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AUTHOR INDEX

AAdams, G., 82, 92Adorno, T. W., 99Alexander, M. A., 62, 70, 126Allport, G. W., 99, 100, 101Ambady, N., 50, 110Andreouli, E., 6Apfelbaum, E. P., 30, 50, 57, 87, 110,

112, 121, 144Aron, A., 164Awad, G. H., 32, 53, 107, 108, 136,

139, 150

BBachiochi, P. D., 109Banfield, J. C., 86, 87Banks, A. J., 160Barden, J., 100Bargh, J. A., 100Beachum, F. D., 120Bell, C., 160Bezrukova, K., 161, 162Bickel, L., 44Bilandzic, H., 160Binning, K. R., 131Blascovich, G. M., 104Block, C. J., 109

Blodorn, A., 90, 92, 104Bobocel, D. R., 90Bobo, L., 41, 60, 65, 66, 89, 154Bonilla-Silva, E., 8, 31, 36, 38, 39, 55,

59, 66, 68, 80, 116, 150Boutte, G. S., 121Bowman, N. A., 163Brader, T., 83, 88Branscombe, N. R., 82, 84, 90, 92, 94Brewer, M. B., 29, 100, 101Brigham, J. C., 54Brock, T. C., 160Brodish, A. B., 79Brown, D. L., 56, 57, 114Brown, M. K., 72n1Brown R., 101, 164Brunner, R. P., 79, 88, 160Buhrmester, M. D., 44Bulger, C. A., 109Burkard, A. W., 107Burrows, L., 100Busselle, R., 160

CCalder, B. J., 160Cameron, L., 164Campbell, D. T., 45, 99

© The Author(s) 2017P.J. Mazzocco, The Psychology of Racial Colorblindness,DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-59302-3

195

Campbell, M., 109Carr, L. G., 25n1, 30, 38,

59, 115, 141Carter, E. R., 81, 82, 86, 92Case, K. A., 84, 88, 162Casler, K., 44Chandler, J., 44Chao, R. C. L., 114Chen, M., 100Chernyak-Hai, L., 87, 94Chow, R. M., 34, 57Chrobot-Mason, D., 132Cokley, K., 32Constantine, M. G., 114Cook, K. J., 8Correll, J., 33, 48, 56, 103,

107, 111Crisp, R. J., 164Critcher, C. R., 88Crocker, J., 64Croll, P. R., 81Crosby, F., 143

DDarby, D., 90Davis, B. W., 8, 122, 164Davis, T., 53, 120, 162Devine, P. G., 67, 100, 143Dickter, C. L., 54, 108Diem, S., 120Dietrich, D., 31Di Leone, B. A. L., 57Doan, B., 30, 114Donnelly, D. A., 133Douch, R., 164Dover, T. L., 8, 130, 132Dovidio, J. F., 67, 86, 87, 100,

136, 149Du Bois, W. E. B., 18Dunton, B. C., 143

EEhrlinger, J., 78Eibach, R. P., 80, 90Eibach, S. R., 78Embrick, D. G., 31, 39Escalas, J. E., 160Esses, V. M., 86

FFairlie, R. W., 62Fazio, R. H., 67, 143Feagin, J. R., 68, 72n1Fiske, S. T., 171Flores, L. Y., 114Foley, L., 8Forbes, C., 63Forman, T. A., 30, 31, 36, 66, 107,

116, 139Frankenberg, R., 30Fraser, J., 81, 89Fryberg, S. A., 30, 115, 116Fu, M., 163

GGaertner, S. L., 30, 67, 100, 101,

136, 149Galinsky, A. D., 58, 106, 107Gallagher, C. A., 8, 31, 36, 59Garcia, A. L., 104Gerrig, R. J., 160Gerteis, 55, 81, 137Gilbert, D. T., 100Glazer, N., 23, 24Glick, P., 171Gocha, A. J., 128Goff, P. A., 57, 112Gooden, M. A., 8Good, G. E., 114Goren, M. J., 56

196 AUTHOR INDEX

Gosling, S. D., 44Green, D. P., 166Green, M. C., 160Gregg, P. B., 164Grunberg, R., 87Gushue, G. V., 114Gutierrez, A. S., 29, 104,

