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TheParkesRadioTelescopeasanSKAscienceandtechnologypathfinderNZSKAFORUM(S4SKA)2018
CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE
JimiGreen|ParkesSeniorSystemScientist,CASSGroupLeader
13thFebruary2018,Auckland
Overview
TheCSIROParkesRadioTelescope,the‘Dish’
SquareKilometreArray technologywiththeDish
SquareKilometreArrayscience withtheDish
SquareKilometreArrayeducation withtheDish
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen2 |
ParkesRadioTelescope,‘TheDish’BriefHistory
• 64mradiotelescope,~380kmwestofSydney,~20kmnorthfromtownofParkes,ownedandoperatedbyCSIRO
• Threeyearstodesignandtwoyearstobuild-officiallyopenedon31October1961
• Operatingformorethan55years
• Continualupgrades&evolutionhavebeenkey(newsurfaces,newfocuscabin,newreceiverse.g.multibeam,backendsystems)
• Multitudeofscientificdiscoveries
• Otheractivities- spacecrafttracking(‘TheDish’)
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen3 |
ParkesRadioTelescope,‘TheDish’Currentcapabilities
• 700MHzto~25GHzacross8receivers
• Including13-beam21cm‘multibeam’system
• Spectral andtemporalbackendcapabilities
• Forsingle-beamtimedomain(events<1s)andspectrometry(“DFB4”)
• Forsingle-beamtimedomainandnewlimitedpiggybackspectrometry(“CASPSR”)
• Formulti-beam(13beams)timedomainandspectrometry(“HIPSR/BPSR”)
– Real-timeFastRadioBurstdetection
• ForVeryLongBaselineInterferometry,VLBI(“DAS”&“Mk-V”)
• FledglingGPUbasedbackend‘medusa’
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen4 |
• Crucialtoenablinghighsurveyspeedsforlarge-area/all-skyscience
• ConsortiumworkingonPAFdesigns,partofAdvancedInstrumentationProgramme ->ObservatoryDevelopmentProgramme
• Variousdesigns/technologiesbeingexplored
• AustralianSKAPathfinderPhasedArrayFeeds
• Initial‘BETA’usedCSIRO1st
generation,“MKI”,PAFs
• Antennasnowoutfittedwith2nd
generation,“MKII”PAFs
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKATechnologywiththeDishPhasedArrayFeedDevelopment
5 |
CSIROAustralianSKAPathfinder,ASKAP
TheteamsfromCanada(NRC),theNetherlands(ASTRON)andAustralia(CSIRO)with
theirrespectivePhasedArrayFeeddesigns
CSIROAustralianSKAPathfinder,ASKAP
SKATechnologywiththeDishPhasedArrayFeedDevelopment
• MaxPlanckInstitute(MPIfR)PhasedArrayFeed- Re-purposedASKAPfeed(“MKII”),commissionedonParkesin2016
• Timed3Pulsarssimultaneously
• Spectrallineobservations- veryflatandstablebandpass
• NowcommissioningonEffelsberg
• 12-mantennamonitoringVelapulsar(“MKI”PAF)
• ‘Rocket’PhasedArrayFeed(thirdgeneration)
• Prototype(uncooled)ondishtesting(plusaperturetests)May2016- veryencouragingforpurposebuiltversion
• 700MHz– 2GHz,3xMBfieldofview,sub-20KTsys
• LIEFproposalinpreparationforfundingfor2019construction
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen6 |
SKATechnologywiththeDishPhasedArrayFeedDevelopment
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen7 |
30
Feed array performance comparison
Parkesmul+beam(T/η)
Parkesmul+beam
Chippendaleetal.(arXiv:1606.03533)
CryogenicrocketPAF(est.)
CryogenicrocketPAF(est)
MPIPAF
MPIPAF
System
Tem
perature/Efficien
cy
PHISCC2017 Pune
• Enablesaffordablefrequencyagilityandincreasedsciencereturn
• SKAconsortiumdedicatedtothisactivity(‘WBSPF’),partofAdvancedInstrumentationProgramme /ObservatoryDevelopment
• Typicalreceivershavean‘octave’bandwidthratioof~1:1.85,e.g.H-OHreceiveris1.2to1.8GHz
• ‘Wide-bandwidth’pushestechnologytoratiosof1:3,1:5,1:10….
• Reducesneedformultiplereceiversandprovidesmorefrequencycoveragesimultaneously
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKATechnologywiththeDishWide-bandwidthfeeds
8 |
SKA
SKA
SKA
SKA
SKA
• Ultra-WidebandLowFrequencySinglePixelFeed
• Quadridge structurewithdielectricspear
• 0.7—4.0GHz,Tsys ~22K,SEFD~35Jy
• PartlyfundedthroughAustralianResearchCouncilLIEFgrant
• FirstlightAugust2017withprotoype build
• Scheduledforfullcommissioningincomingmonths
• Ultra-WidebandMid/HighFrequencySinglePixelFeed(s)inplanning- oneortwofeedstocover4GHzupto25GHz– VLBIandradartrackingbenefits
• Widebandfeedsshare‘pan’:focuscabinwith1PAF+singlepixelcoverage0.7->~25GHz
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKATechnologywiththeDishWide-bandwidthfeeds
9 |
• PulsarSearching
• Detectionmachine>1500,~1/2ofall
• Cryo-PAF– largerfieldofview+localisation
• NewcollaborationwithFAST
• ParkesTiming
• ParkesPulsarTimingArray(PPTA):decadeofhighprecisionmeasurements
• Ultra-Wideband– increasedsensitivity/improvedTime-Of-Arrivals
• NewcollaborationwithFAST
• Transients- FastRadioBursts(FRBs)
• FirstFRBdiscoveredwithParkes(Lorimeretal.2007)
• >=21of>=26todatediscoveredwithParkes
• Majorsearchcampaigns,e.g.SUPERBreal-timedetectionprojectandnowcommensalstudies
• Cryo-PAF– largerfieldofview+localisation
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKASciencewiththeDishPulsarsandTransients
10 |
Credit:MPIfRCh.Ng.
