The Philippines Under Spanish Colonial Rule- Part 1

8/11/2019 The Philippines Under Spanish Colonial Rule- Part 1

1/70


2/70

Technical term used in Spanish laws referringto the collecting of native inhabitants inpueblos

Pueblo is an offshoot/branch of thereduccion system

It has a plaza that served as the center ofreligion, politics, and commerce area in aspecific place


3/70

A territory under the immediate politicalcontrol of a state

A colony is divided into province, pueblo,barangay

A province is composed of a number ofpueblos

A pueblo is composed of a number of

barangays


4/70

System of Government

Central Government

Local Government


5/70

The power comes from the King of the Spain

The representative of the King of Spain in thePhilippines is the Spanish Governor-General


6/70

Two branches:

There was no legislative branch ofgovernment under the Spanish occupationbecause all laws came fro Spanish throughroyal decrees

ExecutiveControlled by the Spanish

Governor General

JudiciaryControlled by the Royal

Audience, lower court, and

the Spanish GovernorGeneral


7/70

Implement all the directives and orders of theKing of the Spain

Serve as the chief of the Spanish army to thePhilippines

Manage and command the Spanish army toprotect the colony

Appoint and remove government officials

Manage and control any government office Implement and execute justice; had a

pardoning power


8/70

The most powerful political official in thePhilippines during the Spanish occupation

Representative of the King of Spain as thehead of the colonial government

His tenure of power depends on theconfidence of the Spanish Crown

His executive power is absolute; on the other

hand, his judicial and legislative powers arelimited


9/70

First Spanish

Governor-General in thePhilippines


10/70

This refers to the highest court of justice inthe Philippines during the Spanish occupation

This is equivalent to the Supreme Court of thePhilippines

It was established in 1584 ( Manila) Santiago De Vera first president It was mandated to interpret all laws It had the authority to solve cases pertaining

to human rights violation It was tasked to audit all the expenses of the

colonial government


11/70

This involved the land, the crops that can befound in it, and the people living in it

The encomienda system was an old practicein Spain wherein the King, in an effort torecognize the good deeds, services, andloyalty of his officers and men awarded opiece of land

Those who received the encomiendas werecalled encomienderos


12/70

Protect the people from any kind of attacksorganized by armed groups

Take care of the general welfare of the people

Maintain peace and order within hisencomienda

Help the Spanish missionaries spread theteachings of Christianity to the indigenous

people Collect taxes from the people living within

hos encomienda


13/70

Provincial Government

Municipal Government

City Government

Barangay/ Barrio


14/70

These were provinces whose inhabitants hadaccepted the Spanish rule; peaceful

Ruled and governed by alcade mayor


15/70

Performed executive and judicial functionsHe was appointed by the Spanish Governor

GeneralHe was given the privileged engage in trade In 1886, the executive function was also

striped from the alcalde mayor because ofreported abuses of power

With this, the executive function wastransferred to civil governor


16/70

These were provinces whose inhabitants hadresistance/ conflict to Spanish rule

Also known as political-military districts Ruled and governed by Corregidor


17/70

It was a process to check if there were abusesof powers committed by the Spanish

government officials. It also deterredgovernment officials from committing abusesand injuring the rights of others


18/70

It was the public investigation and trial ofoutgoing colonial officials in order toascertain whether they had committed abusesin the performance of their duties ( Agoncillo

and Mangahas) This was usually conducted by the incoming

Spanish Governor-General

It was also mandated that the result of suchpublic investigation be sent to Spain forfurther evaluation and report


19/70

The investigation was conductedclandestinely/secretly by a visitor-generalsent from Spain and might occur anytimewithin the officials term, without any

previous notice

The main purpose of this was the colonial

officials will work efficiently and honestly


20/70

It was introduced officially in 1570. In 1589 the value of the tribute was raised to

accommodate the needs of the church.

This was called the sanctorum

Filipinos between 16 to 60 years of age wereentitled to be taxed in cash or in kind and in fullor in installment basis.

The tribute was payable to the Spanish colonialgovernment

Payment of taxes was tantamount/equal to theimpression that an individual recognized thepower of the King of Spain


21/70

It was abolished by the King of the Spain in1884, it was being replaced by cedula

personal which is equivalent to the presentresidence certificate


22/70

Diezmos prediales- a kind of tax that wascomprised of one-tenth of the produce of theland

For example, if the farmer harvests 30 piecesof squash, the Spanish government has theright to take three pieces of it as dienzmosprediales


23/70

Donativo de Zamboanga- a kind of tax thatwas introduced in 1635 in order to invade

Jolo, Sulu

Vinta- a kind of tax that was paid by thepeople of Luzon; the aimed to finance thedefense efforts of Spanish government

against Muslim pirates, who raided theVisayas and Luzon for slaves that theyneeded in their overseas trading


24/70

One of the most abusive economic policiesthat the Spanish government in thePhilippines had implemented

Due the Spains colonial power over the

Philippines, the Filipinos ( especially thefarmers) became the vassals of the Spain

A vassal refers to a person who has enteredinto a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch

The obligation includes military support andmutual protection, in exchange for certainprivileges, usually including the grant of land


25/70

The bandala system refers to the obligation ofFilipino farmers to sell their products to thegovernment at a minimum price.

