The President's Report 1953-54 THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

THE

P re s i d e n t’s Report

1 9 5 3 - 5 4

T H E U N I V E R S I T Y OF B R I T I S H COLUMBIA

VANCOUVER, C A N A D A , 1 9 5 5

~

\

11000

10000

9000

7000

6WO

5000

4000

3000

PAST AND PREDICTED ENROLMENTS

(Winter Sessions)

t t t

2 ~ r p 194546 .......................... 6632 195556 ................... 6250 ........................ 194647 8741 I ........................ 6510

19474 9371 I . . . . . . . . . . . . a 9 0 194849 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8810 I . . . . . . . . . . ,~.7Mo 194940. 7572 I .................... 7730 1930-51 6432 I .................... a w o IPS1 -.z ......................... 5548 I ....................... 11660

~. 2538 19525 5355 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1953.54 35w t . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1914.45 1954.55 ~ ~~. SPDO I 10

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

................... ....................... ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1943.44 . ~ . . ~

. . . . . . .

To the Board of Governors and Senate of

The University of British Columbia

Ladies and Gentlemen,

As you are all too well aware from your meetings, a great massof detailed educational business is transacted each year in theUniversity, but even in a raPidly develoPing and e,:panding ,U ni~er-sity such as ours, the basic problems and opportunItIes rema~n faIrlyconstant. Only a relatively few major developments differentIate yearfrom year. Sound teaching, painstaking investigation, useful educa-tional services to the community, and thorough and critical examina-tion of future Plans and projects; these make up the basic annualal:tivity. It is for this reason that I have in recent years formed thehabit of reporting very briefly on the normal year's activities, andhave prefaced each report by attempting to describe the progressmade or the problems faced in some specific aspect of the University'swork over a number of years.

This year I have discussed at some length the University'sStudent Aid Programme. I have done this largely because of thecurrent discussions about the critical shortage of trained persons inseTJeral of the professions and about the numbers and kinds of peoPlewho should be making ttp these shortages.

I feel very strongly that Canada must have a: comprehensivenational scholarship programme as imagirzatively designed as wasthe Veterans' Educational Aid programme if we are to continue tosupport the current rate of national development. I think: there ismuch in the picture of this University's Student Aid Programme togive cause for qualified satisfaction, but there is also much to under-line the continuing need.

I would like to express on behalf of the students, faculty, alumniand the community at large a word of appreciation for the servicethe Board and Senate members voluntarily render to the University,and to add a special word of thanks to the Chancellor, BrigadierSherwood Lett, for his continued and inTJaluable service to theUniversity and to Canada.

President.

President's Report For September, 1953 to August, 1954

To maintain the present rate of Canadian develop- ment, Canadian universities must meet the need for the vastly increased numbers of protessionally trained and well- educated men and women that our complex society and complicated technolog'y have made necessary. We must meet this need or slow down the rate of development. T o meet the need it will be necessary to make it possible for as many of our young men and women to come to university as are qualified and want to. We are not meeting the need now, and we are also not yet getting all those in the high schools who are best equipped for higher education. Because the shortages of well qualified teachers, engineers, dentists and other professionals have been much debated during the past year, I thought it might be useful to summarize at the outset of this report what this university has done, with the generous help of benefactors, over the past few years to help bring a university education more within the range of the best qualified of our young people.

Aid to students takes many forms: prizes, scholarships. bursaries or loans; the provision of inexpensive board and lodging; payment for part time manual employment; and payment for teaching assistantships. The universities them- selves cannot create money to help those who need help, but they can take the initiative by drawing attention to the need and soliciting the support of industry, commerce, vol- untary associations, private individuals and government. At this university we are fortunate in having a very active and imaginative Committee on Prizes, Scholarships, Burs-

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aries & Loans under the chairmanship of Dean Walter Gage, and that Committee has been fortunate in receiving very widespread support from the community. A most im- portant feature of that support - apart from the money collected and made available-is the evidence it provides of public concern that the opportunities for higher education shall be brought within the means of the best qualified. On behalf of the University and the student recipients I would like to say a wholehearted word of thanks to our generous benefactors who have made the following table of awards possible in the amounts indicated.

PRIZES, SCHOLARSHIPS, BURSARIES 4 N D LOANS MADE AVAILABLE T O ST'UDENTS

DURING 1953-54

TYPE OF ASSISTANCE

Dominion-Provincial Aid ............ University Scholarships and

Bursaries established by Benefactors ................................

University .................................. Other Awards paid through the

Awards made outside the

Assistance from Dept. of Veterans' Affairs and defense training programmes .............................

Miscellaneous Assistance .............

University .................................

Loans through University . . . . . . . . . .

