the-passive-voice1.doc

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THE PASSIVE

VOICEINTRODUCTION

The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense asthe active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the activeverb becomes the ‘agent’ of the passive verb. The agent is very often not mentioned.When it is mentioned it is preceded by by and placed at the end of the clause.

Active: My grandfather planted this tree.Passive: This tree was planted by mygrandfather.

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICEPresent Simple He delivers the letters. The letters are delivered .

Past Simple He delivered the letters. The letters weredelivered .

Future Simple He will deliver the letters. The letters will bedelivered .

Present Continuous He is delivering theletters.

The letters are beingdelivered .

Past Continuous He was delivering theletters.

The letters were beingdelivered .

Going to He is going to deliver theletters.

The letters are going tobe delivered .

Present Perfect He has delivered theletters. The letters have beendelivered .Past Perfect He had delivered the

letters.The letters had beendelivered .

In niti e He has to deliver theletters.

The letters have to bedelivered .

PASSIVE VERB TENSES

SI!P"E CO#TI#$O$S PE%FECT

& S + am/is/are + Ptp S + am/is/are +being + Ptp

S + have/has + been+ Ptp

P%ESE#T ' S + am/is/are + not+ Ptp

S + am/is/are + not+being + Ptp

S + have/has + not+ been + Ptp

( m/!s/ re + S +Ptp "

m/!s/ re# + S +being + Ptp "

$ave/$as# + S +been + Ptp "

& S + %as/%ere + Ptp S + %as/%ere +being + Ptp

S + had + been +Ptp

PAST ' S + %as/%ere + not+ Ptp

S + %as/%ere + not+ being + Ptp

S + had + not +been + Ptp

( Was/Were + S +Ptp&"

Was/Were + S +being + Ptp"

$ad + S + been +Ptp

& S + %ill + be + Ptp

F$T$%E ' S + %ill + not + be +Ptp

( Will + S + be + Ptp "

& S + & to be'am/is/are# + goingto + be + Ptp

GOI#G TO ' S + & to be'am/is/are# + not +going to + be + Ptp

" & to be 'am/is/are# +S + going to + be +Ptp "





Short answers



To ma(e short ans%ers)

%e use the verb to be 'am/is/are/%as/%ere# for Present Simple, Past Simple,Present Contin o s, Past Contin o s and !oing To *uestions. %e use the verb )a e 'have/has/had# for Present Perfect and PastPerfect *uestions. %e use *ill for " t re Simple

*uestions.USE

The Passive is used)

. %hen the agent ',the person %ho does the action# is un+no*n , unimportant or ob ious from the conte-t. #ane was shot . $%e don&t 'now who shot

her.( This ch rch was built in )*)+. $ nimportantagent(He has been arrested . $-bvio sly by the

police(. to ma(e more polite or formal statements.The car hasn t been !leaned" $more

polite($ o haven&t cleaned the car. / less polite(. %hen the action is more important than the agent0 as in processes0 instructions0events0 reports0 headlines0 ne% items0 and advertisements.01 people were #illed in the

earth2 a'e.1. to put emp)asis on t)eagent . The new library will be opened b$ the

%ueen . A&ENT To say %ho did the action that %e are tal(ing about0 ie. to refer to the agent 0 %e use thepreposition by and the name ' by Peter # 0 noun ' by the teacher # or pronoun ' by him # at theend of the sentence.We usually only refer to the agent %hen it gives us some important information %hichother%ise %ould be missing from the sentence.

- r ho se was designed b$ a 'a(ousar!hite!t"We don’t mention the agent)

. if %e don’t (no% %ho has done %hat %e aretal(ing about.- r car was stolen last night. $%e don&t 'now who stole

it(. if %e are not interested in %ho has done %hat %e are tal(ing about or it is notimportant to mention it.He has been ta'en to hospital. $%hat we are interested in is the fact that he

has been ta'en to hospital and not who has ta'en him.(. if it is easy to understand %ho did something %ithout it beingmentioned.The m rderer was arrested last night. $3t is not necessary to mention that he

has been arrested by the police beca se it is self4evident.(

1. if the subject of the active voice sentence is something li(e somebo-y,people, t)ey, you, etc.

So(eone bro'e the window. ) The window wasbro'en.

ACTIVE TO PASSIVE To change a sentence from the active voice to the passivevoice)

the ob/ect of the active voice sentence becomes the sub/ect of the passivevoice sentence.

Agatha Christie wrote this boo#"This boo# was written by AgathaChristie. %e change the main verb of the active voice sentence into the passive voice. The

tense remains unchanged. the sub/ect of the active voice sentence becomes the agent of the passive

sentence. !t is placed after the past participle and it is preceded by the prepositionby.