However this economic policy was abused by theSpanish authorities because they collected theirproducts even w/o paying the farmers


26/70

The abuses were reported to the King ofSpain and it was abolished in 1782 in order toavoid revolution from the Filipino farmers


27/70

It is a form of forced labor Filipino men who were 16 to 40 years of age

had the obligation to render communityservice in the span of 40 days

The title of Filipino men who underwent polois polistas

One could be exempted from polo by paying

the falla


28/70

HaciendaHaciendaLarge land estates that

were owned by the Spanishfriars

InquilinosGroup of people who took care the

friars haciendas

Inquilinos also hired people whowould do manual job. These

people were calledsharecroppers/kasama


29/70

Generallyspeaking, theSpanish

governmentauthoritiessupervised andmanaged all its

trade operations


30/70

With this, those individuals who occupied keypositions in the Spanish government and thechurch were only allowed to engaged in thistrade

High- ranking officials of the State

Spanish friars

Crew of the galleons

This was an annual trade between Manila andAcapulco Mexico


31/70

The Spanish officials encouraged shipmentsof products from Japan, China, Thailand,India, Cambodia, Mallaca, and Indonesia

Examples of products shipped from thePhilippines to Mexico: silk, precious stones,perfume, cotton-made fabric, ceramics,

coconut, carved woods, abaca, tobacco


32/70

On the return trip the galleon ships would becarrying European products

Examples of products shipped from Mexico tothe Philippines: chocolates, musical instrumentsfrom France, wine, etc

Galleon ships did not only ship products from thePhilippines to Mexico, and vice versa

It also served as a means of transportation forthe following:

Funds from the king of Spain ( to be used asoperation funds of Spanish government in thePhilippines)


33/70

Directives/ orders of the King of the Spain

Spanish passengers such as friars,government officials, and travel/ tourist from

Mexico and Spain


34/70

A ticket entitling an ordinary trader to engagein the galleon trade. This would give a personan access to ship goods to Mexico

A boleta was normally issued to the

Governor-Genera, clergy, members of Real/royal Audiencia and their friends

It can be sold to anyone at a higher price

The money that friars loaned to traders onthe other hand, came from donations to thechurch known as obras pias


35/70

It was established by Governor General Bascoon March 1, 1782.

Under this monopoly, the provinces likeCagayan Valley, Ilocos, Nueva Ecija, and

Marinduque were mandated by thegovernment to plant tobacco in theiragricultural lands

The produced would exclusively sold to thegovernment a lower price


36/70

This was successful in increasing governmentrevenues

Under Governor- General Bascosgovernment,the Philippines became the largest tobacco-

producing country in Asia Many Filipinos benefit from this industry because

it generated jobs in cigarette factories

The reported abuses committed by Spanish

government officials in tobacco monopoly led toits abolition in 1882 by Governor General Primode Rivera


37/70

It was also known as the Sociedad Economicde Amigo del Pais

It was also established by Governor-GeneralBasco on May 6, 1781. This was aimed to

help him find feasible solutions towardseconomic growth and progress

It was composed of experts from differentimportant fields such as in the economy andagriculture


38/70

Factories and manufactures

Education

Natural history Domestic and foreign commerce

Agriculture


39/70

Also known as the Real Compana de Filipinas It was established by Governor- General Basco in

1785 with a total capital amounting to P8,000,000.

The main purpose of the company was toestablish direct trade relations with thePhilippines to Spain and to develop the formersnatural resources

In accordance with the companys charter, the

Philippines was mandated to set aside fourpercent of its profits for agriculturaldevelopment


40/70

Discuss briefly the following

Advantages of Spains economic policies tothe Philippines

Disadvantages of Spains economic policies tothe Philippines


41/70

Revolution

It is a fundamental change in power or

organizational structures that takes place in arelatively short period of time


42/70

Sulayman Revolt was the first recordeduprising of the Filipinos against Spain

During Tondo Revolt Filipinos were suppliedby Dionisio Fernandez and Juan Gayo

Tamblot Revoltoccurred in Bohol City

Bancao Revolthappened in Leyte during1622, aim is to reject Christianity and returnto the old religious faith.

Roberto Sumuroy Revolt is to show theirresentment for the Spains law on laborforced labor in the Philippines


43/70

Dagohoy Revolt was the longest revolt in thePhilippines


44/70

Despite the freedom

Despite the 333 years of Spanish colonizationand political rule, the Spaniards had not reallyconquered the Filipinos

Objection to unfair economic policies

Aside from the political abuses committed bySpanish authorities , Filipinos were

discontented on how the Spaniards managethe economy


45/70

Resistance and Religion

The Spanish friars, just like their counterpartin the government, violated the rights of theFilipinos

