THE PREPARATORY STUDY ON THE DHAKA MASS RAPID TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT … · 2019. 3. 4. · the preparatory study on the dhaka mass rapid transit development project (line 1)

THE PREPARATORY STUDY ON THE DHAKAMASS RAPID TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT (LINE 1) IN BANGLADESH

FINAL REPORT (SUMMARY)

DECEMBER 2018

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA)

ALMEC CORPORATIONORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD.

NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL

J R (先 )4 R

18-068

THE PREPARATORY STUDY ON THE DHAKAMASS RAPID TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT (LINE 1) IN BANGLADESH

FINAL REPORT (SUMMARY)

DECEMBER 2018

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA)

ALMEC CORPORATIONORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD.

NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL

Exchange Rate (July 2018)

1USD=110JPY

1USD=83BDT

1BDT=1.32JPY

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Table of Contents

Background .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Objectives of the Project ................................................................................................................ 1-2 Scope of the Project ....................................................................................................................... 1-2 Basic Policy and Points of the Study.............................................................................................. 1-3

Location of the Project Area and Spatial Structure ........................................................................ 2-1 Location ............................................................................................................................... 2-1 Administrative Units and Land Areas .................................................................................. 2-1

Socio-Economic Profile .................................................................................................................. 2-3 Population ............................................................................................................................ 2-3 GDP ..................................................................................................................................... 2-4 Labour and Employment ..................................................................................................... 2-8 Income Levels and Poverty ............................................................................................... 2-10

Land Use ...................................................................................................................................... 2-13 RAJUK Area ...................................................................................................................... 2-13 Hazards ............................................................................................................................. 2-23

CURRENT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM ............................................................................... 2-29 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2-29 Pedestrian & Non-Motorized Transports ........................................................................... 2-29 Private Car, Motorcycle& Truck ......................................................................................... 2-31 Public Transport ................................................................................................................. 2-34 Urban Road Network ......................................................................................................... 2-39 MRT Line 6 ........................................................................................................................ 2-41 BRT Line 3 ......................................................................................................................... 2-42 Dhaka Elevated Expressway (DEE) .................................................................................. 2-47

Review of Previous Studies............................................................................................................ 3-1 Study of Location of Stations and Alternatives............................................................................... 3-8

Concept of Location of Stations .......................................................................................... 3-8 Station Location of Each Line ............................................................................................. 3-8 Infrastructure Facility Alternative Study ............................................................................. 3-23 Design Criteria for MRT Line 1 .......................................................................................... 3-25 Connecting with Other MRT Lines .................................................................................... 3-28

Passenger Demand Forecast for MRT Line 5 ............................................................................. 3-32

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Framework of Demand Forecast ....................................................................................... 3-32 Update of RSTP Traffic Demand ....................................................................................... 3-33 Network Settings ............................................................................................................... 3-36 Daily Passenger Demand Result ...................................................................................... 3-39

4.1 Alignment Planning ........................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Basic Policies of the Alignment Planning ............................................................................ 4-2

4.2 Design Standards and Basic Policies of the Alignment Planning .................................................. 4-2 4.2.1 Design standards ................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.2.2 Basic Policies of the Alignment Planning ............................................................................ 4-2 4.2.3 Control Points .................................................................................................................... 4-10

4.3 Underground Utilities and Soil Conditions ................................................................................... 4-15 4.3.1 The Result of Geotechnical Survey ................................................................................... 4-15

4.4 Hydrological Survey ..................................................................................................................... 4-23 4.5 Civil and Utilities Plan ................................................................................................................... 4-24

4.5.1 Elevated Structure ............................................................................................................. 4-24 4.5.2 Underground Structure ...................................................................................................... 4-33

4.6 Station Architectural Works and Facility Plan ............................................................................ 4-103 4.6.1 Architectural Works Plan ................................................................................................. 4-103 4.6.2 Mechanical Facilities ....................................................................................................... 4-108

4.7 Track Plan ................................................................................................................................... 4-112 4.7.1 Design Standard of MRT Line 6 ...................................................................................... 4-112 4.7.2 Specifications of Track Materials ..................................................................................... 4-113 4.7.3 Track Laying Schedule .................................................................................................... 4-119

4.8 Operation Planning ..................................................................................................................... 4-119 4.8.1 Operation Planning Data ................................................................................................. 4-119 4.8.2 Running Time .................................................................................................................. 4-122 4.8.3 Operation Guide .............................................................................................................. 4-126 4.8.4 Number of Cars to be Formed and the Required Number of Train Sets ........................ 4-130 4.8.5 All Day Operation Headway and Number of Trains (Weekdays) .................................... 4-131 4.8.6 Peak Hour Diagram 2025 (8 Cars) .................................................................................. 4-132 4.8.7 Operation during an Emergency ..................................................................................... 4-133 4.8.8 Comparison of MRT Line 6 and MRT Line 1 Operation Plans ....................................... 4-134

4.9 Rolling Stock Plan ...................................................................................................................... 4-135 4.9.1 Outline ............................................................................................................................. 4-135 4.9.2 Design Criteria ................................................................................................................. 4-135 4.9.3 Passenger Capacity ........................................................................................................ 4-145

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4.9.4 Train formation ................................................................................................................. 4-145 4.9.5 Integrity with MRT Line 6 ................................................................................................. 4-146

4.10 Rolling Stock Depot Plan ........................................................................................................ 4-147 4.10.1 Track Layout of the Rolling Stock .................................................................................... 4-147 4.10.2 Location of the Rolling Stock Depot ................................................................................ 4-151 4.10.3 Geological Feature and Ground Improvement ................................................................ 4-156 4.10.4 Environmental Consideration .......................................................................................... 4-157 4.10.5 MRT Comparison between Line 1 & 6 ............................................................................ 4-157

4.11 Project Implementation Plan ................................................................................................... 4-158 4.11.1 Project implementation schedule plan ............................................................................ 4-158

4.12 Operation and Maintenance Systems .................................................................................... 4-163 4.12.1 Examination of Operation and Maintenance Systems .................................................... 4-163 4.12.2 Local Budget of Executing Agency .................................................................................. 4-165 4.12.3 Operation and Maintenance for MRT Line 1, Line 5 and Line 6 ..................................... 4-165

4.13 Recruitment Plan of DMTCL Staff ............................................................................................ 4-167

5.1 Project Component which Affects Environmental and Social Considerations ............................... 5-1 5.2 Environmental and Social Baseline................................................................................................ 5-2

Location and Climate ........................................................................................................... 5-2 Topography and Geology .................................................................................................... 5-2 Hydrology............................................................................................................................. 5-3 Wetland characteristics ....................................................................................................... 5-4 Natural park, sanctuaries and other conservation sites ...................................................... 5-4 Environmentally critical area ............................................................................................... 5-5 Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................... 5-5 Cultural Heritage .................................................................................................................. 5-6 Pollution Control .................................................................................................................. 5-7 Basic Information on Social Economy ................................................................................. 5-9 Environmental Conditions of the Project Site .................................................................... 5-13

5.3 Legal and Institutional Framework Regarding Environmental Consideration ............................. 5-16 Legal Framework ............................................................................................................... 5-16 Institution of EIA ................................................................................................................ 5-17 EIA Procedure ................................................................................................................... 5-17 EIA Projects and Report .................................................................................................... 5-18 Stakeholder Meetings and Disclosure of Information ....................................................... 5-19 Relevant Authorities of EIA ................................................................................................ 5-19 Comparison of JICA Guidelines and EIA System of Bangladesh ..................................... 5-21

