The Persistence of Memory 3 Types of Memory Episodic 3 Types of Memory Episodic Semantic 3 Types of Memory Episodic Semantic Implicit (Procedural) 3 Processes of Memory Encoding 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Visual or Acoustic 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Visual or Acoustic Semantic 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Visual or Acoustic Semantic Storage (Your big filing cabinet) 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Visual or Acoustic Semantic Storage (Your big filing cabinet) Maintenance Rehearsal 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Visual or Acoustic Semantic Storage (Your big filing cabinet) Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Visual or Acoustic Semantic Storage (Your big filing cabinet) Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Retrieval 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Visual or Acoustic Semantic Storage (Your big filing cabinet) Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Retrieval Context Dependent 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Visual or Acoustic Semantic Storage (Your big filing cabinet) Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Retrieval Context Dependent State Dependent What about False memories? They can be planted. What about False memories? They can be planted. Certainty is no guarantee. What about False memories? They can be planted. Certainty is no guarantee. Source Confusion What about False memories? They can be planted. Certainty is no guarantee. Source Confusion Elaboration What about False memories? They can be planted. Certainty is no guarantee. Source Confusion Elaboration Modification What about False memories? They can be planted. Certainty is no guarantee. Source Confusion Elaboration Modification Excess pressure for details What about False memories? They can be planted. Certainty is no guarantee. Source Confusion Elaboration Modification Excess pressure for details Wish fulfillment Reyna & Brainerd Verbatim Trace Memory Reyna & Brainerd Verbatim Trace Memory Gist Trace Memory Reyna & Brainerd Verbatim Trace Memory Gist Trace Memory Kids may be more reliable witnesses! How about brain scans for lie detection? Stages of Storage (1) Sensory Memory Stages of Storage (1) Sensory Memory Sight (Visual) Iconic Eidetic Stages of Storage (1) Sensory Memory Sight (Visual) Iconic Eidetic Hearing (Auditory) Echoic Lasts Longer Music helps Stages of Storage (1) Sensory Memory Sight (Visual) Iconic Eidetic Hearing (Auditory) Echoic Lasts Longer Music helps Smell Olfactory Stages of Storage (1) Sensory Memory Sight (Visual) Iconic Eidetic Hearing (Auditory) Echoic Lasts Longer Music helps Smell Olfactory Taste Savory Stages of Storage (1) Sensory Memory Sight (Visual) Iconic Eidetic Hearing (Auditory) Echoic Lasts Longer Music helps Smell Olfactory Taste Savory Touch Haptic Stages of Storage (2) Short-term Memory (Working Memory) Stages of Storage (2) Short-term Memory (Working Memory) [Are you a sieve or a sponge?] [Do you rehearse?] Stages of Storage (2) Short-term Memory (Working Memory) [Are you a sieve or a sponge?] [Do you rehearse?] Primacy and Recency Effects Stages of Storage (2) Short-term Memory (Working Memory) [Are you a sieve or a sponge?] [Do you rehearse?] Primacy and Recency Effects Chunking Stages of Storage (2) Short-term Memory (Working Memory) [Are you a sieve or a sponge?] [Do you rehearse?] Primacy and Recency Effects Chunking Interference (Displacement) Stages of Storage (3) Long-term Memory Stages of Storage (3) Long-term Memory Mechanical/Rote (maintenance rehearsal) Stages of Storage (3) Long-term Memory Mechanical/Rote (maintenance rehearsal) Relating (elaborative rehearsal) Stages of Storage (3) Long-term Memory Mechanical/Rote (maintenance rehearsal) Relating (elaborative rehearsal) Reconstruction Stages of Storage (3) Long-term Memory Mechanical/Rote (maintenance rehearsal) Relating (elaborative rehearsal) Reconstruction Schemas Stages of Storage (3) Long-term Memory Mechanical/Rote (maintenance rehearsal) Relating (elaborative rehearsal) Reconstruction Schemas It is probably limitless! Memory Tasks Recognition Memory Tasks Recognition Recall Memory Tasks Recognition Recall Relearning Forgetting Infantile Amnesia Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things Decay Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time Interference Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information Repression Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information RepressionRelieve anxiety, guilt, or shame Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information RepressionRelieve anxiety, guilt, or shame Amnesia Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information RepressionRelieve anxiety, guilt, or shame AmnesiaTrauma-induced Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information RepressionRelieve anxiety, guilt, or shame AmnesiaTrauma-induced Retrograde Amnesia Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information RepressionRelieve anxiety, guilt, or shame AmnesiaTrauma-induced Retrograde AmnesiaLose prior knowledge Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information RepressionRelieve anxiety, guilt, or shame AmnesiaTrauma-induced Retrograde AmnesiaLose prior knowledge Anterograde Amnesia Forgetting Infantile AmnesiaBabies dont remember things DecayMemory fades over time InterferenceDisplacement by new information RepressionRelieve anxiety, guilt, or shame AmnesiaTrauma-induced Retrograde AmnesiaLose prior knowledge Anterograde AmnesiaLose subsequent knowledge Can I improve my memory? Drill and Practice repetition Can I improve my memory? Drill and Practice repetition Make connections Can I improve my memory? Drill and Practice repetition Make connections Build Links Can I improve my memory? Drill and Practice repetition Make connections Build Links Find unique associations Can I improve my memory? Drill and Practice repetition Make connections Build Links Find unique associations Mnemonics