No. OF TOTAL AWARDS ASSISTANCE

(THOUSANDS) 417 $ 82.2

87 1 149.0

28 6.2

35 5.3

139 40.1 21 4.8

422 86.9

1933 $374.5

2

In some cases, two awards, or even more, were made tothe same student. If we make allo,vance for such overlaps,and add in a few other sources not administered by theUniversity, there would emerge a figure of no fewer than1600 students-out of a total enrollment of 5500-sharingsome $450,000 in these forms of assistance during the aca-demic year which we are considering. This figure, I feel,is very impressive in itself, but it becomes even more sowhen it is realized that in the academic year 1948-49, justseven years ago, the University's funds for awards and loanswere approximately $200,000, or less than half their sizetoday. Of course, not all of this increase represents a cleargain to the students, as the costs of food, transport, booksand accommodation have increased rapidly in the sameperiod of seven years, and it is not yet adequate to meet theneed. Nevertheless, the increase is very considerable andmost encouraging.

Loans

I am particularly anxious to draw attention to the Uni-versity loan funds, which, as the above table suggests, wereused by some 400 students to borrow about $200 each. Thepermanent, revolving funds from which such loans aremade now totals some $217,000, having grown in seven yearsfrom only $37,000. The recent record of repayment onloans-though we have no collecting agency-is goodenough, I am proud to say, to be the envy of finance com-panies. Students do appreciate their opportunities, andrepay in full as soon as they can.

Dominion-Provincial Aid

The table above will also indicate the importance ofthe Dominion-Provincial student aid programme. We aremuch beholden to the provincial Department of Education

and the federal Department of Labour for keeping thissource of student help in existence and for their continuedwillingness to contribute to it. It would be disastrous ifthis source of aid should be permitted to disappear beforethe federal government, in conjunction with the provinces,has made provision for the establishment of a system ofnational scholarships, bursaries and loans on a scale com-mensurate with the ~ational need for professional andskilled technical services. National scholarships have beenunder consideration by the federal government for sometwo years, but as yet no final decision has been reached.

I am hopeful that action will be taken because theneed to increase the flow of professional skills has a directrelationship to the rate of national development, and weat=e already feeling the shortage of professional skills in anumber of critical areas.

Scholarships and Bursaries

As may also be seen from the table, a large part of theremainder of our funds is provided by the generosity ofdonors on a fairly permanent basis, though each year thereare some awards which lapse or are withdra,vn, and otherswhich are established for the first time. These funds alsohave more than doubled in the past seven years. In theopinion of the University scholarship committee, the out-standing need now is for funds which can be used freely,without restrictions as to the field of study, faculty, residenceor age of students. While it is easy to understand that somedonors may wish to help students with whose needs oraspirations they are particularly in sympathy, experiencehas shown us that the fewer the restrictions, the more valu-able the gift.

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Housing

Within the limits of its operating income, the Uni-versity has striven to provide low-rent accommodation formore than lOOO students from outside the city. Three ofthe "hut camps" established as temporary residences afterthe ,var have not oilly been maintained, but have been improved, enlarged and refurnished. During the summer of1954, for example, thirty-six additional places were madeavailable at Fort and Acadia Camps, a~d nine additionalsuites-all but one with central heating-provided. Thereare now places in these camps for some 870 single men and,vomen, and suites for about 180 couples and families.

In addition, of course, we have the fine new women'sresidences, which provide accommodation for 156 girls,chiefly in their first year. Our policy has been to admit,vomen at the beginning of their university career ratherthan in their upper years in order to give them a chanceto make friends and "find themselves" in Vancouver.

Our experience with these permanent residences hasbeen excellent. Because of our climate, they are not as expen-sive to build as they would be in eastern Canada, and al-though they are more expensive than "hut" accommodation,they provide more of the basic facilities for an educationalresidential life.

About half our student body comes from "out of town."Of these there will always be some who prefer living inboarding houses, "co-op" houses and fraternity houses.When these have all been subtracted it becomes clear thatthe University should aim at providing permanent resi-dential accommodation for at least one third of the studentbody, some 2,000 at the present time. No matter ho,v

5

quickly we start building additional permanent residenceunits, it is apparent that it will take a substantial numberof years before we fill the existing gap, let alone start to re-place the present temporary "huts,"

We are most gratified that our plans for an Interna-tional House, to be the on-campus centre '\There studentsfrom other countries can meet and mingle with Canadianstudents, promises to be realized in the coming year. Weare deeply grateful to the Rotary Club of Vancouver for,their generous action in making the first part-the socialunit-of this development possible.

Self-Help Programme

What I have said so far may appear to suggest thatmany of the students are depending in large measure uponothers for assistance. As anyone who is in close contact,vith our students ,viII kno,v, this is far from the truth. Toan extent most unusual even in Canada, our students arecontinuing the tradition established many years ago of"working their way" through the University. This desireand willingness to ,vork has been facilitated by the U niver-sity placement office's service of registering students andassisting them to find summer, Christmas and part-time,vork. More than 1200 students found sources of earningsthrough this office, about 200 of them on the campus, in the"self-help programme" which provides regular, part-time,vork in university buildings, kitchen~ and grounds. Studentearnings here amount to some $50,000 a year. The Univer-sity also employs each year more than 250 graduates andundergraduates as demonstrators, teaching assistants, mark-ers and researchers, and pays them a total of approximately$100,000 for services rendered.

