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1 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
2 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
Cover: Mosaic at the North – Western entrance of the Ponderosa Valley Park.
Facing South – West.
3 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
The Ponderosa Valley Park
Management Plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
Produced by Christos Papachristou for
Sheffield City Council and Sheffield Homes.
4 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
Contents
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Location ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Historical elements ................................................................................................................................ 5
A need for Management Plan ...................................................................................................... 6
2. Key Issues ............................................................................................................................................ 6
The Park labour force ........................................................................................................................ 6
The Park Users ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Relationships with External Organisations ............................................................................ 7
The Physical Park Resource ........................................................................................................... 8
The Open Grass areas .................................................................................................................... 8
The Levelled area ............................................................................................................................... 8
The Orchard ............................................................................................................................................ 8
The Woodland ........................................................................................................................................ 8
The Tower Blocks ............................................................................................................................... 9
The Built Fabric and Other Components .......................................................................... 9
3. Vision and Aims ............................................................................................................................ 10
Vision ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
Aims ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
4. Management Recommendations .......................................................................................... 11
5. Management Plan Implementation .................................................................................... 14
6. Appendix .............................................................................................................................................. 15
7. References .......................................................................................................................................... 16
5 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
1. Introduction
Ponderosa Valley Park is a District park owned by
Sheffield City Council Parks and Sheffield Housing
Company. Along with Crookes Valley Park and
Weston Park, they form the Crookesmoor Parks.
(Fig. 1.1)
Location The Park lies between Crookes Valley rd.,
Mushroom Ln. and Bellefield str. to the South and
Oxford str., Albion str., Martin str. and Upperthorpe
rd. to the North.
The Northern (bottom) part has
gentle landform, with open areal
of close mown grass with trees
in groups or in a row next to
the main paths. The dominant
feature of the area though, is a
row of seven tower blocks
situated within the park at its
border with Martin str. (Fig. 1.2)
The Southern (top) part is a U-shaped steep slope, covered mostly by dense
woodland. Lower, in the middle of this U-shaped slope, there is a levelled area,
with poorly maintained short mown grass previously used as a football pitch,
now used as recreation ground and rugby training ground, surrounded by long
grass - meadow. At the North-most end of the woodland lies an orchard with
Prunus and Malus species mainly, as well as some Corylus, all looking
relatively neglected.
Historical elements The last major intervention that led to the Ponderosa Valley Park’s appearance
the way we know it today took place in the 1980’s; that is when the steep
slopes to the South were extensively planted with young trees. Before that, what
now is the Northern part used to be residential area until 1960’s called Port
Mahon. So was the South slope opposite Mushroom Ln. Even earlier, in the 18th
c. there used to be a quarry and three ponds. The orchard as well as the
daffodils and bulbs that exist around the park have been planted during 1992-
1995 by the Ponderosa Environmental Group. The Playgrounds were put on site
later on, in 2001.
Remnants of the historic past of the Park are the stone staircases that lead
from Crookes Valley rd. to the South playground and part of the gate of the
dam at the bottom of the South-most staircase. The existence of the housing is
still revealed by few cavings where the basements off Mushroom lane used to
be and from the layout of the wide paths (previously streets) at the Northern
part of the Park.
Fig. 1.1 The Crookesmoor Parks.
Fig. 1.2 The Ponderosa Valley Park - General plan view.
6 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
A need for Management Plan Taking into consideration the current situation of the Park (Sheffield Standard
scoring sheet in Appendix), that is to be described in more detail next, and the
potential it has to become a more usable space, it is essential to make a
management plan that will be copping with the Park’s particular issues, with
respect to health and safety, the environment, acknowledging the new financing
methods and ameliorating the existing context. The current economic conditions
as well as the beneficial role of a Park to a person’s personal wellbeing make
the need for developing a plan that will take advantage of the attributes of the
space (Woodstra, 2000, Wooley 2004).
2. Key Issues
The Park labour force The Park is currently maintained by a team of 6 under the surveillance of Andy
Phillips. The same team is also responsible for the maintenance of the other
two Crookesmoor Parks, Weston Park and Crookes Valley Park. The tasks carried
out in the Ponderosa include daily check of the playgrounds, mowing the grass,
with circles varying per season and type of grass, keeping the paths clear from
fallen leaves, that is a task carried out from late September to January and
dealing with emergencies like pruning obviously potentially harmful branches etc.
