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8/12/2019 The Painless Path to Proper English Usage, 1986
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一一勺
弓 で昌彦肋肋で
云室、更oc p之工司詞
Q
一 囲
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The Painless Pa th to
PR P R NGLISH US G
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P R O F. P E RR Y S
P O P U L A R P E D A GO G I CA L P I C TO R IA L S
Proudly Presents
T h e Pa in less Pa t h to
P RO PE R E NG U SH USAGE
Ably Arranged Edited and Illustrated
Stan alotte
St M a r ti n s P r es s
New Y o r k
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THE PAINLESS P T TO PROPER ENGLISH USAGE Copyright © 1986by Stan Malotte. All rights
reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or
reproduced in any manner whatsoeverwithout written permissionexcept in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information, address St. Martin s
Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Malotte Stan.
The painless path to proper English usage.
1. English language—Usage—Dictionaries.
2. English language—Usage—Caricatures and cartoons.
I. Title.
PE1460.M278 1987 428.3 87 4469
ISBN 0 312 00714 0
Originally published by R. E. Miles, San Pedro, CA.
Names herein are fictional. Any resemblance to real persons or products is unintentional.
U S R S N O T
Because the word pairs are arranged alphabetically byonlythe first word, a completeindex is
included Further helpalsoappears:AppendixA reprintsan old rhymeon the parts of speechand Appendix Bgivesa sample listingof Americanvs. Britishspellings, a continuing sourceof
confus ion for us all.
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or hirley
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reface
For his book Prof. Perry has chosen 126ofthe most frequently confused
words in our language. Most are included in the usage chapters of
our s tandard high school and college texts. Despite our schools best
efforts however we still seeexamples of mis-usage inthe media and daily
business communications — and, even worse do not see them as they
sneak by in our own writ ing.
To straighten us all out. Prof. Perry first explains the correct usagefor each word and then farther clarifi . . . oops .. .further clarifies the
lesson with examples from his personal collection of rare grammatical
art. These magnificent illustrations, incidentally, have been hanged in
some of excuse me have been hung in some of the principle
I mean principal.. . well it s obviously time we get started.
— S.M.
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The in less th to
PROP R NGLISH US G
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accept/except
Use accept to mean receive. Just think of otherwords that begin with ac
and also have a sense of receiving — like acquire and accumulate. The prefix ac is from the Lat in and means toward, except means no t
included. Its first two letters {ex are the Lat in prefix that means ^rom
as in excerpt extrsci, and other ex words suggesting to take from.
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HERE IT is THE OTOV RSIflL PROPOS L SCENE FliOM
\
ULi
« W «
\F I thef^iTH THE one
I don OIVN
AXOLOTL
rrrir^r ui^YOU
{.pTthIomW .
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f fec t e f fec t
affect {to have an influence on i s a lways a verb, as in Too much
rain will affect plant growth adversely. effect is usually a noun, as in
The right amount of rain has a good effect on plant growth. However,
effect can also be a verb meaning to bring about a result, as in Theright amount of rain will help effect {bring about] proper plant
growth. The principal thing to remember is that ^fect is always a
verb — i ts a s t nds for action.
Except for it s special use in psychology.
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6 THi SmSMMTi^roTTi So YouVc ot OSTTlOSiS
ha zrH iD
O EFFECT
O
oo
I KN W IT
WOOLOA/ r
AFFECT
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aggravate / annoy
aggravate is commonly misused to mean annoy. We can annoy peopleand we can aggravate increase the unpleasantness of) an already
unpleasant effect or situation, but we cannot aggravate people. That
would mean we would inc rease them
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lAOVERTISEMENTi
cAZTmrm3£BS
WMTfSURE YOU CAN ^l\ll\IOY people/ BUr/V0H^ YOl/ CAN AGGRAVATE thatannoyance to a professional level/ even if youVe neverHAD MUSICAL TRAININ6 / / 7 '5 S/MPlE WITH -
BEFORE
J
NORMAL AWNOYANCE AGGRAVATEDANNOYANCE
Here's how V/hih huz-z-mg ^ diving near a. person's face, .Simply pldy^'^TheA'ttacKSucte (pi ovided) on^our HTrfiCKTUBA:•Vro/JIVES EM crazy/''SAYS BtLLTHE B>EE AKRON OHIO
ORDER YOURS TODAy * ATTACK TUBA FOR BEES.'
*N(yr50LO w swres rHfitrprohibit tobpa
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all ready/already
all ready means that everything is prepared, all is ready, already (an
adverb) refers to time, as in Areyou here already? so soon?), We did
that already {previously ), etc.