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5.4 Comparisons on Alternatives........................................................................................................ 5-23 Comparisons of public transportation projects on RSTP .................................................. 5-23 Comparisons of Alternatives on MRT Line1 ...................................................................... 5-25

5.5 Scoping of EIA .............................................................................................................................. 5-31 Scoping Matrix ................................................................................................................... 5-31 TOR of EIA ........................................................................................................................ 5-35

5.6 The Results of the EIA Survey ..................................................................................................... 5-37 Results of the Survey of Each Items ................................................................................. 5-37 Accumulated Impacts by other Projects ............................................................................ 5-62 Traffic Management in Construction and Expected Negative Impacts ............................. 5-63 Concentration of Vehicle Traffic around Stations .............................................................. 5-64 Sensitive Facilities ............................................................................................................. 5-64 Considerations on Procurement of Materials .................................................................... 5-64 Issues on Projects assisted by other Donors .................................................................... 5-65

5.7 The Assessment of Impacts ......................................................................................................... 5-66 5.8 Mitigation Measures and Costs .................................................................................................... 5-70 5.9 Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................................................. 5-73

Monitoring plan .................................................................................................................. 5-73 Monitoring of Soil Contamination ...................................................................................... 5-77 Reporting and Inspection .................................................................................................. 5-78 Implementation Structure .................................................................................................. 5-79

5.10 Stakeholder Meetings (EIA) ....................................................................................................... 5-80 First Stage Stakeholder meetings ..................................................................................... 5-80 Second Stage Stakeholder meetings ................................................................................ 5-82 Summary of Opinions of Stakeholders .............................................................................. 5-84

5.11 Necessity of Land Acquisition and Resettlement ....................................................................... 5-84 5.12 Legal Framework of Land Acquisition and Resettlement ........................................................... 5-86

Current Legislation on Land Acquisition and Resettlement .............................................. 5-86 5.13 Gap between JICA’s Guidelines and Related Ordinances in Bangladesh ................................ 5-88

Gap between JICA’s Guidelines and related Ordinances in Bangladesh ........................ 5-88 5.14 Census and Socio-economic Survey ......................................................................................... 5-92

Eligibility Criteria ................................................................................................................ 5-92 The Project Area ................................................................................................................ 5-92 Profile of Affected Households .......................................................................................... 5-92 Scope of Land Acquisition ................................................................................................. 5-96 Displacement and Other Impacts ...................................................................................... 5-97 AP Preference for Relocation .......................................................................................... 5-100

5.15 Eligibility Policy and Entitlement Matrix .................................................................................... 5-101

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Eligibility Criteria .............................................................................................................. 5-101 Compensation and Entitlement Policy ............................................................................ 5-102 Income and Livelihood Restoration Strategy .................................................................. 5-105 Information on Depot ....................................................................................................... 5-106

5.16 Grievance Redress Committee ................................................................................................ 5-108 5.17 Implementation Organization ................................................................................................... 5-109

Implementation Organization .......................................................................................... 5-109 Appointment of Implementing Agency (I-NGO) ............................................................... 5-111

5.18 Implementation Schedule ......................................................................................................... 5-111 5.19 Resettlement and Compensation Costs & Budget ................................................................... 5-113 5.20 Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................................ 5-115

Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................................... 5-115 Internal Monitoring ........................................................................................................... 5-115 External Monitoring.......................................................................................................... 5-116 Reporting Requirements ................................................................................................. 5-116

5.21 Local Stakeholder Meeting (RAP) ............................................................................................ 5-117 1st Round Local SHM ...................................................................................................... 5-118 2nd Round Local SHM ...................................................................................................... 5-119 Focus Group Discussion on Gender ............................................................................... 5-122

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List of Figures Figure 1.3.1 MRT and BRT Routes in RAJUK Area ........................................................................... 1-2 Figure 1.3.2 Project Site ..................................................................................................................... 1-3 Figure 2.1.1 Location of MRT Line 1 and Line 5 ................................................................................ 2-1 Figure 2.1.2 Study Area ...................................................................................................................... 2-2 Figure 2.2.1 Population and Average Annual Growth Rate ................................................................ 2-4 Figure 2.2.2 Population Distribution in GDA (2011) ............................................................................ 2-4 Figure 2.2.3 GDP Growth of Bangladesh (2009–2017) ..................................................................... 2-5 Figure 2.2.4 Comparison of GDP between 2010-2011 and 2015-2016 ............................................. 2-6 Figure 2.2.5 GRDP in the Study Area ................................................................................................. 2-7 Figure 2.2.6 Employment by Occupation and Industry (Age 15 or Older) ......................................... 2-8 Figure 2.2.7 Distribution of Employed Persons by Broad Economic Sectors .................................... 2-9 Figure 2.2.8 Share of Household Income from 2000 to 2010 .......................................................... 2-10 Figure 2.2.9 Increasing Trend of Household Expenditure in Bangladesh ........................................ 2-10 Figure 2.2.10 GNI per Capita of Asian Country (2013) ...................................................................... 2-11 Figure 2.2.11 Change of Percentage of Poor People in National Level............................................. 2-12 Figure 2.3.1 Land Cover Changes between 1967 and 2010 ........................................................... 2-13 Figure 2.3.2 Land Cover in 1967, 1977, 1989, 1999 and 2010 ........................................................ 2-14 Figure 2.3.3 Land Use of RAJUK Area, 2013 ................................................................................... 2-16 Figure 2.3.4 Water Levels in Rivers around Dhaka during ............................................................... 2-23 Figure 2.3.5 Daily Rainfall in September 2004 ................................................................................. 2-24 Figure 2.3.6 The Inundation map of Greater Dhaka, 2004 ............................................................... 2-25 Figure 2.3.7 Water Logging Condition (Purba Jurain of Dhaka City) ............................................... 2-26 Figure 2.3.8 Street without Drainage (left) and Drainage Clogged with Garbage (right) ................. 2-26 Figure 2.4.1 Share of Total Newly Registered (2001–2013) Vehicles in GDA ................................. 2-29 Figure 2.4.2 Trend of Registered Rickshaws in the Urban GDA ...................................................... 2-31 Figure 2.4.3 Trend of Yearly Newly Registered Motor Cycles in Dhaka .......................................... 2-33 Figure 2.4.4 Trend of Yearly Newly Registered Tracks .................................................................... 2-33 Figure 2.4.5 Modal Share and Generated Trips of Motorized Vehicles in 2009 .............................. 2-34 Figure 2.4.6 Difference of Bus and Minibus ..................................................................................... 2-35 Figure 2.4.7 Existing Railway Network in RAJUK area .................................................................... 2-37 Figure 2.4.8 Share in CNGs (2013) among GDA Districts ............................................................... 2-39 Figure 2.4.9 Major Road Network in RAJUK Area ........................................................................... 2-40 Figure 2.4.10 BRT Line 3 Network ..................................................................................................... 2-46 Figure 3.1.1 Transport Corridor in RAJUK Area ................................................................................. 3-1 Figure 3.1.2 Proposed MRT Line 1 ..................................................................................................... 3-1 Figure 3.1.3 The Proposed MRT Line 1 by Pre-FS ............................................................................ 3-2

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Figure 3.1.4 Elevated and Underground Mixed Track Proposed by Pre-FS ...................................... 3-3 Figure 3.1.5 The Area of Influence of the Transition Section (Between Malibagh and Rampura

