The Personality Psychopathology Five

7/23/2019 The Personality Psychopathology Five

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The Personality

Psychopathology Five

(PSY-5)William P. Wattles, Ph.D.

Francis Marion University



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Five-factor model (FFM)

• ne of the more !rominent models in

contem!orary !sycholo"y is #hat is $no#n

as the five-factor model of !ersonality.

• % dimensional rather than cate"orical

a!!roach from 1&''



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• f this hy!othesis is correct*if #e have

tr+ly discovered the asic dimensions of

!ersonality*it mar$s a t+rnin" !oint for !ersonality !sycholo"y.

• Mcrae //, 0ohn P. 1&&2. %n

introd+ction to the Five Factor Model andits a!!lications. J. Pers. 3145 215



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7he five-factor model of !ersonality

• 7he five-factor model of !ersonality is a

hierarchical or"ani8ation of !ersonality

traits in terms of five asic dimensions39:traversion, %"reealeness,

onscientio+sness, ;e+roticism, and

!enness to 9:!erience.



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7he common variance amon"

!ersonality traits• can e +nderstood in terms of the five

factors of.

< conscientio+sness < a"reealeness

< ne+roticism

< o!enness < e:troversion-introversion

• Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1995). PsychologicalBulletin , Vol 117(2), Mar 1995. pp. 216-220.



+rrent consens+s

7he five factors are

• conscientio+sness

• a"reealeness

• ne+roticism

• o!enness• e:troversion-introversion

%;9



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+rrent consens+s

7he five factors are

• o!enness

• conscientio+sness

• e:troversion-introversion

• a"reealeness• ne+roticism OCE!



=

!enness

• !enness refers to ho# #illin" !eo!le are

to ma$e ad>+stments in notions and

activities in accordance #ith ne# ideas orsit+ations

• a!!reciation for art, emotion, advent+re,

+n+s+al ideas, ima"ination, c+riosity, andvariety of e:!erience



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onscientio+sness

• onscientio+sness refers to ho# m+ch a

!erson considers others #hen ma$in"

decisions.

• tendency to sho# self-disci!line, act

d+tif+lly, and aim for achievement? !lanned

rather than s!ontaneo+s ehavio+r.



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9:troversion

• 9:troversion is defined as a trait

characteri8ed y a $een interest in other

!eo!le and e:ternal events, and vent+rin"forth #ith confidence into the +n$no#n.

• ener"y, !ositive emotions, s+r"ency, and the

tendency to see$ stim+lation and thecom!any of others



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%"reealeness

• %"reealeness meas+res ho# com!atile

!eo!le are #ith other !eo!le, or asically

ho# ale they are to "et alon" #ith others

• a tendency to e com!assionate and

coo!erative rather than s+s!icio+s and

anta"onistic to#ards others.



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;e+roticism

• ;e+roticism is a dimension of !ersonality

defined y staility and lo# an:iety at one

end as o!!osed to instaility and hi"han:iety at the other end.

• a tendency to e:!erience +n!leasant

emotions easily, s+ch as an"er, an:iety,de!ression, or v+lneraility



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• Peo!le at the e:tremes one or more of the five

variales are li$ely to have some sort of

!sycholo"ical anormality associated #ith thattrait.

• Peo!le are li$ely to select their environment in

s+ch a #ay that this trait is !er!et+ated.

• 7o $ee! this cycle from iteratin", !sycholo"ists

ma$e their !atients come to terms #ith the fla#ed

trait, allo#in" the !atient to rea$ the cycle



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• ndivid+al differences

• @it+ational constraints

• 7he Ai" Five !ersonality traits are em!irical

oservations, not a theory



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Five-dimension model

• . %""ressiveness,

• . Psychoticism,

• . onstraint,

• B. ;e"ative 9motionalityC;e+roticism

• B. Positive 9motionalityC9:traversion



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. %""ressiveness

• %""ressiveness entails dis!ositional

differences in a"onal ehavior, !artic+larly

offensive a""ression



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. %""ressiveness

• "randiosity vers+s e"alitarianism

• f yo+ see yo+rself on a!!ro:imately the

same level as most others, this tends to

inhiit a""ressiveness, #hereas "enocide

and less mali"nant forms of a""ression

co+nt heavily on !erce!tions of differential#orth.



1=

. %""ressiveness

• 7he desire for !o#er and infl+ence are also

feat+res of P@-5 %""ressiveness

• 9n>oyment of intimidatin" others to achieve

oneEs "oals.



1&

. Psychoticism

• Psychoticism assesses the "ross

verisimilit+de of o+r inner models of the

o+ter social and o>ect #orld.



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. Psychoticism

• %ltho+"h all of +s have ill+sions,mis!erce!tions, and mista$en eliefs, only a

fe# have del+sions and hall+cinations.• Disconnection from reality, +nshared

eliefs, +n+s+al sensory and !erce!t+ale:!eriences

• Feel alienated #ith +nrealistic e:!ectationof harm



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. onstraint

• onstraint comines feat+res of

< ontrol vers+s m!+lsiveness

< arm-avoidance (!hysical ris$ aversion)

< 7raditionalism (a dimension ran"in" from

moral conservatism to the orientation of the

liertine).



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. onstraint

• 7his onstraint dimension is relevant to

!ersonality !sycho!atholo"y in that it has

osessive<com!+lsive !ersonality disorderat one end and antisocial !ersonality

disorder at the other end



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. onstraint

• @omeone lo# in P@-5 onstraint #o+ld e

im!+lsive, a ris$ ta$er and e:citement

see$er.



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B. ;e"ative

9motionalityC;e+roticism• % road affective dis!osition to e:!erience

ne"ative emotions, es!ecially an:iety and

nervo+sness.