If we could say that the “labour force” is the water and the 3 Crookesmoor
Parks are 3 plants, the Ponderosa is being watered only when its leaves are all
wilted and a few are about to fall due to drought, while Crookes Valley Park
and even more Weston Park have rotten roots. That is said to indicate that
ceteris paribus, having simply the re-allocated the labour force, the Ponderosa
could have a much better appearance. It is roughly estimated that 1 full-time
and 1 part-time member of the staff will be needed for the first 2 years of
the application of this management plan. That number falls to 1 full-time
member of the staff, to even 1 part-time, provided that there has been a
response to the call for volunteers.
The current maintenance team is already skilled when it comes to horticulturally
maintained greenspaces. It is essential for the success of this plan, that the
maintenance team envisages the importance of community involvement and
development, volunteer engagement and quality children education, as well as
value the significance of invertebrates’ biodiversity in an ecosystem and of
sustainability in practice. That is to be achieved through exchange programs with
other municipal park maintenance personnel and other organisations like the
Sheffield Botanical Gardens and the National Trust.
The Park Users Currently the Ponderosa is mainly used as a walk-through and dog-walking
space. If the weather allows it, it is often used as a place to have barbeque,
jog, play and train. After the sunset, the park is solely used as a walk through
area since there has been only one jogger and two dog-walkers when it is
dark, on the days of observation. During the summer “Peace in the Park”, a
7 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
charity fund raising, artistic festival is held in June and that is when the Park
gets the biggest number of visitors, that according to official data exceeds
2,000 (estimate from “Peace in the Park” official site). The most regular users
of the park are residents from the surrounding areas, such as Crookes,
Netherthorpe, Upperthorpe, Broomhill etc. who, as already mentioned, mostly use
it as a walk-through area.
It is expected that after this management plan has come to effect, students
from the nearby University of Sheffield and people from the surrounding
communities, as well as school children will be visiting the Park and carry out
activities in it. That should be done by meeting some of these user groups’
needs mostly by changing the use of parts of the Park and by adding gear
that will not dramatically affect the landform.
The Park is set within a highly multi-ethnic context with extremely variable
social background (Census 2001), especially since the student community is also
taken into consideration. It is expected that initially, there is going to be minor,
if any, conflicts between the user groups since new things and new conditions
will be introduced, but they are expected to be alleviated with a clear usage
and responsibility schedule. The existence of zones that will be designed to
satisfy different needs is also expected to help to this.
Relationships with External Organisations The main body of the Park is held and run by Sheffield City Council. The
Towers as well as the space between them is held and run by Sheffield Homes.
In the surrounding area there are several public and private organisations, some
profitable and other non-profitable. In this Plan, these organisations are put in
to categories according to their specialisation. These categories are a.Communal,
b.Educational-Recreational and c.Commercial.
In the category Communal belong the “Crookes Community Centre” and the rest
of the Community Centres of the nearby neighbourhoods, as well as Religious
Centres, the Crookesmoor Parks Friends’ Group, Netherthorpe and Upperthorpe
Community Alliance and the University of Sheffield Student’s Union. They are to
play a major role in the long term decision making that is to form the usage
of the Park. Their role is to become even more determining since Communities
have been turned into the basis of every decision making procedure according
to the Localism Act passed in November 2011. They will be the pool for
volunteers. Their members are the ones to benefit mostly from the Skill
Obtaining Educational Schemes
In the category Educational-Recreational belong the educational institutions, from
Nurseries to the University of Sheffield, the Ponderosa Environmental Group, as
well as sports and leisure organisations and the hospitals close to the Park.
They are expected to use the park grounds for educational excursions,
observations, training and rehabilitation and in that way, contribute to the
awareness of the Park’s rich context. Important role to that will play the focus
on the increase of the biodiversity of the Park’s flora and fauna, water
management schemes, playgrounds and wider landscape context.
In the category Commercial belong all the retailers of the surrounding area. That
includes from the local pubs, restaurants to supermarkets, as well as media.