Stations) ......................................................................................................................... 3-3 Figure 3.1.6 The Area of the Transition Section ................................................................................. 3-4 Figure 3.1.7 Present BR Kamalapur Station and MRT Kamalapur Station........................................ 3-5 Figure 3.1.8 Image of Transferring between BRT and MRT at International Airport .......................... 3-6 Figure 3.1.9 BRT Line 3 Station .......................................................................................................... 3-7 Figure 3.2.1 Route Map of Line 1 ....................................................................................................... 3-9 Figure 3.2.2 The road width on major points of MRT Line 1 .......................................................... 3-12 Figure 3.2.3 Present Scenery of Sites for Stations (1) ..................................................................... 3-13 Figure 3.2.4 Proposed Location of Ventilation (1) ............................................................................ 3-20 Figure 3.2.5 Kamalapur Station-Case 1, 2, 3 ................................................................................... 3-30 Figure 3.3.1 Flowchart of 4 Step Traffic Demand Forecast Model ................................................... 3-32 Figure 3.3.2 Flowchart of Updating OD Table .................................................................................. 3-32 Figure 3.3.3 Location of Supplemental Traffic Survey ...................................................................... 3-33 Figure 3.3.4 Update of Current O/D Table ........................................................................................ 3-34 Figure 3.3.5 Location Map of Traffic Count Survey by RSTP Supplement Study ............................ 3-35 Figure 3.3.6 Hourly Trip Ratio (Present) ........................................................................................... 3-35 Figure 3.3.7 Hourly Trip Ratio (After 2035) ....................................................................................... 3-36 Figure 3.3.8 Road Development by Phase Proposed in RSTP ....................................................... 3-37 Figure 3.3.9 Prioritized Route / Section ............................................................................................ 3-38 Figure 3.3.10 Line Volume by Section of MRT Line 1 (Main Line) ..................................................... 3-39 Figure 3.3.11 Line Volume by Section of MRT Line 1 (Purbachal Line) ............................................ 3-41 Figure 4.1.1 Route of Line 1 ............................................................................................................... 4-1 Figure 4.2.1 Island Platform and Separate Platform .......................................................................... 4-4 Figure 4.2.2 Approach Track Connected between Terminal and Depot (Option 4) ........................... 4-8 Figure 4.2.3 Track Layout Diagram .................................................................................................... 4-9 Figure 4.2.4 Sharp Curve Section at Malibagh ................................................................................. 4-11 Figure 4.2.5 The Area near the Rampura Bridge ............................................................................. 4-12 Figure 4.2.6 Proposed Kuril Fly-Over Route of Passage ................................................................. 4-13 Figure 4.2.7 Location of the Exit and Entrance ................................................................................ 4-14 Figure 4.2.8 River Bridges ................................................................................................................ 4-14 Figure 4.2.9 Alignment at River Bridges ........................................................................................... 4-14 Figure 4.3.1 Boring Location ............................................................................................................. 4-15 Figure 4.3.2 Geological Cross Section ............................................................................................. 4-22 Figure 4.4.1 BWDB Water Level Recording Stations around Dhaka City ........................................ 4-23 Figure 4.5.1 Road Plan along the Purbachal Line ............................................................................ 4-25 Figure 4.5.2 Existing Features of Purbachal .................................................................................... 4-25

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Figure 4.5.3 Between Stations Standard Cross Section (Centre Divider) ....................................... 4-30 Figure 4.5.4 Typical Viaduct Provided in the Green Space.............................................................. 4-30 Figure 4.5.5 Balu River Highway Bridge ........................................................................................... 4-30 Figure 4.5.6 MRT Line 1 Balu River Bridge ...................................................................................... 4-31 Figure 4.5.7 Structural Cross Sections of Station............................................................................. 4-31 Figure 4.5.8 Purbachal Terminal Station .......................................................................................... 4-32 Figure 4.5.9 Construction Gauge Recommended by STRASYA ..................................................... 4-34 Figure 4.5.10 Cross Section of Tunnel ............................................................................................... 4-35 Figure 4.5.11 TBM Arrangement ........................................................................................................ 4-37 Figure 4.5.12 Standard Underground Plan and Cross Section .......................................................... 4-39 Figure 4.5.13 Standard Station Platform with 2 Columns .................................................................. 4-39 Figure 4.5.14 Station end Cross Section ............................................................................................ 4-40 Figure 4.5.15 Station End Longitudinal Cross Section ....................................................................... 4-40 Figure 4.5.16 (1) Kamalapur Station Plan .......................................................................................... 4-42 Figure 4.5.17 Standard Underground Station .................................................................................... 4-44 Figure 4.5.18 Cross Section of Malibagh Station ............................................................................... 4-45 Figure 4.5.19 (1) Rampura Station Plan ............................................................................................. 4-46 Figure 4.5.20 Notun Bazar Station Plan ............................................................................................. 4-49 Figure 4.5.21 Notun Bazar Station Cross Sections (A-A Section, B-B Section) ................................ 4-50 Figure 4.5.22 Notun Bazar Station Plan and Cross Sections (C-C Section) ..................................... 4-51 Figure 4.5.23 Cross Section of Future Park Station ........................................................................... 4-52 Figure 4.5.24 (1) Airport Terminal 3 Station - Airport Station Plan .................................................... 4-54 Figure 4.5.25 (1) Airport Station ~ Construction Ending Point Plan ................................................... 4-56 Figure 4.5.26 Concept of Protection of Existing Buildings ................................................................. 4-58 Figure 4.5.27 Plan and Profile at Transition Between Future Park Station - Bashundhara Station (1) ................................................................................................................................................................. 4-60 Figure 4.5.28 Cross Section of Transit between Future Park Station - Bashundhara Station .......... 4-63 Figure 4.5.29 Ventilation Tower attached to Entrance ....................................................................... 4-64 Figure 4.5.30 Ventilation Duct and Tower .......................................................................................... 4-64 Figure 4.5.31 Entrance at Pedestrian Passageway ........................................................................... 4-65 Figure 4.5.32 Escalator Detail ............................................................................................................ 4-66 Figure 4.5.33 General Layout of Passageway, Lines 1 & 5 ............................................................... 4-68 Figure 4.5.34 NFPA130 1997 Edition ................................................................................................. 4-72 Figure 4.5.35 NFPA130 2010&2017 Edition ...................................................................................... 4-72 Figure 4.5.36 Piling Foundation and Substructure Construction ....................................................... 4-75 Figure 4.5.37 The Span by Span Method Girder Erection ................................................................. 4-76 Figure 4.5.38 Construction Method by Span by Span ....................................................................... 4-77 Figure 4.5.39 Proposed Station Box Construction Procedure ........................................................... 4-81

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Figure 4.5.40 Procedure of Cut and Cover Tunnelling ....................................................................... 4-83 Figure 4.5.41 Cross Section of Cut and Cover Tunnel ...................................................................... 4-83 Figure 4.5.42 Kinds of Shield Boring Machines ................................................................................. 4-84 Figure 4.5.43 Overview of Earth Pressure Shield Machine ............................................................... 4-85 Figure 4.5.44 Overview of Slurry Shield Machine .............................................................................. 4-86 Figure 4.5.45 Sample of Back Yard Facility (Slurry Shield Machine) ................................................ 4-87 Figure 4.5.46 Example of Arrangement of Surry Shield Tunnelling Ground Facility (Japan Civil