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0aum^ didij duly daruu ̂ /ia/LduA/ndh^d£iJz£ynM^u ntir dm/ aoid^ c ^Mlp
m M®1IKIM ^ ©JFfMI ill MTOT
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all right/ alright
all right is the correct word, alright is nonstandard version ofa l l
right and is not to be written by users of this book
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FROM
A a s iVl
U and HiS DuTTiplrucK
CMGOf
Uri
\ \v\^N^ ^((/ > ®
z<}\Mt vCv
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all together/altogether
The meanings are altogether different all together means theindividual items are not separated they are together altogether means
totally entirely as in Altogether there were 4deer at the river
all together a t one time.
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rom The Life of Bill the Tbreman
l t e
iCESHir AI^OS o
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moun t numbe r
fewer l e s s
amount r ef er s t o volume or bulk, number r ef er s t o separate items you
can count. For instance, you can t count rain, but you ca n count raindrops although you must hurry . The same logic applies to fewer and less. You
would not, for example, say, We had fewer rain this year. You would
say, We had less rain — and therefore fewer raindrops.
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^ n
.5olv\<^&j: ^ ?oaLENV
WAT
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any body/anybody
any more/anymore
any one/anyoneany t ime/anytime
any way/anj^ay
As two separate words each of these reveals its meaning in the
second part For example the separate more in any more indicates the
subject under discussion is more whereas in the combined anymore
the emphasis is shared equally by both parts thus forming a brand new
word Just analjrze the meaning you want to get across The same logic
applies to compoxmd words like everybody everyday and so on
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r\THE.S£
Nl»>/MI_||||
• j|®/ ROM aJtOte X d?ec6LVt
Inthiseyample thedetectLve has properly called everyone fntothe llbfary but has -macie the comTYion -mistaKe of provCdlTiqlarge ^uaTitLtles of chocolates for the suspects This tends toelicLt Irrelevant comTnents and delay the Inv/estiqation.Normally^only small ^uar^tities of chocolates should be provided.
m
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pt li ble likely
pt from the s me root as aptitude suggests proneness, n tur l tendency
liable me ns subject to, susceptible, likely suggests probability.
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C j} ^ H- t r ul O rcr Hvo r 7 1̂7? ;»f ^rz- i h^?r^j«w3o »» ov»j\i j-lAot /j r .
Wbather Bureau W/ns AwardExcitemenb reigned allover th e w e a t h e r bur eau
this w e ek w he n f or ecas t
e r s the re wo n th e c ov-
eted^ iSood Engi Lsh UsageIn Meteorology Award.
^Vour st a t e m e n t s es
pecially stand out^ saldWillard Kbokyboodle,president oF the American Award Giving Society, a private ^roapt h a t travels a b o u t th ecountry givtno awards.T h e f our s t a tem en t s
have been permaneTitlyengraved on a plac^uet h a t wij/ s e r v e a s a
durable reminder o F th ewords actualljj spoKen.**Sound fadesj explained
v;
AAGS 6EUIM Award Winners
1. IT VERY likely will rainMAYBE.
2. THI5 AREA 15 LIABLE TO RAINAND OTHER FORMS OFWEATHER.
3. IF IT RAINS TOO MUCH,THE5TREETS ARE AP T TO FLOOD.
4 HEAD FOR THE HILLS/
FORECASTERS view award plaQue engraved withBureau^winning weathei^ report statements.
2 7
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ssu r / nsur / insur / r ssur
assure means to help remove doubt to bolster confidence ensure
means to make certain of something Use insure only for commercial
insurance purposes, reassure means to give further encouragement
to restore confidence Note : In British usage assure is used for the
commercial insurance sense.
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TOi io L L m m t i i Q
IASSUREYouTSaSSM D ME IT
[willARRIVE.
n
v u^
oh, IF L SO UNSURE/
^ASSURE HER ^ OSt®
a
BUT HOW DO WE KWOW ?/WH/IT DIDYOU DO TO ENSURE IT« ARRIVAL?
TO ENSURE ITS ARRIVAL.MADAME,^
UNSURED T / ^
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a whi le whi l e
while is a noun and nouns are used with prepositions like for. So,we say,
Let s rest for a while. Putting a and while together makes the adverb
awhile. Adverbs aren t usedwith prepositions; adverbs modify verbs. So,
there s no need for the for. So, we say, Let s rest awhile.
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/j ...I LL...I LL T NK^
Tn^ r WHILE... lUJUST W IT AWH ILF. :
m
O0 ii0W0@Kl
IFORTYYEARS LATER.I
OECIOING TO BUY THE SUIT BILLRETURNS TO THE T RE ONLY TO
FIND IT HAS BEEN DEMOLISHED
AND IN ITS PLACE A TRIBUTE TOTHE AMERICAN CLOTHlNS SALESMAN.