Agatha Christie



wrote this boo'.



This boo' was written b$ AgathaChristie .

2eslie too( this photographyesterday.S34567T 7T!&6 &684 94567T

T!:6 79:P26:6;T

This photograph %as ta(en by 2eslieyesterday. S34567T P SS!&6 &684 <6;T

T!:6 79:P26:6;T

B* OR +IT,-!n the passive voice0 %e use)

by %ith the agent to refer to by %hom the action isbeing done.The door was opened b$ .r Bla!#" $Mr 5la' 6

agent( *it) to refer to the instrument0 object or material that %as used forsomething to be done.The door was opened with a #e$ . $a 'ey 6 the ob7ect that wassed(The omelette was made with eggs/ !heese and 0e00ers . $eggs, cheeseand peppers 6 the material that was sed(

DOUB1E OB2ECT VERBSWhen %e have verbs that ta(e t%o objects li(e0 for e-ample0 gi e somebo-ysomet)ing 0 %e can convert the active sentence into a passive one in t%o %ays)

a. by ma(ing the in-irect 'animate# ob/ect the subject of the passive voice sentence0

%hich is also the %ay that %e usually prefer.b. 4y ma(ing the -irect 'inanimate# ob/ect the subject of thepassive voice.



8ic' gave me $indirect ob7ect( this boo' $directob7ect( .I was given this boo' by 8ic'.This boo# was given to me by8ic'.Some of the verbs that ta(e t%o objects are) gi e 0 tell 0 sen- 0 s)o* 0 bring 0 *rite 0

o0er 0 pay 0 etc.When the indirect object is alone after the verb in the passive voice sentence0 it needs thepreposition to .!f the indirect object of the active voice sentence is a personal pronoun it has to bechanged into a subject pronoun to be the subject of the passive voice sentence.

SUB2EC

T

OB2ECT

I 12 me SUB2ECT

OB2ECT

3ou 12 you 4e 12 usHe 12 )im 3ou 12 youS)e 12 )er T)ey 12 t)emIt 12 it

BIB1IO&RAP,*= . 5. Thomson and .&. :artinet0 Practical 6nglish <rammar0 9-ford 3niversityPress0 >?@ = &. 6vans0 8ound=3p '6nglish <rammar Practice#02ongman0 >>A = :. 7arling and S. 5ervis0 <rammar Time 102ongman0 BB = S. 5ervis0 <rammar Time A0 2ongman0BB = :. 7arling0 <rammar Time @0 2ongman0BB





E5E%CISES





6. Complete t)e sentences *it) t)e correct passi e form of t)e erbs inbrac+ets. $se t)e Present Simple.a. 6nglish CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'spea(# in many

countries.b. The post CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'deliver# at about D o’cloc( everymorning.c. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'the building/use# any

more"d. $o% often CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'the 9lympic<ames'hold#"e. $o% CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'yourname/spell#"f. :y salary CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'pay# everymonth.g. These cars CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'not ma(e# in

5apan.h. The name of the people %ho committed the crime CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC'not (no%#.i. $is travel e-penses CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'not pay# by hiscompany.

7. Complete t)e sentences *it) t)e correct passi e form of t)e erbs inbrac+ets. $se t)e Past Simple.

a. :y car CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'repair# last%ee(.b. This song CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'not %rite# by 5ohn2ennon.c. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'the phone/ans%er# by a younggirl"d. The Elm CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'ma(e# ten yearsago.e. When CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC'tennis/invent#"f. The car CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'not damaged# in theaccident.g. The original building CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'pull# do%n in>@A.h. Where CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'thispot/ma(e#"i. When CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'thisbridge/build#"

8. C)oose t)e correct form of t)e erbsin brac+ets.FIAT

Fiat B was started 'started/%as started# by a group of !talian businessmen in ?>>.!n >B 0 Fiat0 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'produced/%as produced# cars. Some of these cars CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'e-ported/%ere e-ported# by the company to the 3nited Statesand 4ritain. !n > B0 Fiat CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'started/%as started# ma(ing cars at a ne%factory at 2ingotto0 near Turin. There %as a trac( on the roof %here the cars1 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'tested/%ere tested# by technicians. !n > @0 Fiat launched theFiat ABB. This car A CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'called/%as called# the Topolino G the !talianname for :ic(ey :ouse. The company gre%0 and in >@ Fiat @ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC'e-ported/%as e-ported# more than BB0BBB vehicles. Today0 Fiat is based in Turin0 andits cars D CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'sold/are sold# all over the %orld.