Engineering Society) .................................................................................................... 4-88 Figure 4.5.47 TBM Launching Shaft ................................................................................................... 4-89 Figure 4.5.48 An Example: TBM outer radius 6.7m, weight 360t was lifted up by 6.2m with 4 x 150t jacks ................................................................................................................................................................. 4-90 Figure 4.5.49 Protection of Viaduct at 2K500m .................................................................................. 4-92 Figure 4.5.50 Protection of Rampura Brigde ...................................................................................... 4-93 Figure 4.5.51 Protection of Kuril Fly-over ........................................................................................... 4-93 Figure 4.5.52 Connection with MRT Line 6 by Underpass ................................................................. 4-94 Figure 4.5.53 Box Culvert Cross Section ........................................................................................... 4-95 Figure 4.5.54 Procedure of Construction Box Culvert ........................................................................ 4-95 Figure 4.5.55 Schedule of Underpass Construction .......................................................................... 4-96 Figure 4.5.56 Central Working Island ................................................................................................. 4-97 Figure 4.5.57 One side Working Island .............................................................................................. 4-97 Figure 4.5.58 Underground Civil Works Construction Schedule ...................................................... 4-100 Figure 4.5.59 Tunnel Construction Schedule by TBM ..................................................................... 4-101 Figure 4.6.1 Barrier – Free Design Related Features .................................................................... 4-105 Figure 4.6.2 Type of Signage.......................................................................................................... 4-107 Figure 4.6.3 Standard station layout ............................................................................................... 4-108 Figure 4.7.1 Direct-Fixation Track System ..................................................................................... 4-114 Figure 4.7.2 The Structure of the “Non-Ballast Concrete Bed with PC Sleeper in a Rubber Box” 4-116 Figure 4.7.3 Construction Procedure .............................................................................................. 4-117 Figure 4.7.4 Normal Schedule of Track Works ............................................................................... 4-119 Figure 4.8.1 Railway Sketch ........................................................................................................... 4-124 Figure 4.8.2 Operation Curves (Example) ...................................................................................... 4-125 Figure 4.8.3 Peak Hour Diagram 2025 (8 Cars) ............................................................................. 4-132 Figure 4.8.4 Peak Hour Diagram 2035 (8 Cars) ............................................................................. 4-133 Figure 4.8.5 Operation during an Emergency ................................................................................ 4-133 Figure 4.9.1 Rolling Stock Gauge (On straight track in the stopped state) .................................... 4-136 Figure 4.9.2 Structure Gauge for straight lines at the elevated section ......................................... 4-137 Figure 4.9.3 Structure Gauge for straight lines at the underground section .................................. 4-138 Figure 4.9.4 Conceptual diagram of the leading car and the intermediate car .............................. 4-142

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Figure 4.10.1 Example of rail car repair track ................................................................................. 4-149 Figure 4.10.2 Example of rail car wash track ................................................................................. 4-149 Figure 4.10.3 Example of automatic rail car washing machine ...................................................... 4-149 Figure 4.10.4 Example of Wheel surface grinding machine for wheel truing ................................. 4-149 Figure 4.10.5 An example of the device which can inspect and maintain the parts by lifting all the car

bodies at the same time ........................................................................................... 4-150 Figure 4.10.6 Turntable for the bogie ............................................................................................. 4-150 Figure 4.10.7 General Layout of the Depot .................................................................................... 4-151 Figure 4.10.8 Rolling Stock Depot Location Alternatives ............................................................... 4-152 Figure 4.10.9 Approach Track Connected between Terminal and Depot (Option 3) ..................... 4-153 Figure 4.10.10 General Layout of the Option 3 ................................................................................ 4-153 Figure 4.10.11 Approach Track Connected between Terminal and Depot (Option 4) .................... 4-154 Figure 4.10.12 General Layout of the Option 4 ................................................................................ 4-154 Figure 4.10.13 Geological Survey Data Near the Rolling Stock Depot ........................................... 4-156 Figure 4.11.1 Schedule of Inauguration at End of 2026 ................................................................. 4-159 Figure 4.11.2 Integrated Section Construction Schedule (1) ......................................................... 4-161 Figure 4.12.1 DMTCL Organization for MRT Line 6 ....................................................................... 4-164 Figure 4.12.2 New Organization of DMTCL at the operation of MRT Line1 and Line 5 ................ 4-165 Figure 4.12.3 Operation and Maintenance Section for MRT Line1, Line 5 and Line 6 .................. 4-166 Figure 5.1.1 Route of MRT Line 1 ..................................................................................................... 5-1 Figure 5.2.1 Monthly average precipitation and temperature ........................................................... 5-2 Figure 5.2.2 National Seismic Zoning Map of Bangladesh .............................................................. 5-3 Figure 5.2.3 Natural Preservation Areas in GDA .............................................................................. 5-5 Figure 5.2.4 Archaeological Heritage in Dhaka city .......................................................................... 5-6 Figure 5.2.5 Concentrations of Air Pollutants measured on November 2012 to August 2014（Darus-

Salam） ........................................................................................................................ 5-8 Figure 5.2.6 Land-use Map Prepared by RAJUK ........................................................................... 5-12 Figure 5.2.7 Route of MRT Line1 .................................................................................................... 5-13 Figure 5.2.8 Surroundings of Kamalapur Station ........................................................................... 5-14 Figure 5.2.9 Surroundings of Rajarbagh Station ............................................................................ 5-14 Figure 5.2.10 Surroundings of Rajarbagh Station – Malibagh Station ............................................. 5-14 Figure 5.2.11 Surroundings of Hatir Jheel Station ............................................................................ 5-14 Figure 5.2.12 Surroundings of Notun Bazar Station ......................................................................... 5-15 Figure 5.2.13 Surroundings of Future Park Station .......................................................................... 5-15 Figure 5.2.14 Surroundings of Kuril Station ...................................................................................... 5-15 Figure 5.2.15 Surroundings of Bashundhara Station ....................................................................... 5-15 Figure 5.2.16 Developing Purbachal Area ........................................................................................ 5-16 Figure 5.2.17 Surroundings of Depot Site of Line1 .......................................................................... 5-16

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Figure 5.3.1 Flow of ECC acquisition.............................................................................................. 5-18 Figure 5.3.2 Organogram of DoE and DOF .................................................................................... 5-20 Figure 5.4.1 Scope of Kuril viaduct plan and Kuril underground plan ............................................ 5-26 Figure 5.4.2 Structure of the Options .............................................................................................. 5-26 Figure 5.4.3 Options of Depot Site .................................................................................................. 5-31 Figure 5.6.1 Air Quality Sampling Location of MRT Line 1 ............................................................. 5-38 Figure 5.6.2 Surface and Ground Water Sampling Location of MRT Line 1 .................................. 5-40 Figure 5.6.3 Noise Level Monitoring Location of MRT Line 1 ......................................................... 5-43 Figure 5.6.4 Arrangement of Sound Source, Sound Receiving Point and Explanation of Path