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bad/badly
I feel bad adjective) is the correct way to describe how you feel with,say, an upset stomach. I feel badly adverb) means I have a poor sense
of touch because adverbs tell how something is done. Note: feel is a
non-act ion verb. See a lso good/well .
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oV
LumusftixheesLaiKfDiitch Venneei in—
THE STORY OF AN EX SHORTSTOP WHO
TURNEDTO CRIME AND NOW HAS DYSPEPSIA
hand
CR OOK
S£ coMt>f£ ATUl?e
•1 JFIiEo
THE MOVl£Tft«frTel / siT
Like: it-sHouZ-D8E TOtD/
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eside es ides
Ifyou are beside {next to someone and a third personjoins you there is
now someone besides in addition to the two of you He may also stand
beside the two of you
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®CEMETERY
™
YOU MAY ASK -
W S I AFRAIP ?
X \AjAS
6£: \D£ W Elf
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can/may
can means is able to; may indicates permission Maybe this will help
I can can-can, but my doctor says I may not
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LE DERSHIP SKILLS SKill8:
° DECISIOK M iai
v SM
7
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c p it l c p itol
sec pit l for the city nd capitol for the building
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h pter
A LowPolTitffOTTl TheLife of Bill America s Educational IJoet
rftplTOLTbu'i'^ ^^ ^ 0^
\ S^ 1;
th ^„rftpiTOU
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THAT DO \ 0T WORK, FROM; SELLING FOR FUN AND PROFIT
tl
r
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compare to/compare with
As a rule of thumb, use compare to to compare in general;
use comparewith to compare in detail. Shakespeare, for example, wrote:
Shall I compare thee to a simuner s day?/Thou art more lovely and
more temperate. Had he written Shall I compare thee with a summer s
day, hewould have had to continue: It begins at sunrise, you don t begin
until around 11; its temperatures are in the 80 s whereas you have
cold hands, and so forth. Shakespeare knew how to use words.
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LE53 N :THE ROLE OF FOOD IN EATING
S m OMPftRE MEM/ A M
PLASTIC QUESTION:^111 M KE VOU MORE TTR TIVE
£
WEAL
WEALt«g
l sS^ i9
^ is
W JW>
n \ ^ i i l \ \ \ i\ n in mi
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complement / compliment
Use complement to mean goes with to make something mxrre complete
et the e in complement remind you ofthe word comply A compliment
is something I like to receive
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g ?K)(© §mi>
X U
A
^ScoRE lOpoin-ts if you said Hft s -forgettLns to iip his hat Scope onljj 6pomts If you sald^* don t Know/ fBufc addZ points back on 4/ou could havegatten the right answer if you had ideally thou9ht about Lt.)
45
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con t inu l con t inuous
Use continual for something that continues in an off and on manner like continual barking continuous means non stop. Remember the
difference by describing escaping steam as continuoussssss.
It: u 35 militatij history s saddest moTyieT fc luheti Sgb. Bill was...
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COURT-MARTIALED FOR OBEYING ORDERS
Ordered to keep a CONTINUALmtch - overh/s area sgt billperiodically covered his eyes^thusFOLLOWING ORDERS TOTHE LETTER. HE
WAS,NEVERTHELESS, COURT-MARTIALEDANDTODAY LIVES IN DISGRACE WITH
HIS W IF E AND TWO LOVELY CHILDREN .
CONTINUAL
WATCH
NON-ALERT PHASE(UNACCEPTABLE;
What his superiors had meanttoSAY IjUas:^ keepa CONTINUOUSWATCH -* OVER HIS AREA,THE DIFFERENCEIS SHOWN IN THE TWO PHOTOGRAPHS
BELOW FROM THE NEWLY REVISEDTRAINING ^KW^kL THEADl/ENTUREOF GUARD DUTY
CONTINUOUS
WATCH
(MIL spec;I
J 47
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oun i l / ouns l / onsu l
council noun) is a group ofpeople who meet to discuss and decide things
e.g., the city council), counsel means to give advice or guidance; it also
means the advice given e.g., The counselor counseled me and his
counsel was good ), consul is a person working in the foreign service ofhis country. Ifyou just remember the c in council as relating to the city
council, you ll have a head start.
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[ HOUjTOecorosuL GewefflLFoiJWPTrefoft W icecReflm ]
CITY
COUNCK
F W0U5 FITNESS EXPERT DR ZHOG
HAD ARRIVED LATE TO COUNSELTHE COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY FITNESS.
so THECOUNCIL S CONSUL-COUNSELING WAS CANCELEO
50 THE COUNCILcouldn^t counsel
THE CONSUL ON LOCAL AFFAIRS
LEAVING AMPLE TIME FOR THE CONSULTO ENJOY A SINGLE PIST CHIO
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desert /dessel i :
The verb desert (de*ser t : to abandon) and the noun desert (des ert: arid
land) are both spelled with single s We can remember that the dessert
we eat has ss because, ofcourse, the ss stands for strawberry shortcake.
