The Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Seal

Look at the official seal or emblem of the Ottoman Empire to the right.

1.Pick 3 symbols from the seal.

2.Make an inference: What could each symbol tell you about the Ottoman Empire?

3.Make sure to describe each symbol and its meaning.•Write answers on the back of the video questions.

Empire to Republic One of the longest lasting & largest Muslim EMPIRES in the Middle East

Lasted from 1300 AD to 1920 AD Spanned 3 continents

1.Africa

2.Asia

3.Europe Ends after WWI (1914-1918) Becomes a REPUBLICREPUBLIC

What’s the difference?

• EmpireEmpire– a groupgroup of nations of nations ruled by a

singlesingle supreme leader supreme leader (not elected)

• Republic Republic – a nationnation ruled by officersofficers

electedelected by the people

What is happening What is happening to the Ottoman to the Ottoman

Empire Empire over timeover time??

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Reasons for the DeclineReasons for the Declineof the Ottoman Empireof the Ottoman Empire

1) Ottomans’ technology fell behind Europe’s2) Other empires attacked the Ottomans3) Conflict arose within the Empire4) Fighting caused the Empire to lose land

Map of Lost Ottoman Land

Ottoman Empire & WWIOttoman Empire & WWI1) A shrinking Ottoman Empire enters WWI (1914 -

1918) 2) Sides with Central Powers = Austria-Hungary,

Germany, & Italy3) Tried to regain some of the land they lost earlier.

World World War IWar I

World World War IWar I

Allied PowersAllied PowersAllied PowersAllied Powers Central Central PowersPowersCentral Central PowersPowers

Great Britain

France

Russia

Italy

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire & WWIOttoman Empire & WWI

4) Ottomans & Central Powers lose

We surrender!

Results of WWI & PartitioningResults of WWI & Partitioning1)Ottoman Empire ends, Republic of

Turkey created (1923)

TurkeyTurkey

Results of WWI & PartitioningResults of WWI & Partitioning

2) San-Remo Agreement (1920) – Ottoman’s lose their land; British and French partitioned (divided) the Middle East in to countries

After After WWIWWI, , the the San-RemoSan-Remo agreement lets agreement lets countries from countries from EuropeEurope control control

areas of the areas of the Middle EastMiddle East

Great Britain

FranceMiddle East

Middle East

Results of WWI & PartitioningResults of WWI & Partitioning3) Europeans draw new country borders in the Middle East4) New borders combine different ethnic & religious groups in the same country

The End of the Ottoman Empire, but

its territory is still fought over even today . . .

TURN to PAGE 150 in your textbook and

read “Independence”

1)People in Middle East resented (hated) European rule

2)2)nationalismnationalism - every ethnic group wanted it's own independent nation

3)most nations won independence by 1970

PROBLEMS!!!!PROBLEMS!!!!4)4)"stateless nations" "stateless nations" - some ethnic groups have strong loyalties but no country no country of their own

Ex 1) KurdsEx 1) Kurds want a new country called Kurdistan (pats of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria)Ex 2) Palestinian Arabs Ex 2) Palestinian Arabs want want the land controlled by Jewish the land controlled by Jewish IsraelisIsraelis

KURDKURDSS

Stateless Nations groups with no country

Kurdish Resistance

• 24 Turkish soldiers dead

• PKK – Kurdish Workers’ Party (resistance/terrorist group)

http://www.reuters.com/video/2011/10/19/kurdish-rebels-kill-24-turkish-soldiers?videoId=223684150

http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/world/2011/10/19/mann-turkey-rebel-attack.cnn#/video/world/2011/10/19/mann-turkey-rebel-attack.cnn

Stateless Nations groups with no country

PalestiniansPalestinians

IsraelisIsraelis (Jewish)

PalestiniansPalestinians (Muslim & Arab)

http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/israeli-soldiers-killed-in-gaza/6b27kuj?cpkey=2522ae90-50a0-4ecd-9b09-8a5c8b841abc%7c%7c%7c%7c&src=v5:share:sharepermalink:&from=sharepermalink

http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/israeli-palestinian-violence-surges/64j4l8k?cpkey=2522ae90-50a0-4ecd-9b09-8a5c8b841abc||||

How did the How did the break break up up of the of the Ottoman Ottoman

Empire Empire cause cause conflictconflict in the in the Middle East?Middle East?

Concepts & Vocab• WWI• Ottoman Empire• British & French• Kurds (Kurdistan) & Palestinians• Stateless nations• partitioning• Conflict• Artificial political boundaries• Concluding sentence – diplomacy• Ethnic & religious groups

Vocab & Concepts

• Ottoman Empire

• WWI

• San Remo Agreement

• Partitioning

• Artificial political boundaries

• Stateless nations

• Ethnic & religious groups

• Kurds & Palestinians

Hook & Topic Sentence Examples

• Hook: Most people have never even heard of the Ottoman Empire.

• Topic: Nevertheless, the break up of the Ottoman Empire is still causing conflict in the Middle East to this very day.