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B. Positive

9motionalityC9:traversion• % road dis!osition to e:!erience !ositive

affects to see$ o+t and en>oy social

e:!eriences, and to have the ener"y to !+rs+e "oals and e en"a"ed in lifeGs tas$s.



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• 7he P@-5 constr+cts are models of traits

desi"ned to aid in !ersonality descri!tion

and to com!lement !ersonality disorderdia"nosis #ith H+antitative dimensions.



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P@-5 nter!retation

• 7he Personality Psycho!atholo"y Five

re!resent five im!ortant differences

et#een ada!tive and nonada!tive !ersonality style.

• nter!ret lo# scores only for ;7/ and

D@ scales• Pa"e 14'



2=

%""ressiveness (%II/)

i"h scores

• Irandiose

• /esentf+l• old

• at times cr+el.

• 7his scale assesses asort of hostilenarcissist.

• 1. %""ressiveness (i.e.,

is the !erson

a""ressive, assa+ltive,r+de and +ncarin"J).



2&

Psychoticism P@)

i"h scores

• have-!oor reality

testin"• @+s!icio+s

• hostile.

• 2. Psychoticism (i.e.,

does the !erson have a

healthy contact #ithreality, or is the !erson

li$ely to have

+nrealistic eliefs,

mis!erce!tions, and !sychotic

e:!eriencesJ).



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Discontraint (D@)

i"h scores

• ins+fficient delay of

"ratification• Unreliale

• /eellio+s

• edonistic• actin" o+t.

• '. onstraint (i.e., is

the !erson res!onsile

and emotionallycontrolled or a

disor"ani8ed ris$-ta$er

#ith little re"ard for

le"alityJ).



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Discontraint (D@)

• Ko# scores (L 6)

• @elf-controlled and not im!+lsive

• Do not ta$e may !hysical ris$s

• i"h tolerance for oredom

•7end to follo# r+les and la#s

• May !refer str+ct+re in thera!y



'2

;e"ative emotionalityC

;e+roticism (;9I9)i"h scores3

• Worry

• @tress• y!ersensitivity

• emotional +nder

control.

• 6. ;e"ative

9motionalityC;e+rotic

ism (;9M? i.e., is the !erson tense, an:io+s,

and li$ely to

e:!erience ne"ative

affectJ).



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ntroversionCKo# Positive

9motionality (;7/)• i"h scores have lo#

ener"y, #ithdra#n,

anhedonia, and lo#self-esteem?

• @chi8oid or

im!overished

emotional life.• Ko# Positive

9motionality

• 5. Positive

9motionalityC9:traver

sion (P9M? i.e., is the !erson ener"etic and

interested in social

contacts or anhedonic

and #ithdra#nJ)



'6

ntroversionCKo# Positive

9motionality (;7/)• Ko# scores (L 6)

• %le to e:!erience >oy

• @ociale

• Kots of ener"y



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@cale Develo!ment

• /e!licated rational selection #as develo!ed

to identify !otential items.

• ne effect of +sin" re!licated rationalselection is to +ild hi"hly ovio+s rather

than s+tle scales.

• 116 +nder"rad+ates



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• ;o item is +sed in more than one P@-5

scale.



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tem e:am!le

• For e:am!le, &5 of the item selectors

trained in the nervo+s vers+s calm as!ect of

;e"ative 9motionalityC;e+roticism !ic$edMMP<2 tem 65, I am usually calm and

no eas!ly upse .



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/eliaility and Balidity

• 7hese are end+rin" !ersonality

characteristics so they sho+ld e stale.

• P@-5 scales are "enerally tem!orallystale.



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/eliaility and Balidity

• 7he colle"e sam!le total screened sam!le

si8e is 2,&2= (1,15 men, 1,44= #omen)

• 7he Psychiatric % sam!le is a com!ositesam!le of '2= !atients (1=6 men, 166

#omen) in chronic care



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;9 P-/,

• is a !sycholo"ical !ersonality inventory? a

26-H+estion meas+re of the Five Factor

Model3



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;e+roticism

1. %n:iety

2. ostility

'. De!ression

6. @elf-onscio+sness

5. m!+lsiveness

. B+lneraility to @tress



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9:traversion

1. Warmth

2. Ire"ario+sness

'. %ssertiveness

6. %ctivity

5. 9:citement @ee$in"

. Positive 9motion



6'

!enness

1.Fantasy

2.%esthetics

'.Feelin"s

6.%ctions

5.deas

.Bal+es



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%"reealeness

1.7r+st

2.@trai"htfor#ardness

'.%ltr+ism

6.om!liance

5.Modesty

.7endermindedness



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onscientio+sness

1.om!etence

2.rder

'.D+tif+lness

6.%chievement @trivin"

5.@elf-Disci!line

.Delieration



67he 9nd



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• %"onal3 %ssociated #ith or relatin" to "reat

!ain, es!ecially the a"ony of death.



6=

• Berisimilit+de3 7he H+ality of a!!earin" to

e tr+e or real.



6&

• Kiertine3 ne #ho acts #itho+t moral

restraint? a dissol+te !erson.



@+r"ency

• ther synonyms for s+r"ency incl+de dominance,

self-confidence, com!etitiveness, o+t"oin",

e:troverted, and decisive.

• @+r"ency involves !atterns of ehavior often

e:hiited in "ro+! settin"s and "enerally

concerned #ith "ettin" ahead in life.

• ndivid+als lo#er in s+r"ency !refer to #or$ ythemselves and have relatively little interest in

infl+encin", controllin", or com!etin" #ith others.

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The Personality Psychopathology Five