Upload
patricia-fields
View
222
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Presidency: An Impossible Job?
Dr C Harlen, University of LeedsWhite House photo in public domain
Recent Presidents Have All Failed in Some Way
• Military problems: Johnson, Nixon, G.W.Bush
• Economic problems: Nixon, Ford, Carter, George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush
• Misconduct in office: Nixon, Clinton
• Lack of policy knowledge: Reagan
Potential Explanations for Failure
• Faulty selection process
• Poor judgment of electorate
• Overly difficult job
Selection Process: Lengthy and Expensive
• Candidates announce 1 year before primaries
• Increased use of primaries instead of caucuses.
• Frontloading of primaries
• End of reliance on public funding
• These factors restrict who runs
Does the Public Make Inappropriate Choices?
President’s current roles: foreign policy, work with Congress to pass legislation.
Overall: 25 of 44 presidents had Congress
experience (57%) versus 2 out of last six (33%)
Governors mainly. Qualified to be president?
Powers of the President Alone as Head of State
• Slight similarities with governor’s role
• Commander in chief vs. control of state national guard.
• Represents government.
Government of California photo in public domain
Powers Involving Work with Legislature
Common
• Powers of appointment.
• Passing legislation with approval of legislature.
Different
• Making treaties as head of state (+ 2/3 Senate approval)
• Governors often control issues public care about most
Powers of President Alone as Head of Government Not Involving Foreign
Policy• Granting reprieves and pardons
• Convening State of the Union Address
• Ensuring laws are faithfully executed
• Wielding ‘executive power’
• Appointing officials
Is the Job Too Demanding?
Jimmy Carter: Beginning and soon after presidency
The Secret to Looking Younger: Leaving the Presidency!
President as Head of State and Government Creates High Expectations!
Source: U.S. National Portrait Gallery education use allowed
Mount Rushmore, South Dakota
As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain
Head of State Role Creates Great Expectations
‘The president we get is the country we get...’
Novelist E.L. Doctorow, 2004
Presidents Can Also Use the Historic Presidency
As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain
Compared with Prime Ministers
• Less assured support in legislature usually.
• Less unified cabinet.
Presidents’ Party Often Doesn’t Control Both Branches of Congress
1951 Truman D D D53, 55 EisenhowerR D R
1961 Kennedy D D D1965 Johnson D D D1969 Nixon R D D1974 Ford R D D1977 Carter D D D1981 Reagan R D R1989 G.H.W.BushR D D1993 Clinton D D D1995 Clinton D R R2001 G.W.Bush R R Varied2003 G.W.Bush R R R2007 G.W.Bush R D D2009 Obama D D D
11, 13 Obama D R D
Challenges of the Presidency: Managing the Government
• Over 3 million civilian employees, 1.4 million active military.
• 7,000 political appointments alone (a government of strangers).
• No collective responsibility of cabinet.
Conclusion
• Presidents do not necessarily have or need congressional experience
• Inflated expectations of the president problematic.
• President heads large organisation with no guarantees of loyalty.
• Lack of success not surprising.