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GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE OF STUDENTS 1953 -54

CANADAGREATER VANCOUVER (including all students

temporarily domiciled in Vancouver)OTHER PARTS OF B.C.OTHER PARTS OF CANADA

OUTSIDE CANADA AND UNSPECIFIED

AFRICA 7ASIA 23BRITISH ISLES 15BRITISH WEST INDIES 12CENTRAL AMERICA 16EUROPE 29NEW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA. ISOUTH AMERICA 10UNITED STATES ~5UNSPECIFIED 52

TOTAL FROM OUTSIDE CANADA ANDUNSPECIFIED

TOTAL

30351739516

210

5500

7

In all, therefore, including the forms of assistance dis-cussed earlier, some $600,000 is distributed through theUniversity to the student body. However, it is necessaryto remember that nearly one-half the undergraduates inupper years are personally responsible for all their expenses,including room and board.

On the basis of information provided by students atthe time of registration, it appears that in the summer of1953-54 men earned on the average about $720 each. Someof them saved that much, but the average earnings figureis influenced by those who did not work many weeks duringthe summer. Women students, however, have not the sameaccess to remunerative summer jobs, and their" averagesummer earnings were less than half the men's. We arecontinually aware of these special financial difficulties of,vomen students, and have set up funds administered by theDean of Women to try in some small measure to make upfor some of these difficulties. In recent years the proportionof women in the total university enrolment has fallen, andwe are much concerned ,vith the problem of how to enablegirls coming from the schools to continue their education.l'hese total summer earnings have to be set against totalcosts to the out-or-lown student for a university yearamounting to from $900-$1,000, in order to see clearly theextent to which our students rely on themselves and alsoto understand the gap ,vhich has to be met by the variousforms of student aid.

In addition, it is worth remembering that students whochoose to go to university voluntarily forego four, five orsix years earning power in a time of high wages, so that ifyou add up what they might earn as well as what they haveto payout, you will arrive at the fact that most students in-

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vest in their own education a sum well above $10,000,quite apart from any assistance that is given by others. Ipoint this out merely to indicate that self-reliance is still acharacteristic of your young men and women, and that theyare ,villing to invest both time and money for the satisfac-tion they derive from the pursuit of kno,vledge and thepromise of a more remunerative career. It is of coursealso apparent that they are carrying, and ,viII continue tocarry, the main financial burden of their education no mat-ter what other forms of assistance may be offered.

Graduate Studies

As can be seen from the enrolment figures, an increas-ing number of students in the University and an increasingproportion of the total enrolment are proceeding to grad-uate studies, that is working towards a second degree in "afield where a Bacpelor's degree has already been obtained.Most schools and departments of the University now haveadequate staff and research facilities to be able to superviseand assist candidates for the Master's degree. Since, however,the assistance and facilities required by candidates for thePh.D. degree make much greater demands upon the re-sources of the University, we have been obliged to proceedslowly in the development of doctoral studies, and to acceptcandidates only in those subjects in which our facilities areadequate. Just as laboratories, equipment and materialsare necessary for advanced work in the natural sciences, soin the humanities anc1. the social sciences library space andlarge research book collections must be available.

Though we are proceeding slowly, each year recentlywe have been able to report that new advanced programmes

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have been arranged and doctoral degrees conferred for thefirst time. For example, last year arrangements were madefor a new advanced syllabus in Fisheries, which now, likeOceanography, is an institute administered by the graduatestudies faculty. It is intended that students interested insome particular aspect of the fishing industry, such as biol-ogy, will also receive broad instruction in the social, eco.nomic, commercial and technical aspects of the field. Specialemphasis will, of course, be placed on research.

In this same year, the Department of Mining andMetallurgy began to prepare students for the Ph.D. degreeand the Department of Mathematics awarded its first Ph.D.degree; it is expected that from now on one or two Doctor'sdegrees will be conferred in these departments each year.

While we .are very proud of the progress which ourfaculties, departments and schools are making in theprovision of advanced training, it should not be for-gotten that each year many graduates of our Universityare undertaking postgraduate training in other Canadian,American and British institutions. Indeed we encourageour graduates to widen their experience by going to otherschools, just as we attract some graduate students here forstudies in' which we have special facilities. Most graduatestudents would be unable to afford th-is advanced training,vere it not for the financial assistance available in the longer-established graduate schools and the scholarships, assistant-ships and prizes which are awarded to them. We arealready offering a few scholarships and assistantships, butas our graduate programme expands we will need additionalfunds for fello~ships, additional members of our staff,library holdings and facilities so that research programmesand advanced instruction will be on the scale that ourprovincial and national development demands.

