The Plan…

• New Today – and the final part of this chapter!• The British, Dutch, and French

The British, Dutch, and French• The Northern European countries of Britain, France and Holland were

quick to follow the lead of Portugal and Spain in overseas exploration and trade.

• Under the encouragement and support of the King of England (King Henry VII), explorers like John Cabot, William Baffin, Martin Frobisher and Francis Drake sought out new lands and even acted as pirates raiding Spanish and Portuguese ships and colonies.

The British…• The first four sailors that Henry the VII gave letters of patent to in

order for them to be able to sail to the west and the north in search of new territories were John Cabot and his three sons• Sailed to what is now known as Eastern Canada, near either Cape Breton or

Labradour (1497)

The British II• Later England sent Baffin, Davis & Frobisher to the northern waters of

Canada in search of the Northwestern Passage to Asia• IN 1583, Humphrey Gilbert tried, and failed to set up an English

Colony in Newfoundland.

The most notorious of the British• Francis Drake was one of the most notorious of

the English privateers. • Privateers were pirates that were given permission by

their King or Queen to war on enemy ships and colonies.

• Due to the fact that the Spanish were able to conquer lands to the west (Aztecs and Incas), there was great wealth gained by the Spanish Empire• Queen Elizabeth I was not thrilled with this; Privateers – like Drake – were

given the ability to capture the Spanish treasure ships that were bringing home the bounty (this was a secret and illegal deal)

How Drake did it…• The English had developed a new kind of a ship• This ship could travel long distances quickly and outfight opponents

• Fast, low in the water, relatively small, and highly manoeuvrable, these ships were more than just a floating gun platforms that could turn on a dime• Made them ideal for attacks on lumbering Spanish treasure ships

Drake, more than just a pirate• Drake, along with the likes of John Hawkins and Martin Frobisher

were referred to as Sea Dogs (aka pirate); these men were more than “just a pirate”…• Drake was also the first British explorer to circumnavigate the globe.

Along the way he raided many Spanish and Portuguese ships and colonies, taking his “booty” back with him to England.• Drake took part in a raid in the harbour of Cadiz, Spain; burned numerous

ships in the harbour• Then he sailed his ship (The Golden Hind) through the Straits of Magellan,

into the Pacific Ocean, he made his way up the coast of South America, through to California, and then to modern day British Columbia

The French…• French explorers like Jacques Cartier helped explore the

St. Lawrence River and helped found French colonies in Canada• Starting 1534, Cartier made his way across the Atlantic three times, staking a

claim in the New World for France

The Dutch…• The Dutch not only set out explorers but also set up trading posts and

the Dutch East Indian Company, founded in 1602 took over the rich spice trade and established colonies in Eastern Asian countries like Indonesia• The first Dutch ships to complete a circumnavigation of the globe was led by

Oliver van Noort

• The Dutch East Indian Company had holdings in the Southeast Asian region – specifically in Indonesia – that lasted until after the Second World War (1946)