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^THEOLD DAY5,PI0WEER ANTSWOULD CROSS V ST DESSERT
LIKE THIS IN COVEReD W GONS
ISTORY IS INTEReSTINSj
En 184 when ants learned ofa great DESERT that extendedfop hundreds of mlles^theijrushed west bij the Tntllionsfor what they thought luould be
the TTiost glorious treat of theirlives Before the^ realized theirmistake^ they perished thethousands Once agaln^ history
shows the importance ofgoodspelling Becauseof thisdramatic incident in t ir
history^ ants toda] are nearlyall excellent spellers
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device/devise
device is the noun devise is the verb We devise device u t remember;
the bility to devise something shows you re quitewis and the device
you create is always quite nice
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,
V JUST ONE OF BILL S SCHEMES TO GET RICH NOFAMOUS^ FROM THE MUSlCALs^JUST TWO OF BILL S SCHEMES TO SET RICH AND FAMOUS
llL DEVISE ADEVICE
THAT 15 MflDE OUT OF ICE
AND MELTS WHEN ITi <v°
PUJGGED INTHEWALLV
I
1 \\9. I
THE PUDDLES IT M KES ^ CAN BE SOLD AS SMALL LAKES ,
0RASIN6LE L RGE FL T „
W TERF LL
J^ee FOR.5^
hWn
S^E tM
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is in teres te uninteres te
Use disinterested to mean impartial neutral uninterested means yo u
just don t c ar e t o hear about it probably because it s uninteresting.
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O SERVER RECOGNITION CH RT REPL CES CH RTS Uthra8
ISINTERESTE
O SERVER
ST ND RD
O SERVER
COAJ
UNINTERESTED
O SERVER
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emigrant/immigrant
When you permanently leave your country, you emigrate from that
country (think of e for exit . When you come into your new country to
stay, you immigrate i for into . Just remember that emigrants exit and
you ll have it.
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WEltKNOWN MWfERIES SOLVED/At what precise Tnoment does the change occur
^ P froTT^ EMIGRANT to immigrant? t ^
©MIGRANTS gxiT the placeWHERE THEYVe BEEKl
So ©MTO some new place AS©MM16RANT5 them.
t - n / . . ^ - .t J
TYPICAL IMMI6RANT SHIP OF 1890 WHERE DEEP INSIDE TH HULL ^
/\s You CAN SEE they re ALLTHE SAME BUNCH —
They do it, i th ink, to g e tTWO TURNS l u n c h .
y
/ i < X
emigrantsLUNCH
lliS-IZi9
IMM 6RANTS ^LUN H \IZiP-IJo
f tX/> ^ IcHlCKEty JY \TOWi^ ^
1^39530 a31JViH9lilsj.
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m in n t immin i i t
Use eminent for well known, outstanding. Use imminent for something
that s about to happen immediately Note: immanent is a different word
altogether and should be looked up for extra credit.
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every day everyday
As two separate words every day means each separate day As one wordeveryday means ordinary routine commonpUice We do everyday things
practically every day
fVlfVl
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TeASEH 3 o
y ®DI0K OWNS NI ESUITS FOREVERY OFTHE WEEK HE MUST WEAR TH E
SUIT DESIG NA TED FOR THAT
P/\RTICULAR DAY ON THAT
PARTICULAR DAY/
©DICK LSO OWNS N ORDIN RYEVERYDAY suit HE MUSTWEAR HIS EVERYDAY sui t
EVERY DAY/
©PROBLEM: HOW M DI K DO BOTH? HINT: NO HE CAN/MOT WEAR MORE
THAN ONE SUIT AT ATIME.j
tTf^2
©ANSWER-.•3N a
J ONNVD ±1
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f r ther fu r ther
Use farther when referring to physical distance eserve further for al l
other uses such as further in th e future, We ll discuss i t no further,
and so on. Think of the a in farther as standing for area.
GTi®
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)1
nge r
iL^
EP/SODE 1Zi TheFURTHERiheij investigated -the FARTHER^®©@ S® ®®Sr? 9/ the^had iotcavel tillone day deep -the jungle.
WextWeek: FURTHER DEVELOPMEWTS/
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f l i r f l re
Ifwe can remember how to spell one of them the otherwill take care of
itself Perhaps this will help flare aoo flame are so close in meaning
they differ by only one letter
r ^
^ Qhuu htoMj
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The Onl^ Fbem Deflniteljj Thought b e ill^the Unknown Ifcet
(UoA^/aM/uaMJU mjo flair^flJyjwwOn^urhmuiir ̂ JiiAeA.Jkajv
-aim
5aUi jMW-uM md.Mo./mE
- ^
0^
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f l un t f l ou t
We are show offs when we flaunt {ostentatiously display) and rebels when
we flout {openly defy . Just remember Bill s aunt who flaunts her
independence by flouting the rules.
