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The Pelvis
ANHB 2212 – 2008
Avinash Bharadwaj
Bony Pelvis
• Hip bones
• Sacrum
• Joints and ligaments
Hip Bone
Ligaments
• Sacrospinous
• Sacrotuberous
• Notches Foramina
• Other ligaments
The walls
• Pelvis as a container• Muscles
– Piriformis– Obturator muscles
(Internus/externus)• Membrane
• Vessels and nerves
The Floor
• Pelvic diaphragm– Pubis sacrum
(coccyx)– Obturator fascia
The Floor• Pelvic diaphragm
– Levator ani• Puborectalis• Pubococcygeus• Iliococcygeus
– Coccygeus (ischio-)
• Perineum– Urogenital region
• …diaphragm
– Anal region
Urogenital Region
• Male urethra
• Penis– Corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa– Muscles
• Comparable female structures
The Pelvis – “True” and “False”
• Iliac fossae
• The pelvic brim
• Pelvic cavity
Contents
• Urinary system– Bladder and urethra
• Repoductive system– Male / female
• Digestive system– Rectum – anal canal
• Peritoneum…
Urinary Bladder
• Muscular wall
• Reservoir
• Sphincters– Internal – smooth– External – urogenital diaphragm - skeletal
• Variation in size, shape and location…
• Empty – Tetrahedral, Pelvis
• Full – ovoid, partly abdominal
Urogenital Organs - Male
• Prostate• Seminal vesicles• Ductus deferens
Female Reproductive Organs
• Uterus– Fundus, body, cervix
• Vagina• Angles• Fornix• Ovary and the tube
Female Reproductive Organs
• Uterus– Fundus, body, cervix
• Non-pregnant– Pelvic
• Pregnant– Pelvic 12 weeks– Abdominal
• 20 weeks – umbilicus• 36 weeks -
xiphisternum
Female Reproductive Organs
• Ovaries– Descent– Stops in the pelvis– Ligaments
• Round ligament
– Ovarian artery• From aorta
Female Reproductive Organs
• Uterine tubes– Parts
• Also note– Ovarian artery– Uterine artery
• Ligaments
Rectum and Anal Canal
• The junction• Developmental
correlation• Venous anastomoses• Nerves and lymphatics• Mucosa and sphincters
Internal sphincter – smooth muscleExternal sphincter - skeletal
Rectum and Anal Canal
• Lower part – Ectodermal– Systemic veins– “Modified skin”
The Pelvis – Birth Canal
• Is it adequate?
• How do we know?
• Sexual dimorphism
• Variations and types
Pelvic Dimensions
• Inlet
• Midcavity
• Outlet
• A-P
• Transverse
• Oblique
Types of Female Pelvis
• Gynaecoid
• Android
• Antrhopoid
• Platypelloid
• Abnormalities