• HIParkesAllSkySurvey(HIPASS),SouthernGalacticPlaneSurvey(SGPS),GalacticAllSkySurvey(GASS)
• ParkessurveyedourGalaxy,MagellanicClouds,1000sofnearbygalaxies,pushingfurtherinredshift
• ObservationsmadewithMPIfRPAF
• Cryo-PAFHI- intendedforgalaxygascontent,cosmicweb,intensitymapping
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKASciencewiththeDishHydrogenovercosmictime
11 |
Kim
etal.2003
• Parkes’conductedmostsensitiveexperimenttodatetodetecthigh-energyparticles,viaCerenkovradiopulse,usedtheParkes21cmmultibeam receiver,whichwasabletosee≤1/3oftheusefulareaofthemoon(Brayetal.2015)
• Otherprojectsunderway:
• CROME(previously),EASIER@AUGER,SKA,LOFAR,AuScope
• FASTwithaPAF(VLA,WSRTpreviously)
• Seekingtoknowthenature&originofultra-high-energyparticles(“oneofthebiggestmysteriesofmodernastrophysics”)
• Cryo-PAF- increasedfieldofview:seetheentiretyofthemoon.
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKASciencewiththeDishhigh-energyparticledetection
12 |
• EMUsurveywilldetectabout70millionradiosources.
• SeparateActiveGalacticNuclei(AGN)vsstar-forminggalaxies,throughsingle-baselineVeryLongBaselineinterferometer(e.g.Norris&Kesteven,2012,Middelberg etal.,2013)
• polarisation studiesoftheAGN,imagingofOHmegamasers,andclassificationofpulsarsandradiostars
• FLASHsurveywilldetectHiabsorptionin�1000radio-loudAGNatz=0.5– 1(Allisonetal.,2015).
• detectneutralgasoutflows,associatedwithAGNfeedbackvia<1-percentopticaldepthsensitivity(achievedwithverygoodspectralbaselineandreal-timeRFImitigation)
• localise position,measuresize& kinematicsofHIabsorbers
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKA(precursor)SciencewiththeDishASKAPwithParkesPAFVLBIcomplement
13 |
• GASKAPsurveywillobserveHIandOHintheMilkyWayoveranareaof13,000sq.degs (Dickeyetal.,2013).
• Zero-spacingdatatoprobelargespatialscalesthatASKAPisinsensitiveto
• ultra-highsensitivityOHsurveyofentireSouthernsky,probingnewphysicalenvironments
• SKA1-mid/Parkesbaselineastrometrytowardsasampleof100OH-masersourceswouldallowtheinternalangularrotationsoftheMagellanic Cloudstobemodelled(propermotionto10micro-arcsecondsyr−1(�2km/s)accuracy
• Astrometryofpulsarsisoftenbeneficialinprovidingdirectmeasurementsoftheirdistancesindependentofsingledishtimingdata.
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKA(precursor)SciencewiththeDishASKAPsingledish&VLBIcomplement
14 |
• 5-yearprogramme,multi-yearinvestmentfortelescopetime
• OfficiallybeganobservingOctober/November2016
• Observingblockseachday,steppingintime(LocalSiderealTime)throughtheweek
• DedicatedbackendmanagedbyUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
• InitialtestsysteminstalledFeb/Mar2016
• SinglebeamsysteminstalledSept&Dec2016
• Multibeam systeminstalledJune2017
• Openaccesstodataplanned
• Targetedobservations,Galacticplanesurvey,transient/FastRadioBurstsimultaneoussearches
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKASciencewiththeDishSearchforExtraTerrestrialIntelligence:BreakthroughListen
15 |
MalSmith
• PULSE@Parkes programme
• Pulsarfocused,secondary-leveleducationprogrammewithreal-timeaccessto,andcontrolof,ParkesTelescope
• ~1500highschoolstudents(plussomehigherlevels)todate,~130schools,sessionsacrossAustralia,plusCanada,China,England,Japan,SouthAfrica&Wales…wouldwelcomeNewZealandinterest!
• ObservingwithParkes,TrainingandIntroduction,ModuleforUniversityScience,OPTIMUS,programme
• Undergraduate/postgraduateextension
• PartofCSIRO’s’ONPRIME’developmentscheme
• UndergraduateleveltrainingpackageincludingParkestelescopetime
• Extending/varyingsciencetoincludeotheraspects
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen
SKAEducationwiththeDishPULSE@Parkes andOPTIMUS
16 |
Summary
• Parkesformallyrecognised asSKAPathfinder
• Widebandfeed(s)imminentlycomingtoParkes
• CryogenicallycooledPhasedArrayFeedproposedforParkes
• SKAorientedscienceunderway&enabledbytechnology
• TrainingavenuesforfutureSKAscientists
• Telescopetimeavailable,proposal&purchase
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen17 |
Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen18 |
CSIROAstronomyandSpaceScienceJimiGreenParkesSeniorSystemScientist,CASSGroupLeader
t +61293724577e [email protected] www.atnf.csiro.au
CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE
Thankyou
Credit:WayneEngland