The Protestant Reformation

Chapter 12 Sections 3 and 4

Lesson Objectives

181. Describe the factors that set the stage for the Protestant Reformation.

182. Explain how the Protestant Reformation is spread by the ideas of Martin Luther.

183. Describe the ideas of John Calvin and define predestination.

181. Describe the factors that set the stage for the Protestant Reformation.

Church Abuses

• The Popes of the Catholic Church had become heavily involved in political affairs.

• The Popes lived lavish lifestyles.• Charged fees for administering sacraments;

baptism, marriage, etc. • Indulgences- people would pay in order to

spend less time in purgatory waiting to go to heaven.

182. Explain how the Protestant Reformation is spread by the ideas of Martin Luther.

Martin Luther: Catalyst of Change

Martin Luther

• German monk and professor.

• Became disillusioned with the corruption in the Catholic Church.

• Led a revolt against the Catholic Church.

Writing the 95 Theses

• In 1517 a priest in Wittenberg, Germany sold indulgences to rebuild a cathedral.

• These indulgences would send anyone who purchased them a direct route to heaven along with all of their family.

• Martin Luther argued indulgences had no place in the Catholic Church.

• Christians could be saved only through faith.

Igniting a Firestorm

• Copies of the 95 Theses were distributed throughout Europe. (Printing Press)

• He was excommunicated by the Pope in 1521.

• The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V summoned him to a diet, “day of meeting”, at Worms.

• He was declared an outlaw by the Emperor but had many followers.

Luther’s Teachings

• Salvation is achieved through faith.

• Accepts some of the sacraments and rejects others.

• No Pope- elected councils instead.

• The Bible alone was the source of truth.

• People read and interpret the Bible for themselves.

Luther’s Ideas Spread

• Printing Press- spread Luther’s ideas quickly and effectively.

• Some German princes supported Luther. Why?

1. Liked his ideas2. Wanted to reduce power of the Church over

them.3. Wanted to take Church lands.

The Peace of Augsburg

• Charles V tried to force German princes back into the Catholic Church.

• Fought wars over religion.

• 1555- signed the Peace of Augsburg- allowed nobles to decide what religion their kingdom would follow; Catholicism or Lutheranism.

183. Describe the ideas of John Calvin and define predestination.

John Calvin in Switzerland

• Trained as a priest and lawyer.

• Preached predestination- the idea that God had long ago predetermined who would achieve salvation (go to heaven).

• Two kinds of people– Saints – Sinners

Predestination

England- Henry VIII• The reformation spread to

England.• Changes were sought for

much different reasons in England than in Germany with Martin Luther.

• Henry VIII wanted to be able to get a divorce, which the Catholic Church would not allow. (he had 6 wives overall)

• So he broke away from the Catholic Church and started his own church named the Anglican Church. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb4j29Ab

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Spread of Protestantism