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The ParthenonThe Parthenon
Classical Period, AthensClassical Period, Athens
Doric StyleDoric Style
Agora, Acropolis, PolisAgora, Acropolis, Polis
Agora: marketplace where people Agora: marketplace where people gathered to conduct business and political gathered to conduct business and political affairs as well as to socialize.affairs as well as to socialize.
Acropolis: fortified hilltop where temples Acropolis: fortified hilltop where temples and shrines were located; Greek rulers and shrines were located; Greek rulers usually resided there. usually resided there.
Polis: a small, well-defined city-statePolis: a small, well-defined city-state; ; the the basic political unit of ancient Greece.basic political unit of ancient Greece.
Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission
Athenian Acropolis (Background) and Agora (foreground)
ParthenonParthenon448 – 432 B.C.E 448 – 432 B.C.E
Architects:Architects: Ictinus and Callicrates Ictinus and Callicrates Material: white marble Material: white marble Pericles: Athenian leader used money Pericles: Athenian leader used money
collected from Delian League, mutual collected from Delian League, mutual defense fund of Athenian city-states defense fund of Athenian city-states for use against the Persians.for use against the Persians.
Parthenon replaced temple destroyed Parthenon replaced temple destroyed by Persiansby Persians
Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission
The Parthenon:
A brief historyA brief historyParthenon has served as:Parthenon has served as:
Greek TempleGreek Temple Byzantine (Orthodox) ChurchByzantine (Orthodox) Church Catholic CathedralCatholic Cathedral Mosque (under Turkish rule)Mosque (under Turkish rule)
A little more history:A little more history:
1687:1687: gunpowder stored in cella by gunpowder stored in cella by Turks exploded; left Parthenon in Turks exploded; left Parthenon in ruins.ruins.
1801-1803:1801-1803: British Lord Elgin British Lord Elgin removed much of the remaining removed much of the remaining sculpture and brought it back to sculpture and brought it back to England. It is now housed in the England. It is now housed in the British Museum.British Museum.
Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission
The Parthenon
Classical Doric Architecture: Classical Doric Architecture: Austerity, Balance, GraceAusterity, Balance, Grace
A. Stepped PlatformA. Stepped Platform Stereobate Stereobate (lower two steps)(lower two steps) Stylobate Stylobate (third step where columns (third step where columns
rested)rested) B. ColumnsB. Columns
Shaft Shaft (with vertical grooves called fluting)(with vertical grooves called fluting) CapitalCapital (“flaring, cushion-like echinus; (“flaring, cushion-like echinus;
square tablet abacus)square tablet abacus)
Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission
The Parthenon: Stylobate, Columns (Shaft, Capital)
Stylobate
Shaft
Capitals
Fluted Column,
Temple Precinct near Step Pyramid of Djoser, ca 2600 B.C.E.
Some Scholars theorize that Ancient Greeks were following Ancient Egyptian model
Photo: M. Griffin
Photo: M. Griffin, Saqqara
Step Pyramid of Djoser: First successful large stone building in the world
Classical Doric Architecture: Classical Doric Architecture: continuedcontinued
C. Entablature: C. Entablature: Everything that rests Everything that rests on columnson columns
1.1. Architrave Architrave (series of stone blocks resting on (series of stone blocks resting on columns)columns)
2.2. FriezeFrieze - bands of designs and figures: - bands of designs and figures: metopes - with blank squares; metopes - with blank squares; triglyphs - with vertical linestriglyphs - with vertical lines
3.3. Cornice Cornice – projecting beyond frieze; horizontal – projecting beyond frieze; horizontal on sides; forming pediments at either end.on sides; forming pediments at either end.
4.4. PedimentsPediments – triangles formed by cornices on – triangles formed by cornices on facades.facades.
Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission
The Parthenon: Entablature
Cornice
Pediment
Frieze
Architrave
Copyright © 1997 Leo C. Curran / Date: 1957 / # ac570030 Used by permission
Parthenon, Interior, East End
Theatre of Dionysos, Athens, Greece; seen from the slope of the Acropolis
Author: BishkekRocksJune 2005 PD: Selfhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Athen_Dionysos-Theater.JPG