8 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
They are expected to be at least the immediate sponsors of events and
festivals, as well as donors and funders of materials and support that will be
needed. Their benefit from contributing to the Park’s needs will be the creation
of a Local Community friendly image of the organisation. This may apply at a
greater extend to bigger organisations, like TESCO, which are particularly
interested in creating such an image and keep part of their budget for
achieving it.
In the Management Recommendations section of this plan, these interactions will
be fit into place.
The Physical Park Resource The size and the varying topography and vegetation of the Ponderosa Valley
Park make it a great place with opportunities for a number of different and
unique activities taking place simultaneously. This plan aims to identify current
key issues, so that in the Recommendations, give quality, viable solutions with
little input.
The Open Grass areas
The open grass areas to the Northern (lower) part are great for sport activities
like ball games and festivals as well as picnics and other small group activities.
The major problem in that area is water logging after heavy rain, especially at
the centre. The rows of trees that frame the paths in that part of the Park,
host a number of birds living in artificial bird nests put there by school
children in cooperation with Art in the Park. Such initiatives are more than
welcome to be carried along the rest of the Park, too.
The Levelled area
The levelled area to the South (upper) part is the most heavily used area of the
Park since it serves rugby training grounds purposes. During the winter it is
rarely used due to water logging and to stones that appear on the surface from
the debris that was used to fill the space. It is also slightly compacted and
that should be taken into consideration for any future use. It is the area where
Skill Gaining Schemes will be taking place and where a multipurpose convertible
area space will be created to act as a space for events to take place.
The Orchard
The orchard, on the top part of the Park, at the moment is poorly maintained
and even more poorly used. Bramble has taken over and has left very little
space for people to walk around and benefit from the fruiting trees. This
edibility shall be spread throughout the Park with the introduction of fruiting
shrubs and trees. This is the area that is to be made easily accessible and
more usable by limiting the bramble and by pruning the fruiting. Their
maintenance is to be a task for the local community to carry out, with
assistance from the existing maintenance team.
The Woodland
The woodland that covers most of the slopes of the south (top) part, at the
moment is the Park’s unique feature that makes the Ponderosa worthy of a
separate management plan, since it resembles to semi-natural woodland which
is at a walking distance from the Sheffield city centre. As already mentioned in
the Labour force section, at the moment this part of the Park in maintained
9 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
only at the level that will guarantee the safe use of the space. It is because of
the density of this woodland that the users feel unease when entering the
Ponderosa from the top entrances and say that the Ponderosa feels isolated
from the other two Crookemoor parks (The Environmental Planning Team, 2010).
For that reason it is also used as a fly-tipping area especially at the south-
most slope, by Mushroom lane, where the overgrown shrubs create the perfect
conditions for that to be done.
Despite its natural richness and high seasonal interest due to ever-changing
landscape and views, it is only used by dog walkers and few joggers and one
can count very few artificial bird nests, especially compared to the rows of
trees along the paths of the Northern part. As it is the side of the Park that
gets the greatest number of people passing by, but which also has the most
dramatic landform, the changes will be made towards the direction of making it
more welcome and towards creating spaces and features for different activities.
The plant material that is cut from the whole of the Park is currently moved to
the composting areas of the Weston Park. That is to be changed and a new
composting area will be crated in the Ponderosa for composting every plant
material that is cut in it.
The Tower Blocks
The 7 Tower blocks are the dominant elements of the Ponderosa Valley Park.
Their red brick bases, now partially covered by climbers could provide ground
for more artistic expression in the Park. The water draining out down from their
surfaces could be used in sustainable water management schemes and the
surfaces for solar energy production.
The people that live in these towers can be the most valuable group of users,
since they literally live inside the Park. Their connection with it currently is not
though that strong, as it has been theorised, the people that live on the second
and sometimes the first floor do not feel connected to the context of the
context of the ground due to the fact that their horizon rises above the level of
the tree canopy. It is though expected that, due to the fact that the
professional skill level in the area is relatively low, the residents of the Towers
will respond to the professional training schemes that are planned to take place
in the Park. That is to enhance the connection between this users group and
the Park and consequently the passive surveillance upon it.