TXS TOllTg J -.««to8eh ce
A LOUT WHO WILL IS SOMEONE
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FLOUT TH
RULES OF6ENTILITY
C O U N T
fS
W E SHUM W I T H
ALL OURA G I L I T Y
V .
...WHILE M KING pUlTE...
W NT ^Uch
FLAUNTIMA6INED
ABILITY
SURE THAT IT s DONE...
WITH CI V I L I T Y
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fo r e r / fo re e r
forbear means to control oneself to refrain from an impulse forebear
with an e in the middle means a relative from whom we are descendedJust remember the connection with people who came before us.
Note: This logic should also help with forgo vs forego
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Jfn/ L/ t MlL .Jyri Hv7V/mjietc^ M> 97
clI^c/oMiJbu oid j
:tS<ru^ rrurm£ rCt MJUMuSi^^
AND HE
♦ g o l i l o k s should have een kinder
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fo reword fo rw rd
You ll never confuse these two if you just remember th t
the word th t comes be ore is the foreword
tteScenes; AT THE PUBLISHERSehm
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\
NF »NJ
s y
m
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good/well
good is an adjective and therefore tells something about a noun, as in
She is a good singer. well is an adverb and therefore tells something
about a verb— that is, how something is done— as in She sings well.
Note: good can also be usedwith verbs, but onlymth non-action verbs
like looks, tastes, and feels, as in She s ings well and looks good. We
never say, She sings good or The ice cream tastes well.
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hanged hung
Both words are t he pas t tense of hang but hung is for pictures
hanged is fo r people
FI OM l i f
VOLUME
CHAPTER
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^ BILL S FIRST JOB^
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m e
I is the pronoun when I do something, me is usedwhen something is donetome orforme, as in He s done a lotfor you £ n me (not foryou and I ).
I is th e doer me is the receiver
TheHilariousTlftie Bill Couldn't Hflish/
Now,some people say Thejj really shouldjun)p They never uxjuld say,
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CAnd 111 •nevet' Knooj whu):
• Agiftcame todauAnd Lt s for you and l
Up and down with greatglee
And properly sauThat iivyor you and ME
OhlThisgiffc b for I/ ,
They'd say/It's for you touch ^^ou ljdiel
When ̂ ^Ljou isthere^-though,Somethipggoes all awry-They thinK they're politeSaytTi^ • Sor you andI
But it's wron^/oh^'tis utonq/And should be corrected-Alon^ with ^ He don tAnd 5 he's Jaif compiectedj'''
Andother mistakes
Too TiuiD''rous to mention-
Which I'mcioin^-to anyuaySo please pau...oops/...
y\ r \ ^
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imply/infer
imply means to say something indirectly, to be t around the bushinfer means to draw conclusion perhaps from something that has
been implied .
EDU TION TIHROIJGH CRIMEfroTn LAU H AT HI H COLLEGE COSTS
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S OU M Y
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n n t o
Use in if something is already inside Use into if it s in the process of
entering For example He decided he would not jimip into the Isikewhen
he noticed that he was already in the lake.
«t»TAFT£RI
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W
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inc red ib le / i nc redu lous
s e in cr ed ib le t o me n not to be believed nd i nc re dul ou s t o me n
skeptical. Just remember the ending -o-u-s as in o-u-s just pullin my
leg
e
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I
f
N
^
I
>
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ingenious ingenuous
ingenious means clever inventive ingenuous means unsophisticated
innocent unworldly even to the point of being naive. You ll never
forget which is which if you let the first u in ingenuous stand for
unsophisticated.
VISIT TO MADAME SINCERE 5
T Z HH
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xn
ace money make r
ISIMPLY DROP PENNY HERE AND OUT
I OMES SHINY SILVER DOLL R THERE
me Nious
ING NUOUS
lU
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irrespective / regardless
Use irrespective to express neutrality, fairness, equal consideration
regardless suggests a sense of being careless indifferent even reckless
Note: There is no such word as irregardless — and therefore it only
seems to appear on this page. It should be reserved for humorous use.)
BUSMSSB5 YOU CM ST RT AT HOWE (*66)
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FLywGr
^/ ^ Vyove / » ^
REG/1RDL£SS^ TAg cof/sEs>oei/c^
IF YOU HAVE ANAIRPLAME /^ND A REASONABLY LARGE BACKYARD, YOU REALL T TO GET INTO THIS EXCITING WORK/ EVERYTHING YOU NEED ToKNOW IS REVEALED IN OUR BEAUTIFULLY DUPLICATED INSTRUCTION SHEET.
