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The Persian EmpireThe Persian Empire
Chapter 2Chapter 2
Section 4Section 4
Key TermsKey Terms
Cyrus the GreatCyrus the Great Darius IDarius I SatrapSatrap XerxesXerxes ZoroasterZoroaster DualismDualism
Growth and OrganizationGrowth and Organization
Persia under MedesPersia under Medes– Created MediaCreated Media– Conquered neighborsConquered neighbors– Conquered PersiaConquered Persia– Allowed them to keep Allowed them to keep
leadersleaders– Remained subject to Remained subject to
MedesMedes
Growth and OrganizationGrowth and Organization
Cyrus the GreatCyrus the Great– 559 BC559 BC– Led revolt against MedesLed revolt against Medes– Conquered Asia MinorConquered Asia Minor– Several Geek citiesSeveral Geek cities– Defeated ChaldeansDefeated Chaldeans– Captured BabylonCaptured Babylon– Allowed people to keep Allowed people to keep
their customstheir customs– Won Cyrus respectWon Cyrus respect
Growth and OrganizationGrowth and Organization
– Freed Jews from Freed Jews from Babylonian slaveryBabylonian slavery
– Rebuilt their TempleRebuilt their Temple– Died fightingDied fighting– Cambyses II became Cambyses II became
emperoremperor– Was a tyrantWas a tyrant
Growth and OrganizationGrowth and Organization
Darius IDarius I– Fought to restore orderFought to restore order– Permanent armyPermanent army– Paid and trained Paid and trained
soldierssoldiers– 10,000 Immortals10,000 Immortals– BodyguardBodyguard– Calvary and chariotsCalvary and chariots– Ceremony and ritualsCeremony and rituals– King of KingsKing of Kings
Growth and OrganizationGrowth and Organization
– Symbols of powerSymbols of power– Wore robes and jewelryWore robes and jewelry– Satraps- were Satraps- were
governors of a regiongovernors of a region– King had officials check King had officials check
on satrapson satraps– Strengthened Persian Strengthened Persian
economyeconomy– First coins mintedFirst coins minted– Built roads Built roads
Growth and OrganizationGrowth and Organization
Persia in DeclinePersia in Decline– Darius was the Darius was the
highpointhighpoint– Xerxes tried to expandXerxes tried to expand– Invaded Greece and Invaded Greece and
was defeatedwas defeated– Last strong emperorLast strong emperor– Rebellions startedRebellions started– Conquered by Conquered by
Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great
ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism
Based on the teachings Based on the teachings of a man named of a man named ZoroasterZoroaster
World created by Ahura World created by Ahura MazdaMazda
Evil spirit AhrimanEvil spirit Ahriman Dualism- taught that Dualism- taught that
world is controlled by world is controlled by opposing forces of opposing forces of good and evilgood and evil
ZorastrianismZorastrianism
People had free willPeople had free will Join Mazda and fight Join Mazda and fight
evilevil Avoid bad deedsAvoid bad deeds Taught how to best Taught how to best
serveserve Good deeds recorded Good deeds recorded
in Avestain Avesta Sacred textSacred text
ZorastrianismZorastrianism
– Avesta says people live Avesta says people live good livesgood lives
– Enter heaven Enter heaven (pleasurable)(pleasurable)
– Wicked punished for Wicked punished for sinssins
– End of time all are End of time all are forgivenforgiven
Persian AchievementsPersian Achievements
Blending caused unityBlending caused unity Peaceful empirePeaceful empire CommunicationCommunication
– RoadsRoads– Royal road 1500 miles Royal road 1500 miles
longlong– Messengers on Messengers on
horsebackhorseback
Persian AchievementsPersian Achievements
Art and ArchitectureArt and Architecture– Delicate drinking Delicate drinking
vesselsvessels– Gold objectsGold objects– High ceiling audience High ceiling audience
hallhall– Columns supported the Columns supported the
ceilingceiling– Brightly paintedBrightly painted– Stone carvingsStone carvings