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Arts and ScienceThere is no separate teaching staff in the Faculty of

Graduate Studies, and the supervision of graduate work isundertaken by men and women who are members of theother faculties. The largest of these is the Faculty of Artsand Science, which encompasses the professional schools ofSocial Work, Education, Physical Education, Commerceand Home Economics, as well as the traditional departmentsin the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences.These departments and schools teach advanced studentsworking for the various graduate degrees, and give coursesof a pre-professional nature to students who will eventuallyenroll in such specialized faculties as Law, Medicine andApplied Science. Although these "services" undertaken forother faculties tend to give an exaggerated picture of thesize of the enrolment in Arts, it is the largest of the eightfaculties on the campus.

The departments are continually faced with the prob-lem of choosing whether to increase and expand the instruc-tion of upper-year students specializing in particular Artsfields, or to increase the proportion of their staff's time oncourses in the earlier years. These preparatory courses, bytheir nature, tend to have high enrolments, and it is ourpresent aim therefore not so much to provide new prepara-tory courses but rather to ensure that the classes are givenin appropriately-sized groups. With advanced courses theclasses are small enough but the need for variety is greater.The difficulty of accomplishing this "splitting up process",viII increase as the total enrolment grows. The faculty iscurrently studying the problems involved in better relatingthe lo,ver and upper year programmes of study.

In the year under revie,v, new courses have beenoffered at the introductory and advanced levels, and new

1

sections of old courses created. It is significant, however.that most of the new offerings ,vere at the advanced level:Anthropology, Political Science, Philosophy and Geographyall expanded the training available in their upper years.

Members of the Faculty of Arts and Science, like theircolleagues in other faculties, continued to participate in a,vide variety of services to the community. Many of these,particularly those of a scientific nature, I will refer to laterin my report. Three, of a more immediate nature, willserve to illustrate their variety.

Members of the Department of Economics, PoliticalScience, Sociology and Anthropology are undertaking onbehalf of the fcderal Department of Citizenship and Im-migration a study of contemporary Indian life in BritishColumbia. This ambitious project will not only be of greatpractical advantage to the government departments con-cerned, but it also provides a unique opportunity for inter-disciplinary co-operation in the acquisition of knowledgeabout a group, the contemporary problems of which areso far not widely understood.

The School of Commerce has inaugurated an out-of-town training prc;>gramme in junior management. Thisconsists of concentrated educational courses given in theirown communities to groups organized by the members them-selves. As an illustration, each week members of the Schoolof Commerce travelled to Vernon on Friday night, lecturedfor several hours on Saturday and returned to VancouverSaturday night, a not inconsiderable effort. But the effortexpended by members of the classes was even greater-it i~estimated that ten hours of reading, essay writing and otherpreparations was demanded of each member of these classl~seach week.

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This junior management programme is not unlikea third type of activity involving faculty participation-theholding of institutes or short courses on the campus inspecial fields; for municipal administrators, teachers, laborunionists and members of the armed forces. For instance,during one week in the autumn, Navy, Army and Air Forceofficers attended a seminar held on the campus centeringon the subject of the Atlantic Alliance and European co-operation. The lectures for this series were given, and thediscussion led, by members of the Arts Faculty.

There were fewer retirements in the faculty last y(:arthan for several years preceding. After serving the U ni-versity for thirty-eight ye~rs, Dr. A. H. Hutchinson retiredfrom the Headship of the Department ,of Biology andBotany. He is succeeded by Professor T. M. C. Taylor,a graduate of our own university. Dr. Malcolm McGregorbecame head of the Department of Classics, succeedingDr. Harry Logan; and Dr. Ian McTaggart Cowan suc-ceeded Dr. Clemens as head of the Department of Zoology.Dr. Wesley Topping, ,\Tho had taught sociology in the Facul-ty for many years, left on leave of absence in anticipationof his retirement this spring.

Faculty of Applied Science

'The core of the J.'aculty of Applied Science is the De-partment of Engineering, though the professional schoolsof Architecture and of Nursing are also attached to it. Itsactivities are so diverse as to defy general description. TheDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, for example, hadamong its projects during the session the designing and con-struction of a new wind tunnel, equipment necessary inthe development of aeronautics and also thermodynamics.

1 .9,

PI

The Department of Civil Engineering was occupied,vith research on the flows and shifts of the Fraser River, thetides of Vancouver harbour, and with the dam and otherworks at Seton Creek. These probl~ms were studied bymeans of elaborate scale models of the actual waterways andthis research is continuing.

In the Department of Electrical Engineering, work isbeing done on the possibility of guiding migrating fish byelectrical means, such as current pulses. This work, likethat on the Seton Creek Dam, is being done in co-operationwith the International Pacific Salmon Commission.

Faculty of MedicineThe Faculty of Medicine in the year under review saw

their first graduates receive their degrees of Doctor of Medi-cine from the University. These first students have studiedin what is largely temporary accommodation, but as I writeI am happy to be able to announce that the construction ofa new building at the Vancouver General Hospital for theclinical departments of the Faculty is being proceeded with.'The campus Medical Sciences building, however, remainsin the "discussion" stage, with the result that the facultyis still forced to instruct the first two years of the school intemporary quarters, which constitute a worrying fire hazard.

