The present publication was developed under grant 84.373X100001 from the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs. The views expressed herein are solely those of the author(s), and no official endorsement by the U.S. Department should be inferred.

Principles of Effective Instruction in

English Language Arts

Common Core State Standards

– Reflect the best of existing state standards• But fewer, clearer, higher than most

existing standards

– Grounded in College and Careers Readiness Standards

– International benchmarking and global competitiveness

– Rigorous content and applications– Evidence and research

The Common Core State Standards for English

Language Arts are specific statements of content and

skill expectations in the areas of reading, writing, listening and speaking, and language.

5

The Common Core emphasizes:

• Learning that builds over time. • Application of knowledge and skills.• Active participation and interaction in

learning activities.• Collaboration and communication.• Ongoing comprehensive instruction in

reading, writing, speaking, listening, and language.

Learning that builds over time

Reading and Foundational Skills: Phonics and Word Recognition

Grade Level

Standard: Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

K a. Demonstrate basic knowledge of letter-sound correspondences. c. Read common high-frequency words by sight (e.g., the, of, to, you, she, my, is, are, do, does).

1 b. Decode regularly spelled one-syllable words.

2 c. Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels. d. Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes. f. Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.

3 b. Decode words with common Latin suffixes. c. Decode multi-syllable words. d. Read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.

4 a. Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affixes) to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context.

Two Instructional Principles that apply to

learning that builds over time

1. Repetition with variety2. Cognitive engagement

Making Words: An example of Repetition with Variety and

Cognitive Engagement

An Instructional Principle that applies to the application of

knowledge and skills

3. Cognitive clarity

Cognitive clarity about the function and value of reading.

An Instructional Principle that applies to active participation

and interaction during learning activities

4. Personal connection with the curriculum

5. Participation of a knowledgeable other

Scott and Blake write a book

An Instructional Principle that applies to collaboration and

communication

6. Every student must have a means of expressive communication.

AAC comes in all forms, shapes and sizes!

A Sample “Core” Vocabulary

An Instructional Principle that applies to ongoing

comprehensive instruction in reading, writing, speaking,

listening, and language

7. Significant time allocation for instruction

Principles of Effective ELA Instruction

1. Repetition with variety2. Cognitive engagement3. Cognitive clarity4. Personal connection with the

curriculum5. Participation of a knowledgeable

other6. A means of expressive

communication7. Significant time allocation for

comprehensive instruction

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