DROP Y ND PICK ONE UP/ FREE 6UITAR LESSON WHILE YOU WAIT/
ML B CmEflC£f/T£/i^ SHOE R^PAIFLAlso WFAvm ay a native »i£TUbooyou/i i/wnortwhile you re here
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i t s i t s
its without the apostrophe is the poss ssiv form of it it s with theapostrophe is the contraction for it is The apostrophe indicates the
missing i in is . (Note: There i s no such form as its . )
l
mROM OUR NIM L FRI WOS
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lie/lay
resen t r e sen t as t a s t
ense Participle ens e Participle
lie to recline lying lay have lain
lay to put layingla id
have laidlie to fib lying l ied have lied
Unfortunately, it would be wise to memorize the above.
Taals a«i § tfei©tf» TaOgs
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CDo^ Stories for an Overcast Afternoon
im i l JVAIL
Jby ^ ntoLne LAY HIM DOWNCAREFULLY.
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me/myself
If I do something to myself I use the word myself— as in I hurt myself.
Ifsomebody else does something to me, I use me — as in They gave the
award to B il l and me not They gave the award to B ill and myself ).
Also myself is never a doer ofanything. Never say, Bill and myselfwon
the award ; simply say, Bil l and I won the award.
>\REYOUINTHIS PICTURE?Fromihe booK ARE YOUINW/Si BOOK? Based onthe opera
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ARE youIN TMbROOM? from the play^ S MBODYfiOMEl
OOl^
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principal /principle
Use principal to mean the chief thing or person the most important Use
principle to refer to rules ofconduct ethics basic laws behind somethingExample: The principal thing to remember is to base your decisions on
high principles
/o\(S't? ^ o -DsspLte a20-second delaw for a stoplight^t j^ Va/V voUmO Bill arrived at the school. And tiowj,..
H£LLO,VHaLO,Bia. I M AL THE PRINCIPAL.sir/j i mthe PRIMCIPAl official in
THE SCHOOL.
AMOMENT LATER
OH,CERTAINLY, LE.. .1M£AN AL? N W ^
UNDERSTAND YOU HAVE; A REPUTATION
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(l5 THATH/HYTHEY call YOUTHE ^ PRINCIPAf^
^Y^THAT STHE PRIWCIPALRE °iSON. A {RC/ISON 15THAT MY NAME l3 ALf'J
YOU MEAN...??) YES. IFMY NAME WERE LE,Ili l COULON T BE PRINCIPAL.
I EXPECT YOU UNDERSTAND THE 7
FO R BEIMG EXTREMELY FAIR.
15 THAT WHYTHEY CALL YOU
the-PRINCIPAL ?
i
woNo Youwe/?£W r
LISTENING. THEI M CALLED
principal IS. ,
OONT MI55 NEXT WEEK^^^ Why /\\Is Called TfMTheConlmuinaAdventuresofEXCITING CONCLUSION-: V the ^PrmcipalV ̂ M Bill^ His Nlicrophane-
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prophecy/prophesy
prophecy is the noun prophesy is the verb One must prophesy
prophecy
uWM OOL EYWITH HIS TOiS
f rom M ZING FEMS
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oo
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r i se r i se
raise means to elevate r ise means to stand up. Therefore can rise from
a chair and can raise myself from a chair and can raise a window—
but cannot rise a window. It is now considered acceptable usage to
raise children instead of rear children but we should a t l ea st make
sure that we really do elevate them.
WHY P Y SKY HIGH aIRLINE F RES WHEN YOU N ...
smfij m§The World s Bread Dough
W I T H
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L
As WHOLE SRAIN PLUS Bread Douqh RISES, it expandsat a phenomenal rate and RAISES your house. Lrvbothe open blue above. Soon uou re onyour wayto a dream vacation while jou foaf ( ) in thecomfort oF ^our own home
£u£t deTvbs^sJiey oWV QjmcO /now^ ByCup Cake Ovb ^THE M o E j : t A e ^ o A A ^ t in l tM J ij u
io-MJm£^<x§moLEemNPUJSij:UbJ^
Scone to Ireldndf Q/ o/ssani io fhe RivietalWaffle to WashingtofnjBC.o^ .
OrJust
popoveirto
the,next
to\/jngFAA LI ENSEREpUIREO
Ca/. maKE upyour own recipes/rAe kj/i (wowf) ifo^e //m£t/
•A ,
*lnclude5 both short- and long-distahce recipes.
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s t s i t
Use set to mean to put something down as in Please set the box on the
kitchen table. Use sit to mean sit down in chair, as in Louella, please
sit here. Exception: Although it seems to sit, the sxin sets — but
we will not argue with the sun.)