The growth of the Medical Faculty will probably beless dramatic in the next few years than it has been in thelast four. Enrolment is at the capacity of the laboratoriesand clinical facilities to provide training, and the growthof the faculty itself has been confined to a few new appoint-ments in the various departments. We will continue todepend on those members of the profession living in theneighbourhood of Vancouver who give generously of theirtime as honorary instructors and professors. The perman-ent teaching staff, however, is finding it possible to turn

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more of its attention to research in the fundamental prob-lems of medicine. I am happy to acknowledge here theconsiderable sums received from the funds of national andinternational associations, and organizations of the FederalGovernment; I feel that the size of these grants indicates ina most satisfying way the national and international prestigethe departments and laboratories of this faculty are gaining.

Faculty of Law

The Faculty of Law instituted in 1954 a new series oflabour law round tables, with the assistance of practisingmembers of the legal profession and the provincial and fed-eral departments of labour. These round tables, the firstof which had to do with the legal meaning of certificationand de-certification of trade l1cnions, are part of an expand-ing programme by the law school for continuing educationfor the legal profession. Further round tables are plannedon allied topics, such as conciliation, and the negotiation ofcollective agreements.

The Faculty of Law has continued to publish, withgreat success, "Case Books" on many of the subjects taughtat the Law School. The first of these books, which containa selection of the leading court cases on a given topic, chosenso as to illustrate the present state of the law, was publishedin 1947; since that time fourteen volumes have been pub-lished. Their success has been striking, not only are theyused intensively in conjunction with the lecturing in ourown law school, but they are also to be found in use atseven other Canadian law schools.

Over half the legal profession in British Columbia arenow graduates of our law faculty, and many of them stillfind these books, though prepared primarily for teaching,of great use in their daily practice.

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Faculty of Agriculture

At the end of the academic year, the University saw theretirement of three members of the Faculty of Agriculturewho had all given many years of distinguished service to theUniversity and to the Province. Professor H. M. King-,head of the Department of Animal Husbandry; ProfessorD. G. Laird, Professor of Soils, and Professor G. G. Moe,head of the Department of Agronomy, were appointed Pro-fessors Emeritus, and take with them the very sincere thanksann best ,vi shes of the University.

The Faculty of Agriculture has a long and valued tra-dition in the Province of providing information, advice, andtraining to farmers and ranchers. Extension lectures weregiven both on the coast and in the interior on aspects ofagricultural economics, poultry husbandry, agriculturalmechanics, and soil, and the extensive research within thefaculty has, in many cases, also been directly connected withproblems of B.C. agriculture. It would be wrong to con-clude, however, that the immediate benefits of the work ofour J.~aculty of Agriculture is confined to our own agricul-tural community. With the advent of the Colombo Plan,and of similar schemes which are designed to give assistanceto under-developed countries, the University has welcomednumerous students from abroad-and several of these haveenrolled in Agriculture. Indeed, about fifteen percent ofthe students in the Faculty have come from other countries,a fraction well above that in the University as a whole.

Faculty of Pharmacy

Training in the Faculty of Pharmacy consists of threeyears' instruction following a year of practical work undera qualified pharmacist. This profe!'sional syllabus has

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helped to bring about very close co-operation between thefaculty and the profession in the Province. During thepast year, outside activity in the faculty was chiefly directedtoward the conduct of refresher courses in various aspectsof the field. One such, for example, was held for hospitalpharmacists in the Vancouver area. Another was held inKelowna for members of the profession in the Okanagandistrict, and a larger, third course was given iJ). Nelson inconnection with the annual con\'ention of the British Co-lumbia Pharmaceutical Association.

Faculty of Forestry

The Forestry staff continued its co-operation "lith for-estry and industrial associations in Canada and the UnitedStates, and also had the pleasure of entertaining Deanemeritus Samuel T. Dana, of the University of Michigan,who delivered the H. R. MacMillan lecture on "Forest Pol-icy in the United States."

The Faculty has long had the use, for teaching anddemonstration purposes, of the University forest belt lyingto the south and west of the campus. In 1949, however, theProvincial Government gave the University a block ofland of about 9000 acres near Haney, and representativesof the forest industry contributed the necessary buildingsfor an on-site training establishment. The Faculty hassince then used this for many instructional purposes, suchas mensuration, cruising and forest management. Theforest management programme, involving survey and plan-ning. was brought to a stage last year where it was possibleto "dedicate" the forest as a tree-farm under the pro-gramme of the Canadian Forestry Association. This wasthe first "tree-farm" of this type in British Columbia. andit is hoped that the University's example will inspire other

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owners of suitable tracts to "dedicate" their forests to plan-ned management aimed at continual forest growth, protec-tion and reproduction, Already, owners of over 300,000additional acres have converted their holdings to "tree-farms."