107, 139

HHachfeld, A., 56, 122Hacker, A., 72n1, 115Hackett, E., 44Hahn, A., 56, 107, 108, 172, 173Halevy, N., 87Handy, P. E., 55Haney-Lopez, I. F., 8, 123Hartmann, 55, 81, 137Heath, C., 160Heilman, M. E., 109Hewes, D. E., 164Hewstone, M., 101Hixon, J. G., 100Hodson, G., 86Hogan, C. M., 34Holme, J. J., 120Holoien, D. S., 48, 112Holthouse, D., 65Hopkins, M., 84Houh, E., 109Howarth, C., 6Hudak, J., 70Hughes, M., 61, 89, 93, 94Hunt, M. O., 81, 89Ito, T. A., 101Iuzzini, J., 84

IIyer, A., 143

JJackman, M. R., 94Jackson, M. C., 57Jacoby, T., 39Jansen, S, 8, 56,

130, 132Jehn, K. A., 162Johns, M., 63Johnson, A., 8, 12, 17, 19, 20,

21, 23, 54, 114, 124Johnston, M. P., 136Jones, 30, 115Jones, N., 160Judd, C. M., 100, 101, 108

KKahneman, D., 91Kaiser, C. R., 8, 78, 85, 88, 92, 94,

121, 160Kang, S., 87Kanny, M. A., 136Karafantis, D. M., 48, 56,

103, 107, 137Kardes, F. R., 67Kawakami, K., 67, 100Keegan, T., 80Kelley, R. D. G., 153Kernahan, C., 53, 162Kick, E., 81, 89Kinder, D. R., 66, 80, 94Klineberg, S. L., 141Kluegel, J. R., 61, 66, 80, 89Knowles, E. D., 34, 37, 41, 42, 43, 57,

58, 116, 142, 168Knox, S., 107Koenig, A. M., 172Kravitz, D. A., 109, 141Kruglanski, A. W., 144Krysan, M., 65Kwang, T., 44

AUTHOR INDEX 197

LLadson-Billings, G., 123Lambe, S. A., 30Langrehr, K. J., 8, 55Leach, C. W., 143Leary, J. D., 64Lee, J., 63Leonardelli, G. J., 131Lerner, M., 141Lesane-Brown, C. L., 121Leslie, L. M., 109Levin, S., 29, 49, 56, 106, 107, 142Levy, S. R., 29, 30, 57, 153Lewandowski, G. W., 48Lewis, A., 31, 39Lewis, A. E., 120, 121, 139Lewis, J. A., 53Loewen, J. W., 17Lopez-Robertson, J., 121Lowery, B. S., 34Lucas, J. A., 109

MMaddox, K. B., 87, 90Madon, S., 101Major, B., 64, 104Malle, B. F., 94Manning, A., 55, 137Markoe, S. L., 54Markus, H. R., 121, 122Massey, M. R., 72n1Mayer, D. M., 109Mazzocco, P. J., 7, 30, 34, 42, 43, 57,

59, 60, 74, 76, 77, 79, 82, 83, 88,93, 108, 116, 137, 138, 139,145, 159, 160, 170

McConahay, J. B., 32, 53, 66, 80,94, 150

McIntosh, P., 64, 75, 171McLaughlin-Volpe, T., 164McNamee, L. G., 65

Meeussen, L., 56, 57, 130,133, 139

Micheaux, D. J., 8Miller, C. T., 121Miller, D., 141Miller, D. L., 45, 80, 93, 143Miller, N., 29, 100Modica, M., 120, 121Morrison, K. R., 48, 50, 104, 107Moskowitz, G. B., 99Moss, I., 57Murphy, M. C., 81, 82, 86, 92Museus, S. D., 30Myrdal, G., 18, 19

NNeblett, E. W., 121, 136Nelson, A. R., 62Nelson, J., 82Nelson, J. C., 82, 89, 92Neuberg, S. L., 144Neville, H. A., 8, 30, 32, 36, 52, 53,

54, 59, 108, 114, 116, 132, 136,139, 141, 150, 166

Newsom, J. T., 144Nichols, A. H., 57Nordstrom, A. H., 162, 163Norton, M. I., 30, 37, 57, 82, 86, 91,

105, 106, 107, 110, 127Nussbaum, R. J., 37, 48, 103, 107,

118n2, 151

OOatley, K., 160Offermann, L. R., 54, 136Oh, E., 114, 116Oliver, M. B., 153Onwuachi-Willig, A., 109Otten, S., 56, 99Outten, H. R., 104