The Built Fabric and Other Components
The path net of the Ponderosa is partially poorly maintained and inadequate.
New path should be designed especially in the woodland by Mushroom lane,
including some for bicycle friendly use. The tarmac on the paths by Crookes
Valley rd. and Oxford str. needs to be filled, the old roads of Port Mahon need
to be redesigned to a more non-just-walk-through layout and measures to
prevent water logging where that is an issue have to be taken. The entrances
around the whole of the Park have to become more welcome and clearly
indicating what the Park is about. That involves formalising some entrances of
the not previously included to the official design of the Park.
10 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
The green railings at the top part as well as the low railings along Albion and
Martin str. should be replaced with more contemporary, practical railings that
will add to the new character of the Park.
It is one of the most essential needs at the moment, that the existing lighting
has to be widely enhanced by adding lights along the paths of the top part at
first stage and when that is feasible, have a more sophisticated desing.
The existing playgrounds are the most frequently used spaces of the Park. That
is where one can see families with small children being, especially during
weekends. The equipment is in a good condition. More, mainly rope based
playground schemes are to be placed in the top part of the Park, merging with
the existing woodland. An outdoors, public gum equipment is also planned to be
added to the bottom part.
The Stone Staircase that leads from the Crookes Valley rd. to the levelled area
has started falling apart. The detached rocks that form the sides will have to
be temporarily removed. Since that feature is not very safe to use, a
replacement should be taken into consideration before the staircase is completely
unusable.
There is a complete lack of toilets and other facilities in general in the Park.
The existing sitting benches, apart from the ones that are inside the play areas,
are wooden and have rotten due to the high humidity. Finally, although there is
no provision for plastic bags and gloves to be used by the dog walkers and
there are relatively few bins, there seems to be relatively low amount of fouling.
Most of it is found in the Northern part.
In the Management Recommendations section of this plan, the way and the time
that each transformation is to be made will be further explained.
3. Vision and Aims
Vision The Ponderosa Valley Park is to be made a financially sustainable place with
strong communal character, where the users will be finding something interesting
and useful and recreating to do, in a rich for the senses environment. Main
theme of the Park is to be an expanded network of plants producing edible
fruits for the users to use, a centre where skills and knowledge can be
obtained and which will be the platform for harmonious interaction between
individuals from various ethnic backgrounds through events, festivals, teaching
as well as every-day socialising.
Aims The following aims try to show the direction towards this management plan is
trying to guide the future of the Ponderosa Valley Park:
Give a distinctive character while comparing to the other two Crookesmoor
Parks.
Improve the condition of the existing built fabric and vegetation to make
it a welcoming and attractive place.
11 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
Introduce features of sustainable management.
Attract funding partners to the various activities, events and standard
needs of the Park.
Increase and facilitate the carrying out of various activities.
Engage volunteers from the local communities.
Improve local skill pool.
Raise the awareness of the surrounding area’s multi-ethnic character’s
richness.
4. Management Recommendations In a rough chronological row the recommendations are:
1. The creation of the Ponderosa Valley Park Friends’ Group (PVPFG) is to
be created as part of the Crookesmoor Parks Friends’ Group, with the
ability to keep a treasury. It is to decide on the use of the Park’s
resources, set up educational programs related to the history, the nature
and the communities around the Ponderosa. PVPFGS, together with the
Ponderosa Environmental Group (PEG), is also to reach out to the local
communities for volunteers that would be interested taking over these
programs.
2. The Ponderosa Training Scheme (PTS) is to be created, for unemployed
people from the local Communities involving training on growing
vegetables, pruning, coppicing as well as cooking and other food
processing activities. It is to be held during working hours, by the
Crookesmoor Parks maintenance team, in collaboration with the Green
Estates and volunteers with relevant knowledge from the local community
skill pool.
3. The existing labour force is to be redelivered amongst the 3 Crookesmoor
parks. Out of the 6 members, one will be permanently assigned to the
Ponderosa in order to simultaneously act as a ranger and one more will
be of assistance when needed.
4. Training schemes for staff through exchange and seminars are to be
arranged with organisations and municipalities, like the National Trust and
the Birmingham City Council, that manage similar grounds and have
hands-on experience on nature and gardening educational programs.