I should like to draw special attention to the publicaootion by the undergraduate Forest Club of a "Forestry Hand.book for British Columbia," The material for this 360-pagereference book, containing information on almost everyaspect of the forester's profession, was gathered by under-graduates over a three-year period, It has already achieveda most satisfactory circulation, and plans are on foot torevise it for a new edition in a few years' time. To the bestof my understanding, it is the first manual of this particularkind published in North America.'

University Extension and Summer Session

In my report to you last year I discussed at some lengththe accomplishments and the ambitions of our Departmentof University Extension. In 1953-54 the staff concentratedits efforts on meeting as many as possible of the extensionadult education groups and their leaders throughout theProvince, and on consolidating and improving our serviceson their behalf. I should also mention the Department'sSummer Programme held on the campus. Enrolment inthis non-credit session increased from 380 to 484 students;the success of courses in art, music and drama was particu-larly encouraging and indicated an unexpectedly wide in-terest in opera, which we hope to nourish in comingsummers.

The regular University Summer Session was attendedby some 1150 students, of whom 60 percent were teachers.Both these figures indicate a slight increase over the previous

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summer, and were in accord with the increase in the num-ber of courses offered. As is customary in the SummerSession, about one-third of the courses were taught by visit-ors from other universities in Canada and abroad. We wereglad to welcome them to our campus for this intensive but

highly stimulating period.

Research and ScholarshipI should like now to turn from the activities of the

individual faculties and schools to the general activity ofscientific and scholarly research in which all their membersare to a varying extent engaged. The first claim on the timeand effort of faculty members is made by th~ students.After these claims have been satisfied, however, the uni-versity teacher becomes a researcher, seeking to advanceknowledge in his own field by laboratory experiment, directenquiry, or investigation of written material. Since themethods of research differ with the varying fields of know-ledge, I would like to mention three separate aspects ofthese methods, the importance of which may vary from fieldto field.

In the first place certain types of research involve veryconsiderable sums of money. Some of the University de-partments receive large sums from the National ResearchCouncil, the Defence Research Board, from other agenciesof the Federal and Provincial governments, from the endow-ment funds set up by associations and from private businessfirms. Much of the assistance from these outside sourcesis paid through the University, and it alone amounted toover half a million dollars in the last fiscal year. Over andabove all research monies allocated to the University fromoutside sources, the University annually allocates themodest sum of $20,000 for faculty research projects

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WHERE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FUNDS GO

56.0%

17.496

HUMANITIES SCIENCES AND

SOCIAL SCIENCES

20.6%

I -_ APPLIED AGRICULTURE FORESTRY SCIENCES

WHERE RESEARCH FUNDS GO

Humanities and Social Sciences 174 Sciences 56 0 Applied Sciences 3.0 Agriculture ........ ! ,... L 20 6

3 0

lOO.0

%

- Forestry ..."+.

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not otherwise sponsored. As might be expected, most spon-sored research is in the natural, medical and other appliedsciences. It is more surprising that we too should employmore than one-half of our funds for research in these samefields. At the present time about 20 percent of the total isawarded to research projects in the humanities and the socialsciences, and another 20 percent to agriculture. About3 percent last year ,vent to Forestry.

I am very hopeful that we will be able to find morefunds for the humanities and social sciences in the nearfuture. As things are at present, there are very few outsidesources of money available for these disciplines. In thisconnection, I might mention the "Canada Fellowships"which were proposed by the Royal Commission on Arts,Letters and Sciences. Noting the excellent results achievedby the National Research Council in encouraging work inthe sciences in Canada it recommended a similar systemof a,vards to be known (in part) as the Canada Fello,vshipsto encourage advanced and mature ,vork in the humanities,the social sciences and law. In the meantime, it is, perhaps,in such fields that the University's own funds can make aninterim contribution.

The LibraryI must also mention the place of the University Library

in the research process. It is all too easy to imagine theextension of kno,vledge as being a process which in-volves the acquisition of ne,v facts about our physical en-vironment, and to forget that every researcher must comparehis accomplishments with those of his colleagues in otherplaces; and must in most cases take the discoveries or specu-lations of his colleagues elsewhere as the starting point forhis own work. One of the tasks of the library is to have

22

available and accessible current reports, in the academicjournals, on progress in research allover the world. Further,as this work becomes consolidated in books on each of thedisciplines, the acquisitions department of the Library mustacquire annually an ever-increasing number of volumes, inan attempt to keep pace with new investigations and newpublications. At the present time the Library receives near-ly 4000 periodicals; a staff of thirteen is needed to keeptrack of current numbers as they come in, arrange for theorderly acquisition of back numbers as they become avail-able, and bind them into completed volumes from year toyear.