198 AUTHOR INDEX

PPahlke, E., 122Paluck, E. L., 166Paolacci, G., 44Park, B., 33, 100, 101, 108Pauker, K., 50, 57, 112, 122, 136Payne, B. K., 67Peery, D., 123, 128Peña, J., 65Perry, J. L., 162Peterson, B. L., 65Pettigrew, T. F., 164Phalet, K., 56Phillips, K. W., 131Pierre-Louis, J., 48Pizzolato, J. E., 136Plant, E. A., 143Plaut, V. C., 6, 48, 49, 56, 57,

58, 104, 115, 129, 130,131, 132, 133

Pollock, M., 120, 121Ponterotto, J. G., 53Poteat, V. P., 53, 114Powell, A. A., 84, 92, 93, 143Powell, M. C., 67Powers-Costello, E., 121Pratto, F., 41, 84, 94, 139, 142Provine, D. M., 70Purdie-Vaughns, V., 30, 49,

90, 131, 133

RRamasubramanian, S., 153Rank, M. R., 62Rattan, A., 110Ravitch, J., 32Richeson, J. A., 37, 48, 103, 107,

118n2, 151, 172Risen, J. L., 88Rist, R. C., 119, 120Rivas-Drake, D., 121

Robinson, R., 18, 64Roediger, D. R., 64Ropp, S. A., 164Rosenthal, L., 29, 30, 57, 139, 153Rosette, A. S., 131Rothenberg, P. S., 64Rutland, A., 164Ryan, C. S., 37, 56, 107, 108, 137

SSaguy, T., 87, 94, 136Salter, P. S., 82Sanbonmatsu, D. M., 67Sanchez-Burks, J., 130Sanchez, D. T., 55, 130Sanford, R. N., 14, 123Sasaki, S. J., 48, 113Sasota, J. A., 160Schiappa, E., 164Schiffhauer, K., 84Schlesinger, T., 126Schmader, T., 63Schmitt, M., 82Schmitt, M. T., 84, 104Schofield, J. W., 8, 120, 121Schultz, J. R., 87, 90Schuman, H., 65, 89Sears, D. O., 66, 80, 94Shah, H., 8Shapiro, T. M., 62Shelton, J. N., 48, 104, 112Sherif, M., 99, 104Sidanius, J., 41, 94, 141Siegel, R. B., 123Slater, M. D., 160Slaughter, J. E., 109Smedley, B. D., 62Smith, E. R., 61, 89Smith, J. A., 33Smith, J. L., 63Smith, R A., 66

AUTHOR INDEX 199

Sommers, S. R., 30, 50, 82, 86, 91, 127Son Hing, L. S., 90, 142Spanierman, L. B., 30, 53, 114, 166Spell, C. S., 162Spitzer, B., 57Stallworth, L. M., 94Stathi, S., 164Steeh, C., 65, 89Steele, C. M., 121Steele, D. M., 121Stephens, N. M., 30, 115, 116Stepney, C. T., 55, 136Sternberg, E., 160Stevens, F. G., 130, 133Stewart, A. I., 84, 94, 139Stewart, T. L., 93Stith, A. Y., 62Sue, S., 8, 114Suizzo, M., 122Sundstrom, W. A., 62Swim, J. K., 45, 80,

93, 143

TTajfel, H., 99, 101Tarca, K., 120, 121Testa, M., 64Tettegah, S. Y., 107Thernstrom, A., 39Thernstrom, S., 39Thomas, K. M., 56, 132Todd, A. R., 58, 106, 107Torino, G. C., 163Tormala, T. T., 92Tropp, L. R., 164Tuch, S. A., 61, 89, 93, 94Turner, J. C., 99Turner, R., 8, 123, 128Turner, R. N., 164Tversky, A., 91Tynes, B. M., 54

UUmaña-Taylor, A. J., 121Unzueta, M. M., 29, 48, 104, 107,

131, 139Urland, G. R., 101

VValentino, N. A., 83, 88, 160van Ausdale, D., 8Vargas, N., 57Verkuyten, M., 33, 151, 152Voelkl, K., 64Vorauer, J. D., 48, 113

WWang, J., 160Wang, Y. F., 114Webster, D. M., 144Wei, M., 114Welton, A. D., 120, 121Wilkins, C. L., 85, 91, 92, 94Williams, D. J., 8, 54, 114Wise, T., 115Wolsko, C., 29, 37, 48, 49, 50, 102,