Difference ................................................................................................................... 5-46 Figure 5.6.5 Depot Location in Bio-ecological Zones of Bangladesh ............................................. 5-49 Figure 5.6.6 Archaeological Heritage in Dhaka city ........................................................................ 5-58 Figure 5.6.7 Inundation Risk around MRT Line1 (location of inundation on September, 2004) .... 5-61 Figure 5.6.8 Major Projects in Dhaka .............................................................................................. 5-62 Figure 5.6.9 Sensitive Facilities along MRT Line1 .......................................................................... 5-64 Figure 5.9.1 Organization Chart of ERD ......................................................................................... 5-80 Figure 5.10.1 First Stage Stakeholder Meeting (Rampura).............................................................. 5-80 Figure 5.10.2 Second Stage Stakeholder Meeting (Airport) ............................................................ 5-82 Figure 5.11.1 MRT Line 1 Map ......................................................................................................... 5-85 Figure 5.11.2 Typical Cross Section of Underground Station ........................................................... 5-86 Figure 5.12.1 Flow of Land Acquisition ............................................................................................. 5-87 Figure 5.15.1 Depot ........................................................................................................................ 5-107 Figure 5.16.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................... 5-109 Figure 5.17.1 RAP Implementation Organogram ........................................................................... 5-110

List of Tables

Table 2.2.1 Population and Area of GDA District .............................................................................. 2-3 Table 2.2.2 Population and Area of RAJUK Area ............................................................................. 2-3 Table 2.2.3 Population Growth Rate in the Study Area .................................................................... 2-4 Table 2.2.4 GDP Growth of Bangladesh (2009–2017) ..................................................................... 2-5 Table 2.2.5 GDP by Industry Sector at Constant Price of Bangladesh (2009–2017) ....................... 2-6 Table 2.2.6 GRDP in the Study Area ................................................................................................. 2-7 Table 2.2.7 Employment by Occupation and Industry (Age 15 or Older) ......................................... 2-8 Table 2.2.8 Distribution of Employed Persons by Broad Economic Sectors .................................... 2-9 Table 2.3.1 Existing Land Use of the RDP Area ............................................................................. 2-15 Table 2.3.2 Land Use Composition in Dhaka Central Region ........................................................ 2-17 Table 2.3.3 Land Use Composition in Northern Region ................................................................. 2-18 Table 2.3.4 Land Use Composition in Eastern Region ................................................................... 2-19

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Table 2.3.5 Land Use Composition in Western Region .................................................................. 2-20 Table 2.3.6 Land Use Composition in Southern Region ................................................................. 2-21 Table 2.3.7 Land Use Composition in South-Western Region ....................................................... 2-22 Table 2.4.1 Number of Registered Motor Vehicles in Dhaka by Year ............................................. 2-32 Table 2.4.2 Summary of the Inter-District Bus Terminals ................................................................ 2-35 Table 2.4.3 Summary of Commuter Train Fare of RAJUK Area ..................................................... 2-36 Table 2.4.4 Progress of Northern Part of BRT Line 3 ..................................................................... 2-47 Table 2.4.5 General Features of Dhaka Elevated Expressway (DEE) Project ............................... 2-48 Table 2.4.6 Progress of Works by Items of Dhaka Elevated Expressway (DEE) Project .............. 2-48 Table 3.2.1 Station List of Line 1 ..................................................................................................... 3-10 Table 3.2.2 Location of Stations and Type of Platform ................................................................... 3-11 Table 3.2.3 Comparison of Alternative Proposals for the Airport Line Structure ............................ 3-24 Table 3.2.4 MRT Line 6 Specifications ............................................................................................ 3-26 Table 3.3.1 Traffic Count Survey Stations ....................................................................................... 3-33 Table 3.3.2 List of Prioritized Route / Section ................................................................................. 3-38 Table 3.3.3 List and Fare Setting of Mass Transit .......................................................................... 3-38 Table 3.3.4 Estimated Performance Indicators of MRT Line 1 ....................................................... 3-39 Table 3.3.5 Line Volume by Section of MRT Line 1 (Main Line) : 000/day ..................................... 3-40 Table 3.3.6 Line Volume by Section of MRT Line 1 (Purbachal Line): 000/day ............................. 3-42 Table 4.1.1 Specifications Required for Alignment Planning ............................................................ 4-2 Table 4.3.1 Summary of Soil Layers ............................................................................................... 4-16 Table 4.3.2 Soil Parameters ............................................................................................................ 4-22 Table 4.4.1 Danger Levels and Respective Highest Flood Level around Dhaka City Area ........... 4-24 Table 4.5.1 Comparison of Structure Types .................................................................................... 4-26 Table 4.5.2 Comparison between PCT Girder and PC Box Girder ................................................ 4-28 Table 4.5.3 Comparison Among Girders ......................................................................................... 4-29 Table 4.5.4 Comparison between Article 29 of MLIT and NFPA130 .............................................. 4-70 Table 4.5.5 Standards for Emergency Exit for Underground Trainways by NFPA 130 .................. 4-71 Table 4.5.6 Comparison of Earth Supporting Systems ................................................................... 4-78 Table 4.5.7 Major Works Quantities .............................................................................................. 4-101 Table 4.7.1 Specifications of Track Structure ................................................................................ 4-113 Table 4.7.2 Maintenance Standard of the Track in Japanese Railway Companies ..................... 4-118 Table 4.7.3 Example of Mixing Ratio of Track Bed Concrete ....................................................... 4-118 Table 4.8.1 Max PPHPD ............................................................................................................... 4-120 Table 4.8.2 Capacity of EMU ........................................................................................................ 4-121 Table 4.8.3 Stopping Time at Station ............................................................................................ 4-121 Table 4.8.4 Operation Guide ......................................................................................................... 4-126 Table 4.8.5 Travel Time and Arrival Time ...................................................................................... 4-127

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Table 4.8.6 Number of Trains and Headway (All Train Go to Kamalapur Station) ....................... 4-128 Table 4.8.7 Number of Trains and Headway (Some Trains Return from Notun) .......................... 4-129 Table 4.8.8 Operation Plan 2025 (8 Cars) .................................................................................... 4-130 Table 4.8.9 Operation Plan 2035 (8 Cars) .................................................................................... 4-131 Table 4.8.10 Rolling Stock Procurement Plan ................................................................................ 4-131 Table 4.8.11 All Day Operation Headway and Number of Trains ................................................... 4-132 Table 4.8.12 Comparison with MRT Line 6 ..................................................................................... 4-134 Table 4.9.1 Line Profile of Dhaka Line1 ........................................................................................ 4-135 Table 4.9.2 Weather Condition ...................................................................................................... 4-136 Table 4.9.3 Codes and Standards ................................................................................................. 4-140 Table 4.9.4 Performance requirements of Propulsion and Brake System .................................... 4-141 Table 4.9.5 Outline of Car body .................................................................................................... 4-141 Table 4.9.6 Train Communication Equipment ............................................................................... 4-143 Table 4.9.7 Principal Bogie Data ................................................................................................... 4-143 Table 4.9.8 Main Equipment of the Driving Cab ........................................................................... 4-143 Table 4.9.9 APU Specifications ..................................................................................................... 4-144 Table 4.9.10 Auxiliary Machine Load .............................................................................................. 4-145 Table 4.9.11 Passenger Capacity of Each Train Formation ........................................................... 4-145 Table 4.9.12 Countermeasures Against Structure Gauge for the Underground Section ............... 4-146 Table 4.10.1 Required Number of Trains and Train Sets According to the Operation Plan ........ 4-147 Table 4.10.2 Number of Train Sets Kept at Storage Track ............................................................. 4-147 Table 4.10.3 Comparison between Option 3 and Option 4 (1) ....................................................... 4-155 Table 4.10.4 Comparison between Option 3 and Option 4 (2) ....................................................... 4-155 Table 4.10.5 Comparison between Line 1 &6 ................................................................................. 4-157 Table 4.11.1 Key Dates ................................................................................................................... 4-163 Table 4.13.1 Calculation of Personnel for MRT Line 1 and Line 5 ................................................. 4-167 Table 4.13.2 Yearly Recruitment Plan of DMTCL for MRT Line 6, Line 1 and Line 5 .................... 4-168 Table 5.1.1 Project Components ....................................................................................................... 5-1 Table 5.2.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQ) in Bangladesh ................................... 5-7 Table 5.2.2 Noise Standard of Bangladesh and WHO Guidelines ................................................... 5-8 Table 5.2.3 Noise Levels around the Project Site ............................................................................. 5-8 Table 5.2.4 Results of water quality survey around the project site (2010) ...................................... 5-9 Table 5.2.5 District Based Population and Area.............................................................................. 5-10 Table 5.2.6 GRDA in GDA ............................................................................................................... 5-11 Table 5.2.7 Assumed Land Acquisition and Resettlement ............................................................. 5-13 Table 5.3.1 Relevant Laws on the Environment ............................................................................. 5-16 Table 5.3.2 Red Category Projects ................................................................................................. 5-18 Table 5.3.3 Comparison of JICA Guidelines and EIA System of Bangladesh ................................ 5-21

