The Progressives and the

Presidents 1900-1912

KC 7.1 Part I-II

Mr. Buttell WBHS –

APUSH

Muckrackers

Goo

Goos

Temperance

Suffragettes

Populists

Midclass

Women

Labor

Unions

Civil

Rights

The Muckrakers Jacob Riis – How the

Other Half Lives Lincoln Steffens – The

Shame of the Cities Ida Tarbell – The

Standard Oil Company

Upton Sinclair – The Jungle

David Phillips – The Treason of the Senate

Progressive Objectives

*Direct primary elections*“Initiative”, “Referendum”, & “Recall”*17th Amendment – 1913*Woman Suffrage*City-Manager System – Galveston, TX model

Teddy

Roose

velt

&

the S

quare

D

eal

“Square Deal”

• Square Deal for Capital, Labor, and the Public at Large

• The three C’s: Control of the corporations, Consumer Protection, and Conservation of natural resources

“MY Policies”

• Northern Securities Case, 1901

• Anthracite Coal Strike, 1902

• Railway Regulation (Interstate Commerce Commission)

(Elkins &Hepburn Acts)• Consumer Protection

(Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act)

• Conservation Program – The Newlands Act 1902 (irrigation projects) Roosevelt Dam 1911 on the Salt River, AZ

1908

Handpic

ked

Ple

ase

, N

ot

Again

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/ElectoralCollege1908-Large.png

Taft’s Policies

• Payne-Aldrich Tariff: Led to split in Republican party and Wilson win

• Dollar Diplomacy: American stability abroad

• Speaker of the House Fight:

Uncle Joe’ Cannon versus “The Insurgents”

• Anti-Trust: Standard Oil Supreme Court Case

Keepthe

Whistle

Blowing

Keepthe

Whistle

Blowing

Taft was Taft was determined to determined to defeat TR and preserve the defeat TR and preserve the conservative heart of the Republican conservative heart of the Republican Party.Party.

Come, Mr. President. You Can’t Have

the Stage ALL of the Time!

Come, Mr. President. You Can’t Have

the Stage ALL of the Time!

Republican Party Platform

Republican Party PlatformHigh import tariffs.High import tariffs.

Put limitations on female and child Put limitations on female and child labor.labor.

WorkmanWorkman’’s Compensation Laws.s Compensation Laws.

Against initiative, referendum, and Against initiative, referendum, and recall.recall.

Against Against ““badbad”” trusts. trusts.

Creation of a Federal Trade Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.Commission.

Stay on the gold standard.Stay on the gold standard.

Conservation of natural resources Conservation of natural resources because they are finite.because they are finite.

The GOPAfterthe

Circus

The GOPAfterthe

CircusTR TR The Republican The Republican

Party must stand for Party must stand for the rights of the rights of humanity, or else it must stand for humanity, or else it must stand for special privilege.special privilege.

The Progressive

Party &Former

President Theodore Roosevelt

The Progressive

Party &Former

President Theodore Roosevelt

People should risePeople should riseabove their sectarianabove their sectarianinterests to promote the general good.interests to promote the general good.

Theodore Roosevelt atOsawatomie, KS: New Nationalism

Theodore Roosevelt atOsawatomie, KS: New Nationalism

Big business requires big Big business requires big government.government.

The “Bull

Moose”Party:The

LatestArrivalat the

Political Zoo

The “Bull

Moose”Party:The

LatestArrivalat the

Political Zoo

We stand at We stand at Armageddon, Armageddon,

and we battle for the and we battle for the Lord!Lord!

ONWARD, CHRISTIAN ONWARD, CHRISTIAN SOLDIERS!SOLDIERS!

Progressive Party Platform

Progressive Party PlatformWomenWomen’’s suffrage.s suffrage.

Graduated income tax.Graduated income tax.

Inheritance tax for the rich.Inheritance tax for the rich.

Lower tariffs.Lower tariffs.

