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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

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Page 1: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

The Periodic Table

Page 2: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry …

• …was a mess!!!• No organization of

elements.• Imagine going to a grocery

store with no organization!!• Difficult to find information.

Page 3: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Why is the Periodic Table important to you?

• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemistry student.

• It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.

Page 4: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!
Page 5: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Table

HOW HIS WORKED…• Put elements in rows

by increasing atomic mass.

• Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.

Page 6: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

The Current Periodic Table• The elements are put in rows by increasing

ATOMIC NUMBER!!• The horizontal rows are called periods and are

labeled from 1 to 7.• The vertical columns are called groups are

labeled from 1 to 18.

Page 7: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!
Page 8: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

• Horizontal rows in the periodic table are called periods (LEFT TO RIGHT)

• Vertical columns are called groups

(UP AND DOWN)• The elements are arranged based on their

valence electrons outside the nucleus

Periods and Groups

Page 9: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

The truth about groups…

Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!

Page 10: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Families on the Periodic Table

• Columns are called groups or families.

• Families have characteristics in common .

• Check out Group 11 (Gold, Silver and Copper)

Page 11: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!
Page 12: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Hydrogen

• Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.

• Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas.

• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

Page 13: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Alkali Metals

• 1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.

• Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature

• Members: Li, Na, K

Page 14: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)

• Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.

• Members: Mg and Ca

Page 15: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Transition Metals

• Elements in groups 3-12• Less reactive harder

metals• Includes metals used in

jewelry and construction.• Members: Au, Ag, Fe

Page 16: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Boron Family

• Elements in group 13

• Aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”

• Members: B, Al

Page 17: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Carbon Family• Elements in group 14

• Contains elements important to life and computers (semiconductor).

• Members: C, Si

Page 18: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Nitrogen Family• Elements in group 15

• Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.

• Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are both important in living things.

Page 19: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Oxygen Family

• Elements in group 16• Oxygen is necessary for

respiration.• Members: S, O• Many things that stink,

contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

Page 20: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

Halogens

• Elements in group 17• Very reactive,

dangerous, nonmetals

• Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

• Members: F, Cl, I

Page 21: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

The Noble Gases

Page 22: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!

The Noble Gases

• Elements in group 18• VERY unreactive, gases• Used in lighted “neon”

signs• Have a full valence shell.• Members: He, Ne and Ar