In its reference division the Library handles queriesfrom faculty, graduates, undergraduates, and from otheruniversities. In addition, it is now becoming possible togive undergraduates more ready access to the main bookstacks. This leads to better and fuller use being made ofthe main collection by a wider group of students. Nearlyten thousand books were added to the collection during theyear. In common with the rest of the world of learning, wehave found that we have no choice in the matter of provid-ing library materials for instruction and research. Alterna-tives may sometimes be found for other university equip-ment and service, but not for the Library. And its costscharacteristically cumulate; it is more expensive to add avolume to a library of a million books than to a smaller onesince cataloguing and indexing, carrying, filing and shelv-ing are more complex. As a library improves, it is moreheavily used, more books are borrowed, more visitors comefrom other campuses. If the university of which it is a partis also progressing in enrolment, breadth of activity, and re-search, the library should absorb an increasing fraction ofthe university's resources.

23

FLUCTUATIONS IN LIBRARY DEMAND

Apr June July AugSept Oct Nav Dec Jon Feb Mar May

Sept. Oct. Nov Dec Jon. Feb. Mor. Apr Moy June July Aug.

Loon Desk 3,210 12,951 11,852 6,57~ 11,835 1~,3~~ 15,576 6,859 1,9~3 1,8~1 5,50~ 3,315

ReserveBook Room 2,OI~ 11,39~ 12,618 6,877 8,906 9,309 12,686 10,819 60 56 ~,816 3,327

Reference }Fine Arts 2,176 7,776 7,78~ 3,~57 6,61~ 7,711 7,985 ~,556 1,638 1,380 2,~88 1,8578iomedicol

Totols. 7,390 32,121 32,25~ 16,908 27,355 31,362 36,2~7 22,23~ 3,6~1 3,277 12,808 8,~99

24

Finally, in the process of advancing kno,vledge comesthe stage at which new work is published and made avail-able to the world at large. Each year the University pub-lishes a bibliography of the published works of the facultyin book and article form. Almost all of these works appearin learned journals and books published elsewhere. As inmany other matters, the University is not yet advanced far

in the matter of undertaking its o,vn publishing, and wehave a long way to go before we can hope to emulate ourolder sister institutions which publish many volumes eachyear. However, a start has been made, and already a limitednumber of research dissertations, public addresses andbibliographic studies have appeared under our sponsorship.During the last year we have made arrangements \vith awell-known firm to publish jointly with them. We hopethat we shall be able to undertake the publication of work,vhich has special relevance to the B.C. community.

Public Occasions

In this final section of my report, I should like to turnto those events which have not been part of our regularroutine but rather events of par.ticular importance in whichthe whole University has in some way been interested or has

partici pated.In the twelve months which I have covered in this re-

port we held only our two regular convocations; in eachof them we conferred degrees on those graduating in course,and in addition had the privilege of conferring honorarydegre"es upon a number of distinguished Canadians.

At the autumn congregation in October 1953, 268 stud-ents graduated and the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoriscausa, was awarded to Mr. Percy R. Bengough of Ottawa,

25

President of the Trades and Labour Congress of Canada;The Most Reverend W. M. Duke, Roman Catholic Arch-bishop of Vancouver; and Mr. Rhys M. Sale, President ofthe Ford Motor Company of Canada in Windsor, Ontario.Mr. L. W. Guichon, of Qui.lchena, B.C., ,vas awarded thedegree of Doctor of Science, honoris cau.sa. Dr. Sale deliveredthe congregation address.

On the first day of the Spring Congregation three emin-ent medical scientists, Dr. George Brock Chisholm of Vic-toria, B.C., formerly Director of the World Health Organi-zation; Dr. George Frederic Strong of Vancouver; and Dr.Ethlyn Trapp of Vancouver were recipients of the degree ofDoctor of Science, honoris causa. The congregation address,vas given by Dr. Brock Chisholm.

On the second day of the Spring Congregation, de-grees of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, were conferredon The Right Honourable Vincent Massey, P.C., C.H.,Governor-General of Canada; Mr. Hugh Neil MacCorkin-dale, former Superintendent of Schools, Vancouver; andthe Honourable Joseph Roberts Smallwood, Premier andMinister of Economic Development of the Province of New-foundland. The Right Honourable Vincent Massey was thecongregation speaker. On both days a total of 853 studfntsgraduated. '

A more unusual experience was our participation inthe Columbia University bicentennial celebrations. Thesetook the form of a week devoted to public meetings, lectures,seminars and discussions on the subject "Man's Right toKnowledge and the Free Use Thereof."

This programme was dedicated to drawing attention toman's right to obtain, use and disseminate knowledge, andto arguing that only the free use of these rights is conducive

26

to a peaceful and free existence. This challenging argument,vas enlarged' upon, supported and debated by students,members of faculty, mem,bers of the community, and by adistinguished visitor, Professor Irwin Edman, JohnsonianProfessor of Philosophy at Columbia University, who de-livered lectures on "The Return to Reasonableness" and"Kno,vledge as Freedom." In thus co-operating in thiscontinent-wide salutation of Columbia University, we werejoined and supported by the Vancouver Canadian Club,,vho made it possible for Professor Edman to visit Van-couver.