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Table 5.4.1 Comparisons of public transportation projects on RSTP ............................................. 5-23 Table 5.4.2 Comparison of Structures of MRT Line1 ...................................................................... 5-27 Table 5.4.3 Comparisons of Depot Site Options ............................................................................. 5-30 Table 5.5.1 Draft Scoping (MRT Line1) ........................................................................................... 5-32 Table 5.5.2 TOR of EIA of MRT Line1 ............................................................................................. 5-35 Table 5.6.1 Air Quality Sampling Location of MRT Line 1 .............................................................. 5-37 Table 5.6.2 Ambient Air Quality of MRT 1 ....................................................................................... 5-39 Table 5.6.3 Estimated falling dust on typical construction work ..................................................... 5-39 Table 5.6.4 Surface water Sampling Location of MRT Line 1 ......................................................... 5-40 Table 5.6.5 Surface Water Quality Analysis Result ......................................................................... 5-41 Table 5.6.6 Noise Level Sampling Location of MRT Line 1 ............................................................ 5-42 Table 5.6.7 Noise Level Analysis of the MRT Line 1 ....................................................................... 5-43 Table 5.6.8 Results of Prediction of Construction Noise................................................................. 5-45 Table 5.6.9 Prediction of Noise Level during Train Operation after ................................................ 5-48 Table 5.6.10 Tree Species in Deport Area ........................................................................................ 5-50 Table 5.6.11 Aquatic Flora in the Study Area .................................................................................... 5-52 Table 5.6.12 Bird Species in the Depot Area .................................................................................... 5-52 Table 5.6.13 List of Amphibians and Reptiles in Depot Area ............................................................ 5-53 Table 5.6.14 List of Fish in Depot Area ............................................................................................. 5-54 Table 5.6.15 Ground water Sampling Location of MRT Line 1 ......................................................... 5-55 Table 5.6.16 Ground Water Quality of MRT Line 1 ........................................................................... 5-55 Table 5.6.17 Reduction Volume of CO2 Emission by MRT Line 1 ................................................... 5-61 Table 5.7.1 Draft Scoping (MRT Line1) ........................................................................................... 5-66 Table 5.8.1 Mitigation Plan and Cost on Construction Phase ........................................................ 5-70 Table 5.8.2 Mitigation Plan and Cost on Operation Phase ............................................................. 5-72 Table 5.9.1 Monitoring Plan and Cost on Construction Phase ....................................................... 5-73 Table 5.9.2 Monitoring Plan and Cost on Operation Phase ........................................................... 5-76 Table 5.9.3 Example of Soil Contaminants ..................................................................................... 5-78 Table 5.9.4 Monitoring report .......................................................................................................... 5-79 Table 5.9.5 Monitoring Schedule ..................................................................................................... 5-79 Table 5.10.1 Opinions on Stakeholder Meetings (First round) ......................................................... 5-81 Table 5.10.2 Opinions on Stakeholder Meetings (Second round) .................................................... 5-83 Table 5.13.1 Gap and Gap Filling Measure ...................................................................................... 5-88 Table 5.14.1 Number of Male and Female Population by Location .................................................. 5-93 Table 5.14.2 Affected Households by Location and Religion ........................................................... 5-93 Table 5.14.3 Level of Education of the Head of the Households ..................................................... 5-94 Table 5.14.4 Age Distribution of Affected Population by Location .................................................... 5-95 Table 5.14.5 Poverty Level and Annual Income (BDT) of Head of the Households ........................ 5-95

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Table 5.14.6 Vulnerable Households in Percentage and by Location .............................................. 5-96 Table 5.14.7 Land Acquisition of the Project by Mouza and Type of Land ....................................... 5-97 Table 5.14.8 Displacement of PAHs and Impacts by Location ......................................................... 5-97 Table 5.14.9 Number of PAHs by Location on Private (Title-Holder) and Public Land (Non-Titled PAHs) ................................................................................................................................................................. 5-98 Table 5.14.10 Quantity of all Affected Structure (sq. meter) by Type and by Location ................... 5-99 Table 5.14.11 Distribution of CPR by Location ................................................................................. 5-100 Table 5.14.12 Preference of CBEs for Relocation by Location in Percentage................................. 5-101 Table 5.15.1 Compensation and Entitlement Policy ....................................................................... 5-102 Table 5.15.2 Livelihood Restoration Options .................................................................................. 5-105 Table 5.16.1 Grievance Redress Procedures ................................................................................. 5-108 Table 5.18.1 RAP Implementation Schedule .................................................................................. 5-112 Table 5.19.1 Summary and Indicative Budget of Land Acquisition and Resettlement of MRT Line 1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 5-113 Table 5.20.1 Potential Monitoring Indicators ................................................................................... 5-115 Table 5.20.2 Model format for RAP implementation Monitoring – Quarterly Report ...................... 5-117 Table 5.21.1 Summary of the Local Stakeholder Meeting .............................................................. 5-118 Table 5.21.2 Summary of the Local Stakeholder Meeting .............................................................. 5-120 Table 5.21.3 Summary of the Focus Group Discussion ................................................................. 5-122

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ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AFD Agence Francaise de Developpement BBA Bangladesh Bridge Authority BIWTA Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority BIWTC Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation BR Bangladesh Railway BRT Bus Rapid Transit BRTA Bangladesh Road Transport Authority BRTC Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation BUET Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology C&B Construction & Building CASE Clean Air and Sustainable Environment CNG Compressed Natural Gas DAP Detail Area Plan DCC Dhaka City Corporation DF/R Draft Final Report DFID Department for International Development DHUTS Dhaka Urban Transportation Network Development Study DMA Dhaka Metropolitan Area DMDP Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan DMP Dhaka Metropolitan Police DMTA Dhaka Metropolitan Transport Authority DMTCL Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited DNCC Dhaka North City Corporation DPP Department of Printing and Publications DRTM Directorate of Road Transport Maintenance DSCC Dhaka South City Corporation DTCA Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority DTCB Dhaka Transport Coordination Board ECNEC Executive Committee of the National Economic Council EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return F/R Final Report FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environmental Facility GIBR Government Inspector of the Bangladesh Railways GOB Government of Bangladesh GOJ Government of Japan GPS Global Positioning System HIS Household Interview Survey IC/R Inception Report IT/R Interim Report JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LDC Least Developed Country LGD Local Government Division LGED Local Government Engineering Department

