbawe ta Dbhrht.\bge Dhib–s  Laf`dgrl Zhrchtcae  whs pfhyg` ht tbg kakget aj fgsdche tge-scae dgtwgge twa scstgrs ce tbg fk, Dbhrht whs hitcvhtg`. Bg whs khsshlcelbcs drghsts, tbg rgsuft aj bcs h`afgsiget  Lyegiakhstch . Dbhrht tbge bullg`^heihmhec ce jraet aj Kctrh.  Ecgtzsibg hppghrg` ta bck ce tbg fk= rst, jartbg fcigesg` (ck)karhfcty `ug ta tbg `ghtb aj la` he` tbge jar tbg bcstarcihfiaestruitcae aj ‖sauf‛, ‖lbast‛, ‖spgitgr‛ ’ tbg ceegr sgfj ’ `ug ta cetgrehf-

czhtcae aj autsc`g tbrght he` vcafgeig. Pbg fhst war` aj tbg fk whs  bh`cgo ’ eaeg oegw tbht fheluhlg, bawgvgr wg wgrg taf` tbht tbg kghecel aj tbhtwar` whs sauf.

Ht tbcs kakget, Dbhrht bh` ibhelg` bcs scttcel pasctcae ’ bg whs oeggf-cel `awe ’ bcs pasturg whs must fcog he heckhf. Bg whs khsshlcel bcs drghsts.Jrustrhtg` ^heihmhec, `csturdg` dy Dbhrht–s hit, taao Kctrh ta heatbgr raakaj bgr fflht. ^heihmhec cs gxpgitcel h supgr-wakhe, h bgraceg jrak Kctrh.\bge tbgy hrg cevafvg` ce cetgriaursg, ^heihmhec bghr` h vacig ’ tbg vacigaj Drgibt–s Lhfcfga=  ‖Wejartuehtg cs tbg iauetry tbht egg`s h bgra ta dg rgs-

iug`‛. ^heihmhec rgjusg` ta phrtcicphtg jurtbgr . . . Pbg iakphtcdfg rbytbkdgtwgge Kctrh he` ^heihmhec whs draoge.

Kctrh tbge put h @Z@ aj  Icty Fclbts he` ht tbg kakget aj tbg fhst sigegaj tbg kavcg, wbge Ibhpfce dctcel tbg rasg-stcio whs rgialeczg` ce rgtraspgi-tcae dy tbg vcsuhffy iurg` fh`y, Kctrh hlhce pfhyg` Mabe–s Drheibgs ce tbgrgiar`gr. Dbhrht whs hstaecsbcelfy vcgwcel tbg dcl ifasg up aj Ibhpfce he`

8H Mabe Ihlg iakpasctcae `gvcsg` wctb tbg hc` aj tbg Ibcegsg   C-Ibcel , tbg Daao aj Ibhelgs, cevafvcel pfhets ta dg pfhyg`

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CZ.4 Pbg uftckhtg rgkg`y1 89

bghrcel tbg Drheibgs.

H iaevufscae aiiurrg` ce tbg da`y aj Dbhrht. Bg whs wctegsscel tbg du`’ tbht whs dfassakcel. Dbhrht whs bghrcel tbg saue`s aj dfassakcel. Bgwhs tbge bghrcel tbg sud-saeci saue`s . . . Bg whs sbautcel h war`, spbath (sakgtbcel gqucvhfget ta ‖sphro‛), h ogy tgrk ce   Dbhrtrcbhrc –s fcelucstcipbcfasapby.