The Periodic Table• A map of the building block of matter.

1IA

18VIIIA

11H

1.00797

2IIA

Periodic Table 13IIIA

14IVA

15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2He

4.0026

23

Li6.939

4Be

9.0122

5B

10.811

6C

12.0112

7N

14.0067

8O

15.9994

9F

18.9984

10Ne

20.179

311

Na22.9898

12Mg24.305

3IIIB

4IVB

5VB

6VIB

7VIIB

8 9VIIIB

10 11IB

12IIB

13Al

26.9815

14Si

28.086

15P

30.9738

16S

32.064

17Cl

35.453

18Ar

39.948

419K

39.102

20Ca40.08

21Sc

44.956

22Ti

47.90

23V

50.942

24Cr

51.996

25Mn

54.9380

26Fe

55.847

27Co

58.9332

28Ni58.71

29Cu63.54

30Zn65.37

31Ga65.37

32Ge72.59

33As

74.9216

34Se78.96

35Br

79.909

36Kr83.80

537

Rb85.47

38Sr87.62

39Y

88.905

40Zr91.22

41Nb

92.906

42Mo95.94

43Tc[99]

44Ru

101.07

45Rh

102.905

46Pd106.4

47Ag

107.870

48Cd

112.40

49In

114.82

50Sn

118.69

51Sb

121.75

52Te

127.60

53I

126.904

54Xe

131.30

655Cs

132.905

56Ba

137.34

57La

138.91

72Hf

178.49

73Ta

180.948

74W

183.85

75Re186.2

76Os190.2

77Ir

192.2

78Pt

195.09

79Au

196.967

80Hg200.59

81Tl

204.37

82Pb

207.19

83Bi

208.980

84Po[210]

85At[210]

86Rn[222]

787Fr[223]

88Ra[226]

89Ac[227]

104Ku[260]

105 106 107 108 109http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html

Periodic Law

• Periodic Law: –Physical and chemical

properties of the elements repeat in a regular pattern when they are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Families or Groups & Periods

• Families or groups go down columns of the periodic table.

• There are 18 columns that have similar characteristics and they have the following names.1 – alkaline earth metals 15 – nitrogen group2 – alkali metals 16 – chalcogens3-12 – transition metals 17 – halogens13 – boron group 18 – noble gases14 – carbon group

• Periods go across the periodic table.

Directions of trendsIncrease Across – Decrease Down

Electronegativity• Ability to attract

electrons • Most electronegative

atoms are in upper right corner of periodic table (fluorine)

• That’s why atoms on the right gain electrons; they pull electrons from the metals on the left.

Ionization Energy

• Energy required to remove an electron from an atom

• The nucleus’s hold on its valence electrons

Direction of trends increase-down a group & decrease across a period

Atomic Radius• Refers to size of an atom

• As you move across the period, the attraction between valence electrons and the nucleus is stronger; resulting in smaller size

Melting & Boiling Points• Temperature required to

melt or boil an element.

• Metals increase as you go down a group; decrease across a period.

• Nonmetals decrease down a group and increase across a period.

Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement• Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

MetalsMetalsNonmetalsNonmetals

Reading the Periodic Table: Classification

Across the Periodic TablePeriods:Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table

(rows 1-7)(rows 1-7)These elements have the same number of valence shells.These elements have the same number of valence shells.

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

2nd Period

6th Period

Down the Periodic Table•Family:Family: Are arranged vertically down the periodic table Are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)•These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell

Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell

Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell

Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell

Infamous Families of the Periodic Table

• Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Alkali

Alkaline (earth)

Transition MetalsTransition Metals

Noble GasNoble GasHalogenHalogen

ChalcogensChalcogens

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Important members - the Elements

• Individual members of selected Elements & their Individual members of selected Elements & their characteristics characteristics

H He

Li

Na

K Ca

Mg

Fe

I

Cl

F

P SSi

ONC

Al

ZnCu

Ag

Br

Periodic Table: Electron Behavior• The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of the electrons

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

---------- --------------- ----------------- METALS

Alkali Alkaline

Transition

METALLOID NON-METALS Noble gas Halogens

Chalcogens These elements tend to give up

e- and form CATIONS

These elements will give up e- or

accept e-

These elements tend to accept e- and form ANIONS

Trend in Atomic Radius•Atomic Radius: Atomic Radius:

•The size of an atom is decreases as you move across a period and increases as you move down a family.

Trend in Ionization PotentialIonization potential: Ionization potential:

The energy required to remove the valence electron from an atom. It is greatest in the upper right corner of the periodic table because these atoms hold on to their valence e- the tightest.

Trend in Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity: Electron Affinity:

The energy released when an electron is added to an atom. It is greatest in the upper right corner of the periodic table as these atoms have the greatest affinity for electrons.

Summary of Trends1. Electron Configuration

2. Atomic Radius

3. Ionization Energy3. Ionization Energy4. Electron Affinity4. Electron Affinity