9. C)ange t)e follo*ing sentences into passi e sentences usingt)e *or-s in brac+ets.a. We sell tic(ets for all sho%s at the 4o- 9Hce. 'Tic(ets for all sho%s/sell/at the 4o-

9Hce# CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCb. Thomas 6dison invented the electric light bulb. 'The electric light bulb/invent/by Thomas 6dison# CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCc. Someone painted the oHce last %ee(. 'TheoHce/paint/last %ee(# CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCd. Several people sa% the accident. 'The accident/see/byseveral people# CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCe. Where do they ma(e these video recorders" 'Where/these videorecorders/ma(e#



CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

:. %e*rite t)ese sentences in t)epassi e oice. a. Someone built this house BB

years ago. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCb. thief stole my

purse. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCc. The police %ill arrest therobbers. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCd. They produce cars in thisfactory. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCe. They serve brea(fast at eight o’cloc(every day. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCf. People thro% a%ay tones of rubbishevery day. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCg. They ma(e coIee in4raJil. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCh. Someone stole 5im’s bi(e latnight. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

;. %e*rite t)ese sentences in t)epassi e oice. a. They %ill build a ne% bridge ne-t

year. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCb. 4rian 4rody directed The ltimate Space

Advent re . CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

c. Pierre :atie %ill design hercostume. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

d. Someone found my%allet. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCe. 9ne of the students bro(e the%indo%. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCf. They %ill deliver my computer on:onday. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCg. :ary invited Paul to her birthdayparty. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCh. 4ritish astronomers discovered a ne%planet. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

<. Form t)e=uestion. a. Paper is made from %ood. 3s paper made from wood

"b. The telephone %as invented by :r 4ell. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"c. This picture %as painted by Peter. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"d. The thieves %ill be arrested by the police.

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"e. 7hampagne is made in France. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"f. The letters %ill be sent ne-t %ee(. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"g. The animals are fed three times a day. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"h. This article %as %ritten by Stanley. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"



i. 7Ks are made of plastic. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC" j. The party %as organised by Paul. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC"

>. %ea- an- complete. $se PastSimple. a. The toothbrush / invent / in the A th

century. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCb. The Erst public bas(etball game / play /

in ?> . CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCc. The Erst eyeglasses / %ear / in theBBs. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

d. The Erst bicycle / ride inD> . CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCe. The Erst hot dog / eat / in the?@Bs. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

f. The Erst 7Ks / sell / in the>?Bs. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCg. The Erst electric guitar / play / in> . CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCh. The Erst computer mouse / use />@1. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

?. Complete *it) t)e passi e. $sePresent Simple. a. This programme CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC '%atch# by millions of

people.b. Paper CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'ma(e# from%ood.c. $undreds of people CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC '(ill# in accidentsevery year.d. 2ondon CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'visit# by thousands of touristsevery year.e. The biology class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'teach# by :r<reen.f. 6nglish CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'spea(# all over the%orld.g. 2unch CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'serve# at t%elveo’cloc(.h. 4oo(s CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC '%rite# byauthors.

6@. Put t)e erbs in brac+ets into Past

Simple Passi e. T%o men CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'see# brea(ing into a house in my street last night. The police CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'call# and they arrived very *uic(ly. 9ne man CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'catch# immediately. The other escaped0 but he CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'End# very soon. 4oth men CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'ta(e# to thepolice station %here they CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC '*uestion# separately by a policeoHcer. The t%o men CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 'charge# %ith burglary.

66. %e*rite t)e follo*ing passage int)e Passi e.



Somebody has stolen a bus from outside the school. Some children sa% the thief. Thepolice are searching for the bus no%. They %ill use the children’s descriptions to catchthe thief. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

67. %e*rite t)e follo*ing passage int)e Passi e. Some people sa% a 3F9 in the s(y above 2ondon last night. They reported it to the

police. The army sent a helicopter to loo( at it more closer. The 3F9 shot the helicopterdo%n and (illed both men in it. People have given photographs of the 3F9 to thepolice. 6-perts are loo(ing at them no%.