5. The local retailers are to be contacted and informed on the management
plan of the Ponderosa so that they have the opportunity to express their
interest in contributing to that. For example, “Beanies” might be interested
in sponsoring organic production of vegetables by providing the plants or
by offering discounts on its products to the members of the PVPFG.
6. A composting area is to be created by the old gateposts to receive all
the plant material produced in the Ponderosa. That is to be made by the
maintenance staff.
7. The woodland to the South of the Park is to be thinned for people to be
able to feel safe and confident when entering the Park from the
entrances of the top part. That is a task to be carried out by the
maintenance staff, if possible with the simultaneous attendance of the
people participating in the PTS.
8. The trunks and logs that have been brought down during the thinning
are to be piled along the contours to both reduce erosion, but mostly to
12 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
create new habitat for invertebrates and other organisms. That is to be
carried out by the PEG with the help of volunteers. The rest of the twigs
are to be composted.
9. Lighting poles are to be added along the path on the south part of the
Park. At first place it is recommended that the existing ones are checked
and repaired if needed. That is to be done by the maintenance staff. At
a later stage, more ambient lighting is to be placed once the path
network is redesigned.
10. The fruiting trees in the orchard are to be prune and the paths going
through them to be cleared. The cut plant material is to be composted.
That is a task to be carried out by the PTS participants under the
guidance of the maintenance staff.
11. The entrances are to be made clear and welcome by repairing and
repainting the existing labels, adding information panels where they do
not exist, with maps including information about the Ponderosa, the
PVPFG and the tasks that are scheduled to be done. That is to be done
by volunteers under the guidance of the maintenance staff.
12. The training grounds are to start to be roughly shaped at the north end
of the levelled area. It is to take its final form gradually, since it is the
project that can be delayed. That is to be done by the PTS participants
with assistance from the Green Estates and local, skilled individuals.
13. Chemical toilets are to be placed opposite the lower playground and next
to the composting area.
14. Fruiting plants like all sorts of berries, as well as plants of the
Lamiaceae family for example are to be introduced around the trees at
the whole of the Park’s area, especially where the woodland is, and
flowering bulbs like daffodils, bluebells, cyclamens and snowdrops
alongside the paths mostly. That is to be done by the PEG, volunteers
and schoolchildren. The plant material will be donated by nurseries from
around the city. The bulb planting should be several events, also
advertised by the local media.
15. Bring in a shed, a container or a caravan for communal use, as a
gathering space and information centre. To be placed on the levelled
area, close to the south-most corner. To be run by the PVPFG and be
welcoming to anyone interested in the Park’s events.
16. Rain gardens are to be created at the lower parts of the open areas to
the North. That is to be done by the PTS participants and students from
the department of Landscape Architecture under the guidance of the
Green Estates.
17. An ethnic cuisine orientated food even is to be organised when the first
produce from the fruiting plants and orchard is harvested. It is to be
organised by the PVPFG in cooperation with the local Community Centres
and is mostly to serve the purpose of raising the awareness between the
community members for the community itself (Black Environment Network,
2005). That event could take place either in the Park or the food could
be prepared and served at the nearby pubs, like “The White Railing” and
“The Boomerang”. The food is to be sold and the revenue is to support
the activities of the PVPFG.
18. Either simultaneously or at a different time, a series of artistic events is
to take place in cooperation with “Art in the Park” and the involvement
of local artists and schools.
13 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
19. Add outdoors training equipment is to be placed at the levelled area at
the base of the second Tower starting counting from the one to the
West. Since the total cost is estimated to reach the £15,000 and one can
easily advertise one’s organisation on it, it is expected that TESCO will be
interested in funding it.
20. The area that hosts the shed or caravan is to be paved and a
convertible events area is to be created, able to host approximately 200
people.
21. 3 robust, built barbeque facilities are to be introduced to the edges of
the open grass areas.
22. Children orientated sculptured furniture is to be placed randomly in
groups around the woodland following the example of the Communal
Garden in the Broomhall Conservation Area.