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MOC Ministry of Communication MOHPW Ministry of Housing and Public Works MOR Ministry of Railways MRT Mass Rapid Transit NGO Non-Governmental Organizations OD Origin and Destination ODA Official Development Assistance PPPO Public Private Partnership Office PT Project Team RAJUK Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha RD Record of Discussions RHD Road and Highway Department RTC Regional Transport Committee SC Steering Committee SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SPA Survey and Plan Area STP Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka TDM Traffic Demand Management TOR Terms of Reference UMRT Urban Mass Raid Transit WB World Bank WG Working Group

The Preparatory Study on The Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit Development Project (Line 1)

Final Report (Summary)

1-1

Introduction

Background

Dhaka City is the capital of the +People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The Dhaka Metropolitan Area (DMA) has a population of 9.3 million in 2011. Currently, urban transportation in the DMA relies mostly on road transport, where car, bus, auto-rickshaw, rickshaw, etc. coexist. This creates serious traffic congestion in addition to health hazards caused by traffic pollution including air pollution. With the rapid national economic growth, the urban population is expected to increase and so will the number of privately owned automobiles. Therefore, improving the urban (public) transportation system in the DMA has become a critical issue to ease traffic congestion and arrest environmental deterioration.

With this situation, the government of Bangladesh (GOB) formulated the “Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka” (STP) in 2005 in cooperation with the World Bank (WB). Since the STP was officially approved by the GOB, it is expected that each donor will hereafter provide the assistance based on this STP to improve the urban transportation situation. And the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted the Dhaka Urban Transportation Network Development Study (DHUTS) Phase 1 from March 2009 with the DTCA as its counterpart agency. The study’s objectives were to conceptualize the basic urban development scenario for the DMA by 2025 and to select priority projects that would help build such a scenario. That study recommended the MRT Line 6 as a priority project. As a result, JICA conducted the feasibility study on MRT Line 6 under DHUTS Phase 2. Following these studies, the GOB and JICA concluded the loan agreement on the “Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit Development Project” on February 2013 to construct MRT Line 6. Meanwhile, the World Bank finished the feasibility study and basic design of BRT Line 3 and is now preparing the project’s detailed design. On the other hand, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) already completed the basic design of the BRT Line 3 extension project (from the airport to Gazipur) and since April 2013 has conducted the activities for the detailed design stage.

As for the transportation network plan, the STP, which was formulated in 2005, identified three BRT lines (i.e., BRT Lines 1, 2, and 3) that were supposed to commence before 2010. But except for MRT Line 6 and BRT Line 3 above, other projects stated in the STP have not started yet and so the STP needed to be reviewed and updated. And JICA conducted the Project on the Revision and Updating of the Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka (RSTP) from May 2014 with the DTCA as its counterpart agency.

It is thus under these circumstances that the GOB and JICA have made several preliminary discussions in order to identify priority projects in the field of transport sector, and agreed to make preparation for Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit Development Project (Line 1 and Line 5). Accordingly, JICA dispatched a mission on the project to GOB from March 7, 2016 in order to develop scope and implementing arrangements of a further survey which would study feasibility of the project.

The Preparatory Study on The Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit Development Project (Line 1) Final Report (Summary)

1-2

Objectives of the Project

The objectives of the Project are to alleviate traffic congestion and improve air pollution in the Dhaka City by constructing mass rapid transit system, thereby contributing to the economic and social development and improvement of urban environment.

MRT Line 1 (1st phase) and MRT Line 5 (1st phase) were prioritized as the high priority projects by RSTP. In this project, feasibility study of MRT Line 1 (1st phase) and MRT Line 5 (1st phase) supposed to be implemented and set up feasible project plan and project implementation plan considering of technical, economic and budgeting, and environment and social aspects.

Scope of the Project

As mentioned in the objectives of the study, when MRT Line 1 and Line 5 will be nominated as an ODA project such as Yen-loan project, the project implementation plan and consultation plan will be required to appraise by international-financing agencies. In the appraisal, the appraisal, the following these issues are essentials.

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 1.3.1 MRT and BRT Routes in RAJUK Area



1-3

Project Site

Districts of Dhaka, Gazipur, Manikganj, Narayanganj, Munshiganj and Narsingdi.

Source: JICA Study Team

Figure 1.3.2 Project Site

Executing Agencies

Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA)

Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTCL)

Basic Policy and Points of the Study

Key Points of the Study

Outputs of this study will be the basic information to evaluate the MRT projects as Japan’s yean load project. So, the following issues need to be considered with JICA’s guidelines when compiling the results.

1. Methods of procurements and constructions (including TORs of BD and DD)

2. Project Costs (including MM of consultant services)

3. Capacity of Implementation and O&M

4. Indicators of Operation and Evaluation


1-4

Schedule of ECC

This project is the feasibility study of MRT Line 1 and Line 5, and the environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be made for each MRT Lines.

Consistencies with the MRT Line 6

Standardisation of MRT system needs to be required to improve their quality and make them safer, and also in RSTP proposed MRT Lines should be networked each other. Therefore, some system of MRT Line 1 and Line 5 should be installed same with MRT Line 6.

(1) Integration of System, Regulations and Standard MRT Line 1, Line 5 and Line 6 will be shared tracks and station in the future, so MRT systems, regulations and standards need to be integrated.

(2) Integration of Automated Fare Collection System Automated fare collection system of MRT Line 1 and Line 5 will be installed same system with MRT Line 6. In order to adopt connected ride discount system with MRT lines and other public transports.

(3) Connectivity of MRT Line 1 with MRT Line 6 at Motijheel Area At the current situation, planned Motijheel station of MRT Line 6 will be far from proposed Kamalapur station of MRT Line 1. In this project, connectivity between those stations need to be considered.

Development around the station

A transit-oriented development (TOD) typically includes a central MRT station surrounded by a high-density mixed-use area, with lower-density areas spreading out from this centre. A TOD is also typically designed to be more walkable than other built-up areas, through using smaller block sizes and reducing the land area dedicated to automobiles.

TOD allows the transport operator to benefit from alternative revenue, and increased ridership. In turn, this provides opportunity for better services to be offered to the public.



2-1

Characteristics of the Project Area Location of the Project Area and Spatial Structure

Location

MRT Lines 1 and 5 were prioritized as high priority projects by RSTP. In this project, the feasibility study of MRT Lines 1 and 5 are supposed to be implemented. The location of Lines 1 and 5 is shown in Figure 2.1.1. The location and depo area are tentative and will be determined in this study.

Figure 2.1.1 Location of MRT Line 1 and Line 5

Administrative Units and Land Areas

MRT Lines 1 and 5 are located in Greater Dhaka Area (GDA). The survey area covers the whole GDA that consists of Dhaka, Gazipur, Manikganj, Munshiganj, Narayanganj, and Narshingdi districts. The total area is 7,500 sq. km with 24.4 million or more residents since 2011. The more developed 1,500-km2 Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK) has 14.8 million residents. In contrast to the low population density of the entire GDA (31 person/ha), RAJUK has a very high density at 111 person/ha. The center of RAJUK can also be expected to have a much higher population density than that of the entire RAJUK.

The project area is generally low, flat, fertile, and flood-prone. While most of the developed area within RAJUK is at an elevation of 6–8 m above sea level, the elevation of Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) varies from 2 to 13 m above sea level. Due to the topographical and geological characteristics of GDA, it is inevitable to experience floods and overflow during the rainy season. There were water channels, natural drainages, and low land areas in and around Dhaka in the past, which contributes to the retention and discharge of rain water. However, the acceleration of urban sprawl has interrupted those water retention areas.