§
FRO/ : THE DVmURES Of ILLT £ 6UTC£R,
m R ASACK
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you
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statio n ar y stationery
For something that can t he moved us e stationary. For letter vniting
u s e s ta t io n er y .
ASEMUINE SOUND PHOTOGRAPH FROM:
iu£oll moJLChapter 7: Team teaching
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^le. >e r
r
=^REALIA
INC.®
k a l
///•^
^HOLDiy/SPAGE VERY VERY clOSE TO YOUR EARAND l/STEN /A/TE/VTLY
THEDIALOGUE HA5 ALSO BEEN PRINTED FOR BEQINNINQ LISTENERS.
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t h t wh ich
that introduces a restrictive clause or phrase. For instance the phrase
that sings restricts the kind ofhorse you mean. The phrase that sings
could not be left out of the sentencewithout destroying itsmeaning. However, the non-restrictive phrase which everyone knows is not essential
to the speaker s point that Horses cannot sing and could be omitted.
The Eternal onflict etween
go iRi gg m® TOi m m f
rthPor sm ̂
V ^ oo
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their /ther e/they r e
It s e sy to remember that you ca n get from here to there just by adding
t Yo u can also remember that they re is they plus a re w it h the
apostrophe teiking the place of in are. What s harder to remember is
that their means belongs to them B ut if you remember the other tw o
words a nd t he ir meanings you w on t n ee d to remember t ha t theirmeans belongs to them
lEffi s i s m Lesson 6: Making Certain
THERE
a JIM. THEY RESmiNGOUR BOAT/
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INO,B LL.THAT Syii=F=^THEIR boat
my,SO IT IS/]
S W THROUGH
THESPYGL SS
WHAT BILL k
fWHY DID YOU CHANGE THE NM^ GRIEF WE wniiiW NT TO STE L OUR BO^/f /
poir BOUh CiNG
AROUhiD WILL yA?
NEXTWEfK^LESSON
THE
M GN
RT
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us u t i l iz
use is the bro der word nd is fine in most cases, but utilize h s the
special sense of m king use of a neglected skill or of something not
norm lly used for the piupose s in Luckily, we were ble to utilizethe cook s knowledge of the coastline to find a safe l nding place.
From The Mad Dr s Plot
M MIPL§YDEEP INS OE THE MAD DOCTOR S CAVE
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Wmbfrs 0^^ ose up•«S;\U2E TWECOM SltPLUMBERS nn\ ^ ^
\HiI{lH^A/UivJ8£R5 rHEW0^^30— pv t oi w ^ ^ \ £122^WE^fyP PUKf o
NEXT MONTH The Mad Doctor learns thatTiumbers go all the way to inKnlti Whatwill he do? Blow up the secret computeicenter? Destroy his banjo? ©et a job?
WATCH THIS SPACEBur MEANWHILEDON T neglect
YOUR REGULAR DUTlEa
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w s w e r e
It s easy to confuse if I was and if I were. Here s how to remember
which to use: If the idea to be expressed is a possibility, use if I was
The children asked if I was the king ). Ifthe idea is known to be false,
use were I said if I were the king I d be wearing a much nicer hat ).
I I
I7 P
TO
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j S ^
\\
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w h o s w h o s e
who s means who is. The apostrophe takes the place of the missing i.
whose is the possessive form of who. Although we usually make
possessives by adding s to a word (as in the cat s paw ) certain
exceptions exist— like whose as in The cat, whose paw is in the milk,
is Felix ). (Note: Examples of other possessives with no apostrophes arehers, theirs, and its.)
J@®
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your/you re
Use plain your when something belongs to somebody, as in I like your
book. ( Thank you. you re means you are. The apostrophe takes the
place of the missing a in are and thus makes the contraction you re —a s in You r e welcome.
THE or DR ms i omrom YOU Y NOT H VE OSMOSIS
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u m_a^MW T
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Appendix A
T H E P R T S O F S P E E C H
If you are among those who
have forgotten the Parts of Speech
and their functions the followinganon3nnous verse that helped our
great-grandparents as children
Three little words you often see
Are ARTICLES a an and the.
A n o u n s the name of anything;As school or garden hoop or swing.
ADJECTIVES tell t he k ind of noun;
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is still of help to us: As great small pretty white or brovm.
Instead of nouns the PRONOUNS stand;
Her head his face ou r arms your hand.
VERBS tell of something being done;
To read count sing laugh jump or run.
How things are done the ADVERBS tell;As slowly quickly ill or well.
CONJUNCTIONS join the words together;
As men and women wind or weather.
T h e PREPOSITION s t a n d s before
A noun as in or through a door.