Limits on campaign Limits on campaign spending.spending.

Currency reform.Currency reform.

Minimum wage laws.Minimum wage laws.

Social insurance.Social insurance.

Abolition of child labor.Abolition of child labor.

WorkmenWorkmen’’s compensation.s compensation.

NNeeww

NNaattiioonnaalliissmm

NNeeww

NNaattiioonnaalliissmm

The Socialist Party

& Eugene V. Debs

The Socialist Party

& Eugene V. Debs

The issue is Socialism The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I for Socialism because I am for humanity.am for humanity.

“The Working Class Candidates”

“The Working Class Candidates”

Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President for Vice-President

Socialist Party PlatformSocialist Party Platform

Government ownership of Government ownership of railroads and utilities.railroads and utilities.

Guaranteed income tax.Guaranteed income tax.

No tariffs.No tariffs.

8-hour work day.8-hour work day.

Better housing.Better housing.

Government inspection of Government inspection of factories.factories.

WomenWomen’’s suffrage.s suffrage.

The Democratic Party &Governor Woodrow

Wilson (NJ)

The Democratic Party &Governor Woodrow

Wilson (NJ)

Could he Could he rescue the rescue the Democratic Democratic Party from Party from ““BryanismBryanism””????

The ReformGoverno

rof NJ:

It TakesTime

to Remove

the Grime

The ReformGoverno

rof NJ:

It TakesTime

to Remove

the Grime

Democratic Party Platform

Democratic Party PlatformGovernment control of the Government control of the

monopolies monopolies trusts in general were bad trusts in general were bad eliminate them!! eliminate them!!

Tariff reduction.Tariff reduction.

Direct election of Senators.Direct election of Senators.

Create a Department of Labor.Create a Department of Labor.

Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.Trust Act.

Did NOT support womenDid NOT support women’’s s suffrage.suffrage.

Opposed to a central bank.Opposed to a central bank.

NNeeww

FFrreeeeddoomm

NNeeww

FFrreeeeddoomm

The “Seas” [of Opportunity]

Open Up for the Democrats

The “Seas” [of Opportunity]

Open Up for the Democrats

As Big As a BalloonAs Big As a Balloon

Tariff ReformTariff Reform

The Unanswerable Argument for Suffrage

The Unanswerable Argument for Suffrage

Never Again!Never Again!

Taft Abandons Support for WomenTaft Abandons Support for Women’’s s SuffrageSuffrage

TR&

Women’sSuffrage

:

The Militant Recruit

TR&

Women’sSuffrage

:

The Militant Recruit

Woman Suffrage Before 1920

Woman Suffrage Before 1920

Lynching

& theRaceIssue

Lynching

& theRaceIssue

Trying to Catch the Black Vote

Trying to Catch the Black Vote

Mr. Lewis Gets His Share

Mr. Lewis Gets His Share

Election ResultsElection Results

By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.1908.

The 1912 election marked the apogee of The 1912 election marked the apogee of the Socialist movement in America.the Socialist movement in America.

GOP Divided by Bull Moose

Equals Democratic Victory!

GOP Divided by Bull Moose

Equals Democratic Victory!

On Uncle Sam’s FarmOn Uncle Sam’s Farm

The Democratic party took control of The Democratic party took control of the Senate for the first time in 20 the Senate for the first time in 20 years.years.

TheGOP:

AnExtinctAnimal

?

TheGOP:

AnExtinctAnimal

?

Triple Wall of Privilege

• Wilson goes after the tariff, the banks, and the trusts

• Underwood Tariff Bill• 16th Amendment =

graduated income tax

Federal Reserve Act, 1913

• 12 Regional Reserve banks

• Board appointed by president

• Bankers’ banks• Issue paper currency

backed by promissory notes (quick way to print money)

President Tames the Trust

• Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 = crush monopolies, root out unfair trade pract.

• Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 = Exempt labor from anti-trust prosecution, legalized strikes/picketing