As of 2005, 25% of the national gross domestic product (GDP) was contributed by the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) of GDA. The GRDP of Dhaka City contributes 15% to the national GDP as it is a capital and economic centre of Bangladesh. The agricultural sector is still dominant outside RAJUK, while industrialization has been promoted within it.


2-2

There are also two export processing zones (EPZs) in Savar in Dhaka District and Narayanganj City in Narayanganj District. Moreover, the informal economic sector provides significant number of job opportunities in Dhaka.

Like other parts of Bangladesh, GDA is largely dominated by agricultural land use; whilst residential areas spread along the main road and river networks. The large industrial areas and commercial/business areas can be found only in RAJUK. The residential or housing development in RAJUK mainly focus on rich households; therefore, many immigrants from outside RAJUK and low-income households are forced to live in slums where there is no access to the required basic infrastructures. One of the many reasons of urban development delay outside RAJUK area is because of the lack of transport infrastructures. Without transport networks, people and goods cannot be mobilized.

The provision of basic infrastructures varies by GDA district. The electrification rate of GDA, however, is only 63% while 97% of the households in Dhaka district has access to electricity. Coverage of piped drinking water varies between 37–95%. Narayanganj district has the highest coverage in GDA. Provision of sanitary water (with water seal) is very low with only 38% are provided in GDA.

Figure 2.1.2 Study Area



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Socio-Economic Profile

Population

Population

The total population of GDA in 2011 was approximately 23.5 million, which was 15.6% of the national population. Among the districts, Dhaka has the largest population with 51.3% of GDA; however, Gazipur showed the most rapid increase of population in the period of 2001–2011 and has the second largest population among all the districts. On the other hand, the populations of Manikganj, Munshiganj, and Narsingdi grew slowly compared to GDA, which suggests centralization of population (see Table 2.2.1).

Table 2.2.1 Population and Area of GDA District

District Area (sq.km)1) Population AGR

(%/year) 2001 2011

GDA

Dhaka 1,463.6 9,036,647 12,043,977 2.91 Gazipur 1,806.4 2,143,200 3,403,912 4.73

Manikganj 1,384.7 1,343,749 1,392,867 0.35 Munshiganj 1,004.3 1,353,483 1,445,660 0.66 Narayanganj 684.4 2,300,514 2,948,217 2.51

Narsingdi 1,150.1 1,983,449 2,224,944 1.15 TOTAL 7,492,5 18,161,042 23,459,577 2.59

% to National 5.1 13.9 15.6 - National 147,568.9 124,355,263 149,772,364

1) Area data from Statistical Year Book Bangladesh 2015 Source: Population and Housing Census 2011

RAJUK planning area covers some parts of Dhaka and Gazipur Districts as well as Narayanganj with 20.1% of the GDA. As per population, RAJUK area has 14.9 million in 2011, and the share of its share to GDA increased from 55.3% in 2001 to 60.7% in 2011 due to its rapid population increase (see Table 2.2.2).

On the contrary, the exterior of RAJUK area recorded lower growth ratio of population, except Gazipur District. RAJUK area which does not fall within the DCC South and North has been developing intensively for urbanization and population. The shape of expanding urbanized area becomes elongated from the north to south.

Table 2.2.2 Population and Area of RAJUK Area

Area (km2) Population AGR (%/year) 2001 2011

RAJUK Area 1502.3 10,037,120 14,819,160 3.99 Outside RAJUK Area 5,990.2 8,123,970 9,585,030 1.39

TOTAL 7,493 18,161 24,404 3.00 Source: Population and Housing Census 2011

Population Growth

The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics has been carrying out the Population and Housing Census since 1872. As shown in Figure 2.2.1, the average annual population growth rate (population AAGR) increased from 0.5% in 1921 to 2.5% in 1974 except between 1941 to 1951 due to World War II and starvation. More than 3 million people was assumed to have died due to starvation and malnutrition. However, after 1974, the population AAGR decreased from 2.5% to 1.4% in 2011.

In 2011, the population of GDA is 15.7% of the population of Bangladesh and has a population AAGR of 3.2% against a large number of social growth where only covers 5%


2-4

land area of Bangladesh as shown in Table 2.4. Among the GDA districts, the population of Dhaka covers more than half the GDA population. While Gazipur and Narayanganj’s population are lower than Dhaka’s, their population AAGRs are higher than convenient locations, which makes commute to Dhaka easy and they have a relatively lower land value.

Note: Adjusted population. Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 2012, BBS

Source: Population and Housing Census 2011, BBS

Figure 2.2.1 Population and Average Annual Growth Rate Figure 2.2.2 Population Distribution in GDA (2011)

Table 2.2.3 Population Growth Rate in the Study Area

Source: Population and Housing Census 2011, BBS

GDP

National GDP and GDP Growth

Since 2009, Bangladesh has been consistent in continuing to achieve high GDP with almost more than 6% growth rate despite the impact of world recession, the European financial crisis in 2007–2008, and especially the growth rate at constant price since 2015 has been more than 7%.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) published in the “World Economic Outlook, September 2014” the forecasted GDP growth rate of Bangladesh that will increase up to 7.0% by year 2017 based on economic development and potential. The GDP in Bangladesh has even exceeded the forecast in the report. Bangladesh has a high evaluation from international finance institutions that, in 2005, it was regarded as one of the Goldman Sach’s Next11 recognizing its potential of becoming one of the world’s larger economies after the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) and JP Morgan’s Frontier in 2007.

31.6 33.3 35.6 42.0 44.2

55.2

76.4 89.9

111.5 130.5

149.8

0.5% 0.7%

1.7%

0.5%

2.3%2.5%

2.4%2.2%

1.6%1.4%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1974 1981 1991 2001 2011

Annu

al Av

erag

e Gro

wth R

ate(%

)

Popu

latio

n (M

illion

)

Population (adjusted) Annual Growth Rate

8%

2% 1%

1%2%

2%

84%

Dhaka GazipurManikganj MunshiganjiNarayanganj NarsinghdiOthers

Growth Rate (%)

2001 2011 2001 2011 2001-2011 2001 2011147,570 130,523 149,772 100.0% 100.0% 1.4% 884 1,015 7,492 17,112 23,460 13.1% 15.7% 3.2% 2,284 3,131 1,464 8,511 12,044 6.5% 8.0% 3.5% 5,814 8,227 1,806 2,032 3,404 1.6% 2.3% 5.3% 1,125 1,885 1,384 1,205 1,393 0.9% 0.9% 1.5% 871 1,007 1,004 1,294 1,446 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1,289 1,440 684 2,174 2,948 1.7% 2.0% 3.1% 3,178 4,310

1,150 1,896 2,225 1.5% 1.5% 1.6% 1,649 1,935 1,429 10,804 15,853 8.3% 10.6% 3.9% 7,561 11,094

Population ('000) Population Share (%)Area (sq. km.)

Bangladesh

Rajuk Area

GDA- Dhaka- Gazipur- Manikganj- Munshiganji- Narayanganj- Narsinghdi

Population Density('000 person/sq.km)

Documents

THE PREPARATORY STUDY ON THE DHAKA MASS RAPID TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT … · 2019. 3. 4. · the preparatory study on the dhaka mass rapid transit development project (line 1)