103, 107, 108, 151, 169Worthington, R. L., 54Wright, S. C., 164

YYamagami, M., 8Yancy, G., 155Ybarra, O., 48Yee, A. L., 30Yehuda, R., 64

ZZanna, M. P., 90Zou, L. X., 54, 108Zuriff, G. E., 4

200 AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

AAffirmative action, 5, 17, 21–22, 23, 24,

31, 32, 36, 38, 40–43, 52, 54, 59,61, 66, 77, 81, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91,93, 97, 98, 108, 109, 116, 117,124–126, 136, 141, 142, 150,152–154, 160, 161, 171

All-inclusive multiculturalism, 130,131, 133, 169, 174

All Lives Matter movement, 167, 170Amendments to the Constitution

Fifteenth, 15Fourteenth, 15Thirteenth, 15

Assimilation, 29, 101, 151–153, 172Assimilation model, 18, 29Attributional ambiguity (and social

feedback), 64Aversive racism, 149

BBacon, Nathaniel, see Bacon’s

RebellionBacon’s Rebellion, 12, 140Belief in a just world, 53, 140–141Benevolent racism, 153–154Black Codes, 16, 22

Black Lives Matter movement, 2, 167,173

Blatant prejudice/racism, 39, 65–66,170

Brown vs. Board of Education, 17, 19,69, 124

CChoice egalitarianism, 88, 89–91City of Richmond vs. J.A. Croson

Co., 125Civil Rights, 5, 16, 18–21, 23, 24, 70,

78, 83, 115, 150Civil Rights Act (1964), 19, 20, 23, 24Civil War, 14–15, 68, 69, 93, 123CoBRAS, see Colorblind Racial

Attitudes ScaleColorblindness, 4–6

alternatives to, 169chronic vs. temporary, 168data-driven conceptions, 31derivations of, 29–31history, 23–25inductions/manipulations, 48–51measures of, 51–58popularity of, 33, 49researcher definitions, 28, 30in specific situations, 148

© The Author(s) 2017P.J. Mazzocco, The Psychology of Racial Colorblindness,DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-59302-3

201

Colorblind Racial Attitudes Scale, 32,36, 53–55, 108, 116, 132,136–139, 141, 150, 166, 167

Color-blind racial ideology, 30, 33Colorblind Racism (Bonilla-Silva), 31,

32, 36, 38, 55, 80, 150Common ingroup identity model, 30Connerly, Ward, 5Constitution, see U.S. ConstitutionContact hypothesis, 164Criminal justice system, 127

DDemocratic Party, 21Demographic correlates, 135–140

age, 137–138gender, 138–139geography, 140race, 135–137socio-economic status, 139–140

Desire for cognitivesimplicity, 144–145

Disparities-focused model(DFM), 60–61, 73, 76, 78, 88,94, 97, 158, 159, 161, 171, 174

Diversity interventions, 161–164Dred Scott vs. Sanford, 123Dubois, W.E.B., 18, 64

EEducational colorblindness, 119–123,

129Effect of racial colorblindness, see

Impact of racial colorblindness

FFour-variety model, 34–46, 167–168

antagonistic colorblindness, 38–39,167

egalitarian colorblindness, 37–38, 165

prior evidence for, 41protectionistic

colorblindness, 35–37, 166visionary colorblindness, 39–40,

165–166

GGarvey, Marcus, 18Gender blindness, 170–173Glazer, Nathan, 23, 24Goldwater, Barry, 21, 141Gratz vs. Bollinger, 125Grutter vs. Bollinger, 126

HHarlan, John Marshall (U.S. Supreme

Court Justice), 16, 23, 115

IImpact of racial colorblindness, 107

role of ethnicidentification, 104–105

role of intergorup threat, 103–104role of outgroup

stereotypicality, 104role of social dominance

orientation, 41–42Implicit (vs. explicit) racism, 59,

66–68, 80, 120Induction

as scientific consensus, 103as an organizational policy, 49, 50basic issues relating to, 51–52of colorblindness, 48–51via a colorblind role model, 50

Interactional colorblindness, 114Intergroup conflict/threat, 33

202 SUBJECT INDEX

JJim Crow Era, 16, 22, 64Johnson, Lyndon, 8, 17, 19, 20, 21,

23, 54, 114, 124

KKennedy, John F., 20King, Martin Luther, Jr., 4, 5, 6, 21,

22, 24, 39Ku Klux Klan, 5, 15, 38

LLaissez-faire racism, 66, 154Legal colorblindness, 123–129Lincoln, Abraham, 15, 24