23. A wooden staircase is to be placed at the south-west corner of the Park
to be used while the stone staircase that exists now is made safe for
use. The last is to be carried out by the PTS participants under the
surveillance of Green Estates. The funding is expected to come from the
Heritage Lottery Fund.
24. A new layout to the Park’s path network is to be implemented with the
creation of the Circular Paths that will be wheel-chair friendly (The
Environmental Planning Team, 2010). The new layout will be not
cancelling any of the existing paths, so, they are to be repaired during
the same period. What previously was Bromley str. is to be geo-celled to
prevent water logging and facilitate car access Also benches and more
Figure 4.1 Plan of the major Areas of the Ponderosa according to their use.
14 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
bins are to be placed. Their collection is going to be a responsibility of
the maintenance staff.
25. The railings around the Park are to be removed and replaced by new
ones that will facilitate pedestrian and bicycle entrance.
26. Paper thin solar panels, developed in the University of Sheffield are to be
placed on the south-facing surfaces of the Towers that will cover the
needs in energy of the Park as well as the Towers’. Since the production
is expected to even exceed this demand, the surplus will be covering any
needs in electricity the Sheffield City Council is having around the Park.
5. Management Plan Implementation
The original funding is expected to come from the National Lottery Fund. In
specific it would be the prog
rams: Grants for the arts (Arts Council England), Young Roots and Your Heritage
(Heritage Lottery Fund), Community Investment Fund (Sport England) and
Reaching Communities England (Big Lottery Fund). They match the context of the
Park.
The minimum funding is estimated to be about £29,000.
Recommendations 1 to 5 are to be done preferably before any change is made
on the site and that should take roughly 15 days.
Recommendations 6 to 15 should be completed within 2 to 12 months from the
beginning of the implementation of this plan depending on the available
funding.
Recommendations 16 to 21 should be completed within 9 to 18 months from
the beginning of the implementation of this plan depending on the available
funding.
Recommendations 22 to 26 are to be implemented within 1 to 3 years from the
beginning of the implementation of this plan depending on the available
funding.
Fig. 4.2 A visualisation of the Top Part of the Park on the 3rd year after the implementation of the Plan.
15 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
6. Appendix
Sheffield Standard evaluation sheet as that was filled by the by Carter C. and
Papachristou C. on the 22nd of November 2011.
16 | P a g e T h e P o n d e r o s a V a l l e y P a r k
Management plan for the Ponderosa Valley Park.
7. References
1. Taylor, Ian R.; Evans, Karen and Fraser, Penny (1996). A tale of two cities:
global change, local feeling and everyday life in the North of England : a
study in Manchester and Sheffield. International library of sociology. Routledge.
pp. 28, 87–88. ISBN 0415138280
2. Tim Lambert. (18 November 2011). A BRIEF HISTORY OF SHEFFIELD, YORKSHIRE,
ENGLAND. Available: http://www.localhistories.org/sheffield.html. Last accessed
30 November 2011 22:50:35.
3. (2010). Statistics about the ethnic groups. Available: http://www.lasos.org.uk/
Last accessed 16 December 2012 10:13:50.
4. (2001). Statistics about the ethnic groups. Available:
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/index.html. Last accessed 16 December 2012
10:17:34
5. Woolley H. et al (2004). The Value of Public Space. CABE Space
6. Peace in the Park/Home[ONLINE],available at http://web.peaceinthepark.org.uk/
Last visited: 16 January 201212, 11:34:40
7. The Environmental Planning Team, 2010. Ponderosa, Crookes Valley Park and
Philadelphia Gardens Masterplan. SCC.
8. Sheffield City Council - Home. 2011. Sheffield City Council - Home. Available
at: http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/index.asp?pgid=1912. Last visited 16 January
2012 11:40:33.
9. Woodstra J. and Fieldhouse K. (2000). The regeneration of Public Parks. E&FN
Spon, London.
10. Black Environment Network (2005). Ethnic Communities and Greenspaces; A
guide for Greenspace managers. Llanberts, Wales: Black Environment Network.
Publications in specific:
I. “Nature, Culture and Celebration; Engaging ethnic communities with
greesspaces through cultural events” and
II. “Exploring cultural influences on world cuisine.