THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

Key Question: How did the Cold War

develop?

Pre-test: Identify the following Cold War items

1. What are two meetings where the US, Great Britain and

the Soviet Union made plans for post-

war Europe?

2. Which country is portrayed in this map?

3. What is the main idea of this cartoon?4. What historical event does this cartoon depict?

5. What was the name of the US plan that gave money to

European countries after World War II?

6. What was the Berlin Airlift?

Forming an Uneasy Peace:Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill

Yalta conference (Feb 1945)

Divide Germany into four

occupation zones

Support self government and free elections in Eastern Europe

Germany after WWII

Forming an Uneasy Peace:Truman, Stalin, Attlee

Potsdam Conferenc

e (July

1945)

Divide Berlin into occupation zones

Should E. Europe be communis

t or capitalist?

Truman suspicious of Soviets

not allowing

free elections in E. Europe

Stalin suspicious

of US nuclear

technology

The Cost of War*do not write down

USSR USALives lost

~20 million citizens

~290,000 soldiers

Land Damage

Nazis destroyed many cities & countryside

Pearl Harbor attack

Economic Situation

Need aid to rebuild

Profited from war

Cold War Europe Stalin argued

that he needed a buffer zone to protect the Soviet Union from Germany

“Iron Curtain”- growing barrier between East & West

Truman Doctrine- US policy to help countries resist communism

Cold War Europe

How did the US put the Truman Doctrine into effect?

1947-The Marshall Plan- designed to rebuild the allied countries of Europe

after WWII.

Part of U.S. plan to stop the spread of communism and create free markets.

How would the Soviets react to this?

Molotov Plan

Postwar Germany U.S. wants

economically strong Germany democratic gov’t &

capitalist economy U.S.S.R. wants

weak, powerless Germany Berlin—in east

Germany, but divided among powers

Berlin Airlift: 1948-1949

Stalin blockades Berlin from Allies

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GoIL9gVonQ

Airlift: 10 ½ months 2,326,406 tons of food

and supplies 278,228 total flights to

Berlin Became a symbol of

communist resistance

HOT ROC- Cartoon Analysis

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1949 Military

alliance 28 Member

nations

“The Parties of NATO agreed that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all.”

Warsaw Pact 1955-1991 Military alliance Soviet Union, Central and Eastern Europe

NATO and Warsaw

Foreign Policy during Truman/Eisenhower

• Directions: As a group decide the best course of action for the United States to take in each of the scenarios described. Make sure your notes detail the scenario and the decision since at the end you will be asked to examine the patterns and effects of your decisions as a whole.• Imagine you’re in the State Dept and in charge

of deciding our foreign policy.• Decide what you think is the best course of

action to take based on the policies listed on the sheet.

• Explain the policy that you’ve chosen and why you think it will work.

Foreign Policy during Truman/EisenhowerUse these policies to help make your decisions and be sure to mention them in your scenario decision.

• Truman Doctrine- (1947)• Containment Policy- (1947)• Domino Theory- The belief that U.S. foreign policy should

always assume that if one country “fell” to Communism that the countries near it would fall to Communism- that is, that regions and not just countries need to be protected.(1954)

• Brinkmanship- The United States should be willing to go to the verge of war and use this as a threat to achieve what we want overseas.

• Eisenhower Doctrine- The policy of the U.S. will be to safeguard the independence of any country or group of countries in the Middle East requesting aid against [Communist-inspired] aggression. (1957)

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)- (1949)• Warsaw Pact- (1955)

EUROPE

Scenario One: In 1947, rebel groups in Greece begin a civil war against the current government. Russia provides the rebels with weapons, while Great Britain arms the existing government, a dictatorship. Great Britain, feeling overwhelmed, asks the United States to help out

Pick one of the following five actions to take and write a summary of the scenario and your decision in your notebook; Refuse to get involved Help by sending money to Great Britain

and/or Greece. Help by sending arms to the Greek

dictator Help by sending air and/or ground

troops to fight with the dictator Make your own solution

For each Decision, answer the following: Why did you make this decision? Which of the policies or agreements are

you employing in your decision? How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

Scenario Two: In 1956, Hungarians rebelled against Russia’s control of their country. They are protesting in the streets that they want more freedom. The Soviet Union reacts by sending tanks into Hungary to stop the rebellion. The Hungarians are not nearly as strong as the Russians and their only hope for more freedom is if an outside country gets involved.