MManipulation of colorblindness, see

Induction, of colorblindnessMeasurement

basic issues relating to, 51–52behavioral or choice-based

measures, 56categorization-task measures, 56colorblind inventories, 52–56of colorblindness, 52endorsement of colorblind

sentiments, 56open ended-measures, 56support for colorblind policies, 56

Meritocracy, 31, 81, 84, 88–90,141–142

Minimal group paradigm, 99, 101Minority stigmatization, 108–109,

166Missouri Compromise, 14Modern racism, 32, 36, 53, 66, 92, 94,

150, 163Modern/Symbolic Racism, 66,

150–151

Motivation to controlprejudice, 143–144

Multiculturalism, 33, 48, 87, 102,104, 106, 107, 113, 129, 130,131, 132, 133, 136, 151–153,169, 170, 174

Mutual differentiation model, 101Myrdal, Gunnar, 18, 19

NNADIR, 15–17Nadir (of race relations), 17Narrative persuasion, 160–161Need for closure, 144Nixon, Richard, 21, 70

OOld-Fashioned Prejudice/Racism, see

Blatant prejudice/racismOld-Fashioned Racism, 149Opportunity Gaps, ignorance, 81–88

advantage, 84–85opportunity, 81–88trends over time, 82–84

Organizationalcolorblindness, 129–133

PParents Involved in Community Schools

vs. Seattle School District No.1, 128

Perceptions of racial inequality, seeRacial inequality perceptions

Perceptions of racial opportunity gaps,see Racial opportunity gapperceptions

Personalization model, 29Personal need for structure, 144

SUBJECT INDEX 203

Plessy vs. Ferguson, 16, 23, 69,115, 124

Police shootings, 2, 3Political ideology, 141Polyculturalism, 151–153,

169, 174Post-racialism, 151Post-traumatic slave syndrome, 64Preference for Meritocracy, see

MeritocracyPrinciple-implementation gap, 89Pseudo-contact, 164

RRace no longer matters, 36, 59, 116Racial categorization, 98, 135

automaticity of, 100implicit bias, 67, 73

Racial Colorblindness, seeColorblindness

Racial Identification, 85, 91, 92, 122,132, 144

strength of, 145Racial inequalities, 61–65

acknowledged, 61perceptions, 61quantifiable inequalities, 61–63subjective, 63–65

Racial inequality perceptionsimpact of exemplars, 78–79past vs. future framing, 78present-day, 73–76progress over time, 78–80relationship with White guilt, 93zero-sum thinking, 91

Racial opportunity gap perceptions, 81Racial opportunity gaps, 30, 59,

60, 81attributions for inequalities, 88–89framing of opportunity gaps, 84–85historical ignorance, 85, 88–89

ignorance of White privilege, 75–76,80, 83

perceptions of ongoing racism, 85progress over time, 76–80types of racism, 85–87

Reconstruction, 15–17, 124Republican Party, 21, 24Ricci vs. DeStefano, 128Rice, Tamir, 1–4

SSelf-esteem, 91, 92, 100, 121, 140,

145Slavery, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22,

64, 160Casor, John, 12chattel slavery, 12Punch, John, 11

Social category blindness, 170–173Social dominance orientation, 41–42,

94, 106, 142Social identity theory, 99, 100Societal colorblindness, 115, 117Southern Strategy, 21, 141Stereotype threat, 63Structural racism, 68–72

and college legacy programs, 68and educational segregation, 68and the War on Drugs, 70

Sundown Towns, 17Supreme Court, see U.S. Supreme

CourtSymbolic racism, see Modern racismSystemic racism, see Structural racism

TTaney, Roger (U.S. Supreme Court

Justice), 14Three-fifths Compromise, 13Till, Emmett, 19Transportation imagery model, 160

204 SUBJECT INDEX

UUniversity of California Regents vs.

Bakke, 125U.S. Constitution, 23, 115U.S. Supreme Court, 14, 16, 19,

23, 68, 70, 115,123–125, 127

US vs. Reese, 124

VVoting Rights Act (1965), 19, 20, 23

WWar on Drugs, see Structural racismWashington, Booker T., 18White flight, 19, 21White privilege, 32, 36, 37, 45, 52, 64,

75, 76, 80–84, 85, 88, 92–94,125, 136, 140, 142–145,162, 163, 166

ZZero-sum thinking, 91

SUBJECT INDEX 205