Finally, both because it must end my report and be-cause it took place to\vard the end of the academic year,there occurred the British Empire Games. Like the othert'vo events I have mentioned, this was a "public occasion,"and like them it involved in greater or lesser degree the par-ticipation and interest of the whole University.

rrhree aspects call for particular mention. The firstis the use of our housing facilities as the temporary homeof the visitors for the Games. Its usual summertimecalm gone, Acadia Camp ,vas transformed into a bustling.cosmopolitan "Empire Village," populated by over 700 ath-letes of many tongues, ,vho also used the stadium, the play-ing fields and the gymnasiums from 6 a.m. to darkness eachday. Only the cyclists and the rowers used training facilitieselsewhere. The university oval was brought into first-classcondition; many of the huts were altered or refurbished;special meals were prepared to cater to foreign diets (andto unusually large appetites!).

In addition, the University was the site of the s,vim-ming and diving competitions. A fine new swimming pool,vas built with funds supplied by the British Empire Games

27

Society on the campus, and has now bec~me the propertyof the University. The new pool, the swimming and divingevents, the fine weather, the training athletes, the Villageand the general air of excitement attracted thousands ofspectators and tourists to the campus-perhaps more peoplewere on the campus than at any time in the University's

history.

Finally, we are proud that our role was not confined tothat of being hosts. Two of our longer-distance runnerscompeted in the early trials, and one of them ran in the finalof the six-mile at the Games. A freshette, Alice Whitty, tookthird place in the women's high-jump final. And I neednot mention the magnificent feat of the rowing team, whichfirst astounded Canadian oarsmen by winning the CanadianHenley Regatta, and then went on, representing Canada,to secure the Games championship over Great Britain bythree lengths. This victory depended chiefly upon the finespirit and determination of the crew and their coach, andis one we will not soon forget.

Apart from the athletes, other members of the Univer-sity also participated in the Games in their own right. TheDirector of the School of Physical Education, Mr. R. F.Osborne, was vice-president of the B.E.G. Association inVancouver, and assistant manager of the whole Canadianteam. To him went the heavy task of acting simultaneouslyas host, co-ordina~or and coach. Beside him were dozens ofother members of the student body and the faculty con-nected with arrangements for grounds, equipment, cater-ing, health, ceremonies, housing and for particular sportssuch as track, fencing and wrestling.

The Games themselves ,vere a fine display of amateursportsmanship and amateur achievement-no one who saw

28

it is ever likely to forget the magnificent mile of Roger Ban-nister and John Landy, or the agony of Peters in the Mara-thon-and I would like to take this opportunity of payingpublic tribute to Mr. Stanley Smith of Vancouver, Presi-dent of the B.E.G. Society, and to all those who worked sohard and well with him to make them a triumphant success.

29

SUMMARY OF REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES

April 1, 1953 to March 31, 1954

Revenues

Provincial Government Grant

Student Fees

Grants for Teaching and Research

Government of Canada Grant

Miscellaneous

Expenditures Salaries

and Wages

Teaching Cost (Including Library) $2,905,020.23

Maintenance

Research

Administration

Miscellaneous

468,398.34

281,674.80

239,604.75

1,445.77

$3,896,143.89

Supplies and Operating Expenses

$ 695,289.96

440,247.82

282,935.50

57,609.84

133,120.71

$1,609,203.83

Total

$2,500,000.00

1,358,522.32

848,280.12

571,950.00

226395.28

$5505,347.72

Total

$3,600,310.19

908,646.16

564,610.30

2972 14.59

134,566.48

f.5.505347.72

Percent

45.41

24.68

15.41

10.39

4.1 1

100.00 -

Percent

65.40

16.50

10.26

5.40

2.44

100.00

-

-

30

WHERE DOES THE UNIVERSITY DOLLAR COME FROM?

1948-49 n ' I 111 I

12.Me 3 . k 192c

1 949-50

1 . 8 s 10.86~ 2.67~

43.3oc 33.45~ 3.8% 11.81~ 7 . 6 ~ ~

195051

I 1951 -52 I I1 I

29.11c 1 3.7%,3k

a6.28C 14.44~ 11.24~ 252c

1952-53

1953-54 24.68~ 15.41~ 10.39~ 4.1 lc

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT GRANT STUDENT FEES GRANTS FOR TEACHING & RESEARCH - 0 GOVERNMENT OF CANADA GRANT - MISCELLANEOUS

WHERE DOES THE UNIVERSITY DOLLAR GO? 1948-49

1949-50

1950-51

I h & $ c 14.5&

<68c I 17.63~ 6.34~ 5.-

I951 -52

I 6if03c 10.67~ 14.9oC 5.50~ 5.Wc

c 15.45~ 5.3k 4 . a

1952-53

1953-54 6 5 . e 16 5Oc 10.26~ 5 . 4 0 ~ 2.44~ - TEACHING

MAINTENANCE RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION MISCELLANEOUS

31