The INTERJECTION shows surprise;
As oh how pretty ah how wise
The whole are called nine parts of speechWhich reading writing speaking teach.
117
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Appendix B
MERIC N VS. RITISH SPELLINGS
A Sample List
Although not technically a usage problem spelling variants adopted from British
spellingpreferencesare another common source ofconfusion for Americans—and
vice versa. While we cannot tackle the whole problem of spelling in this book we
can at leasthelp answeranother aspectof th e question Which wordshould I use?
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Thus the following list as a little something extra. Add to it as you notice others.
MERIC N BRITISH
abridgment abridgement
acknowledgment acknowledgement
amuck amok
analyze analyse
anes the t i c anaesthet ic
a rbor a rbou r
cal iber ca l ibre
canceled cancel led
ca rbure to r carbure t tor
c e n t e r c en t r e
chise led chiselled
color colour
defense defence
enrol l enro l
119
MERI N RITIS
en thra l l en th r a l
equaled equalled
esophagus oesophagus
fxber f ibre
fulf i l l fulf i lfuror furore
g r a y g r ey
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gypsy gipsy
honor honour
humo r humou r
in f lect ion inf lex ion
i ns t a l lment i n s t a lmen t
ins t i l l ins t i l
jeweler jeweller
judgment judgement
kidnaped kidnapped
l abor l abou r
leveling levelling
l icense l i cence
l us t e r lus t re
m n uv r m no uvr
meag e r meag r e
mold mou ld
AMERICAN RITIS
neighbor neighbour
offense offence
paneling panelling
paralyze paralyse
practice practise a s a verb
pretense pretence
r oon r oon
sepulcher sepulchre
shoveled shovel led
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sk i l l fu l sk i l fu l
smo lde r smou lder
sombe r sombre
specter spectre
spelled spelt
t he a t e r theatre also Broadway usagetoward towards
t r ave led travel led
vapo r vapou r
vise vice th e tool
willful wilfu l
worshiped worshipped
International Dictionary 1981 pp. 21a-24a.
12 1
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•
Bibliography
American Heritage Dictionary: Second College Edition Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Company 1982
The comments on usage by th e Usage Panel are extremely helpful
Bernstein Theodore M. The Careful Writer: A Modem Guide to English Usage.New York: Atheneum 1965
Balanced advice nd fun to read
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Fowler H. W. A Dictionary ofModem English Usage. 2nd ed. revised by
Sir Ernest Gowers Oxford: Clarendon Press 1965
he classic
Strunk W. Jr and White E B The Elements of Style 3rd ed.. New York:
Macmillan 1979
Everybody should have this book just on general principles
Webster^s Third New International Dictionary of the English Langua^ey
Unabridged. Springfield Mass.: G. C. Merriam Co. 1981
Has all the words anyone would need
123
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ndex
Italicized words appear only in explanatory matter on lef thand page. Quotation
m rks indicate a nons t nd rd word.
accept a while 31
affect 13 awhile 3
aggravate 5a ll ready 7 bad 33
all r ight 9 badly 33
all together beside 35
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already 7 besides 35
alright 9
altogether can 37
amount 3 capital 39
annoy 15 capitol 39any body 5 censer 41
anybody 5 censor 41
any more 5 censure 41
anymore 25 compare to 43
any one 5 compare with 43
anyone 5 complement 45
any time 5 compliment 45
an3rtime 5 consul 49any way 5 continual 47
anyway 5 continuous 47
apt 27 council 49
assure 29 counsel 49
125
desert, 5 forgo 68
dessert, 5 forward, 7
device, 53 further, 63
devise, 53
disinterested, 55 good 73
effect, 3 hanged, 75emigrant, 57 hung 75
eminent, 59
ensure, 29 I 77
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every day, 6 immanent, 58
everyday, 6 immigrant, 57
except, imminent, 59
imply, 79
farther, 63 in, 81
fewer , 23 incredible , 83
flair, 65 incredulous, 83
flare, 65 infer , 79
flaunt, 67 ingenious, 85
flout, 67 ingenuous, 85
forbear, 69 insure, 29
forebear, 69 into, 81
foregoy 68 irregardless, 86
foreword, 7 irrespective, 87
its 89 set 10 1
it s 89 sit 101
stationary 10 3
stationery 10 3
lay 9
less 3 th at 105
liable 27 their 107lie 9 there 10 7
likely 7 they re 10 7
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m a y 37 uninterested 55
m e 77 93 use 109
myself 93 utilize 109
number 3 was. 11 1well 73
principal 95 were. 111
principle 95 which 105
prophecy 97 who s 113
prophesy 97 whose 11 3
raise 99 your 11 5
reassure 29 you re 115regardless 87
rise 9912 7
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馬
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