Desired to be heard

Some Filipinos could no longer bear the illtreatment they received from their

conquerors


46/70

Nationalism

It refers to a political ideology that involveslove for ones country and people


47/70

The Opening of the Philippines to the WorldTrade

The monopoly trade of Spain ended in 1834,which led to the opening of Manila to world

trade The Philippines was exposed to different

trading ideas such as the need to expand theagricultural and industrial business


48/70

November 17, 1869


49/70

It was opened on November 17, 1869 andwas constructed by Ferdinand de Lesseps

Paul Landowski constructed the canal

The Suez Canal opened the gateway betweenEurope and Asia

Because of this Filipinos were encouraged to

travel from Philippines and Europe


50/70

The Filipino middle class was composed ofthe following: farmers, businessmen, andteachers, among others

These influential individuals usually sent theirchildren to exclusive schools in Manila andEurope


51/70

Jose Rizal doctor, novelist, artist, engineer,and scientist, among others

Marcelo del Pilar- writer, propagandist,

debater Graciano Lopez Jaena- journalist and orator

Pedro Paterno- lawyer


52/70

Introduced many reforms in the Philippineswhich were welcomed by Filipinos and native

clergies


53/70

Filipino priests pertains tothe surnames of the threeFilipino priest namedMariano Gomez, JoseBurgos, and Jacinto Zamora

They were accused ofplanning and organizingCavite Mutiny on January20, 1872 and lead in their

execution in the same year The execution of this three

priest awakened Filipinonationalism


54/70

Propaganda Movement


55/70

Jose Rizal a Filipino patriot who wasforefront of reform efforts in the Philippinesduring Spanish colonial era

Marcelo del Pilar- a leading Filipinopropagandist for reforms in the Philippines

Mariano Ponce- a Filipino physician, writer,

and member of propaganda movement


56/70

Assimilation of the Philippines as a regularprovince of the Spain

Development of the Philippine economy

Promotion of human rights especially thefreedoms of speech and of the press

Secularization of parishes

Reform of the government and education

system


57/70

It was established by reformist/propagandist

in Barcelona, Spain in 1889 The first editor was Graciano Lopez-Jaena

and its released was on February 15, 1889

Jaena was replaced by Marcelo del Pilar until

the papers last issue on November 15, 1895


58/70


59/70

BeginningsAccording to Rizal, the fight for freedom

should not be done in a foreign land. Becauseof this, he returned to the Philippines from

Hong Kong in June 1892Jose Rizal launched another reform

movement after his return on July 3, 1892

It was founded in Doreteo Ongjuancoshouseat No. 176 St. Tondo, Manila

Doroteo Ongjunco Chinise Filipino reformist


60/70

Unus Instar Omnium ( One Like All) motto ofthe La Liga Filipina


61/70

To unite the whole archipelago into onecompact, strong, and homogenous/samebody

To have a mutual protection for all in every

want and necessity To establish defense against violence and

injustice

To study and apply the needed reforms inthe Philippines


62/70

To obey the orders of the Supreme Council To help in recruiting new members

To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions ofthe movements authorities

To report to the fiscals anything that hearwhich affects the movements

To behave well as befits a good Filipino

To help fellow members in all ways


63/70

Ladislao Diwa: He was a law student at USTand joined La Liga Filipina and became asecretary of La Liga

Valentin Diaz: former gobernadorcillio ofTayug Pangasinan and also member of LaLiga

Ambrosio Salvador: president of Supreme

Council


64/70

The Establishment of the Katipunan KKK was secret society founded on July 7,

1892 Founders: Andres Bonifacio ( President and

Supremo) Emilio Jacinto ( Secretary of the State) Teodoro Plata ( Secretary of War) Briccio Pantas ( Secretary of Justice)

Enrique Pachero ( Secretary of Finance) Aguedo del Rosario ( Secretary of Interior)


65/70

The Establishment of the Katipunan

KKK was secret society founded on July 7, 1892

Founders: Andres Bonifacio

Ladislao Diwa: He was a law student at UST andjoined La Liga Filipina and became a secretary ofLa Liga

Valentin Diaz: former gobernadorcillio of Tayug

Pangasinan and also member of La Liga Ambrosio Salvador: president of Supreme Council


66/70

Katipon Associate)

First degree members

Members who wore black hood with whitetriangle in the middle

Password: Anak Bayan Kawal Soldier)

Second degree members

Password: GOMBURZA

Bayani ( Hero)

Third degree

Password: Rizal


67/70

Andres Bonifacio

He was born on November 30, 1863 in ArcarragaStreet near the present Manila Railroad Station

He was executed in Cavite

Agapito Bonzon: he capture Aguinaldo Siblings: Ciriano, Procopio, Troadio, Esperidiano,and Maximo He was oldest of six siblings Orphaned at an early age, he took odd jobs to

provide for his siblings. He sold canes and paper fansfor commercial firm He work as a messenger in Flemming and Company

and he learned English


68/70

Love God with all your heart Always bear in mind that the love of God is

also the love of country

Engrave in you heart that the true measure of

honor and happiness is to die for the freedomof your country

Guard the mandates and aims of the KKK asyour guard and honor

Out of responsibility to ourselves, theperformance of our duty


69/70


70/70

Documents

The Philippines Under Spanish Colonial Rule- Part 1