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

68. %e*rite t)e follo*ing passage int)e Passi e. Someone bro(e into a local je%ellery shop yesterday. The o%ner had just loc(ed up the

shop %hen a robber %ith a gun threatened him. The robber told him to unloc( the shopand give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then the robber tied him up. The police haveorganiJed a search for the robber. They hope they %ill End him in a fe% days. Koctorsare treating the o%ner of the shop for shoc(. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

69. %e*rite t)e follo*ing passage int)e Passi e. :y uncle painted this picture. Someone has oIered him a lot of money for it. $e %ill

deliver the painting tomorro%. When they give him the money0 he %ill tell them thetruth. $e painted it one night %hile he %as sleep%al(ingL

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

6:. %e*rite t)e follo*ing passage int)e Passi e. 9ur school is organiJing a contest. The teachers %ill choose the best project about the

environment. The students must include pictures and dra%ings in their projects. Thestudents %ill also have to do all the %riting themselves. The school %ill give the %inner

a set of encyclopaedias. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

6;. Turn from Acti e to Passi e int*o *ays. a. $e gave me a present.

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

b. The %aiter %ill bring us the bill.

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

c. $er mother bought :ary some s%eets. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC


d. 4ob has sold Ted a second=hand car. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC








e. 2arry is going to send a letter to Tom. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC


6<. Turn from Acti e toPassi e. a. Someone is helping her %ith the

house%or(. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCb. The mail=order company sent :rs <reen aparcel. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCc. :y friend sent me aninvitation. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCd. The secretary has given :rs 5ones someletters. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCe. The traHc %arden had already given him a tic(et forillegal par(ing. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCf. 5ohn gave 6liJabeth that beautifulring. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCg. $er students have sent herMo%ers. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCh. $e must give the message to the rightperson. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCi. We teach our students 6nglish andFrench. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

j. Someone bought Mo%ers for thebride. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

(. They sho%ed the tourists the sights ofthens. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCl. They pay her an e-cellentsalary. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCm. They paid the artist N 0BBB for hispainting. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

6>. %e*rite t)ese sentences in t)epassi e oice. . They sell oysters in the shop ne-t

door. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. They haven’t delivered thefood yet. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. Sha(espeare %rote 9ingear . CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1. They have to ans%er the *uestions on thissheet. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA. $as anybody put the casesupstairs" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC@. Someone should ta(e this rubbisha%ay. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

D. They’ll as( you a lot of*uestions. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC?. Someone’s going to send her someMo%ers.




>. They didn’t pay me much forthat job. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCB. $ave they oIered him abetter job" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

. They told us asecret. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

. Would they lend me theircar" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. People should send their complaints to the

head oHce. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1. They had to postpone the meeting becauseof illness. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA. They are going to hold ne-t year’s congress in SanFrancisco. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC@. The bill includesservice. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD. People don’t use this road veryoften. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC?. They cancelled all the Mightsbecause of fog. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC>. Somebody accused me of stealing themoney. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCB. They are building a ne% ring=road roundthe city. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. ! didn’t realiJe that someone %as recording our

conversation. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. They have changed the date of the

meeting. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. 4rian told me that somebody had attac(ed and robbed him

in the street. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1. Oou should open the %ine about three hours beforeyou use it. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA. Somebody had cleaned my shoes andbrushed my suit. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC@. We use this room only on specialoccasions. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD. !n some districts farmers use pigs to Endtru es. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC?. 5ohn gave 6liJabeth thatbeautiful ring. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC>. They have oIered Sarah a verygood job. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCB. The estate agent sho%ed the house to theyoung people. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. We %ill pay the gardener a lot of

money. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. Someone is going to repair the roof

ne-t %ee(.




. They can’t End 5oanna. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

1. They should decorate the room %ithMo%ers. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA. rchaeologists have discovered anancient temple. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

@. We %ill put all these things intobo-es. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD. The EreEghters rescued the teenagers from theburning building. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC?. The youngest student in the class has %ritten the bestcomposition. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC>. The children send me messagesevery day. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1B. The villagers gave the travellers foodand %ater. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

1 .

very talented young girl %rotethe story. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1 . They are going to Enish the ne% road in afe% days. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1 . They cancelled the match because ofthe rain. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC11. Oou must not cross thisline. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1A. They had pic(ed the oranges beforethe storm. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1@. Professor Smith should %rite theboo(. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1D. :r 6lliot %ill pay the%or(ers. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1?. T%o men %ere follo%ing

Tom. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1>. :illions of people use the !nternetevery day. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAB. They gave 4ob a 7K player for hisbirthday. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA . The prime minister %ill give a medal to the%inners. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA . She is telling the children astory. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA . They’ve oIered Sallya job. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA1. Poisonous chemicals have pollutedthe river. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAA. Koctor Simms ise-amining her. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA@. Oou must stop himno%. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAD. Someone gave them free tic(ets for theconcert. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

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