Do you: Refuse to get involved Help by sending money to

Hungary Help by sending arms to Hungary Help by sending air and/or ground

troops to fight the Russians Make up your own solution

For each decision answer the following: Why did you make this decision? Which of the policies or

agreements are you employing in your decision?

How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

ASIA

Scenario One: After World War II, Korea was liberated from Japanese control and divided into 2 countries: North and South Korea. North Korea was controlled by Russia, and South Korea was controlled by a right-wing dictatorship. In 1950, North Korea attempted to reunite the country by invading South Korea.

Do you: Refuse to get involved Send money to help South Korea Send air and/or ground troops to

help South Korea fight against North Korea

None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

For each decision, answer the following: Why did you make this decision? Which of the policies or

agreements are you employing in your decision?

How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

Scenario Two: After World War II, A Vietnamese leader named Ho Chi Minh writes to President Truman and asks for the US to help him and his people fight against France for their freedom. Truman does not respond. Later, President Eisenhower sends money to help Frances in its fight against Ho Chi Minh. In 1954 the Vietnamese finally succeed in driving the French out of their country after a stunning victory at Diem Bien Phu. At the peace treaty it is agreed that Vietnam will be divided into the North (communist) and the South (democratic). The North believes that this division is temporary and that they will reunite with the South, but France and the US assume that this division is permanent.

Do you: Leave Vietnam to its own future Leave US soldiers in Vietnam to help the

South get started as a government Help the South build up a military so it can

take over the North. None of these suggestions works, I would

rather do: For each division, answer the following:

Why did you make this decision? Which of the policies or agreements are you

employing in your decision? How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

LATIN AMERICA

Scenario One: In Cuba, a local guerilla righter, Fidel Castro, was fighting to create a government that represented the needs of the working people. The current dictator, Batista, was unpopular with everyone and had connections to organized crime in America. In 1958, Castro succeeds and Batista flees the country. Castro seizes American property in Cuba and begins accepting financial and military aid from the Soviet Union.

Do you: Refuse to get involved Cut off diplomatic ties with the country. Send money and weapons to armed rebels

who will try and overthrow Castro. Use American troops to invade Cuba. None of these suggestions works, I would

rather do: For each decision, answer the following:

Why did you make this decision? Which of the policies or agreements are you

employing in your decision? How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

Scenario Two: American companies have been located in Latin America for over a hundred years. During the 1920s, the US had stopped a revolution by the people in Nicaragua and Honduras that would have thrown out the dictators who helped out American businesses. High rates of poverty are leading to new groups of people in these countries suggesting that they try communism.

Do you: Refuse to get involved in the internal affairs of a

country. Send money and weapons to the people who

oppose the communists. Form an alliance with the existing governments

that says you will all work together to resist takeover

None of these suggestion works, I would rather do:

For each decision, answer the following: Why did you make this decision? Which of the policies or agreements are you

employing in your decision? How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond

to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

MIDDLE EAST

Scenario One: In 1948, Jewish people create the new nation of Israel, a democracy. Neighboring Arab nations and Arabs native to Israel, known as Palestinians immediately oppose the formation of the country and declare war. The U.S. decides to back Israel in this war but then worries that the Arab nations will seek support from the Soviet Union.

Do you: Continue to support Israel whenever it fights the

Arabs Try to also form alliances with the Arabs without

losing the alliance with Israel Pull out of your alliance with Israel in order to

keep the Cold War from spreading to the Middle East.

Try to get a peace agreement between the countries so as to keep the Russians out of Middle East.

None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

For each decision, answer the following: Why did you make this decision? Which of the policies or agreements are you

employing in your decision? How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to

your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

Scenario Two: In 1956, the Egyptian leader, Nasser, seizes control of the Suez Canal, which is located in Egypt but owned by Great Britain. The Suez Canal is of amazing strategic value since it allows ships to go from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean, thereby sailing from Europe to Asia without having to go around Africa. Great Britain and France declare war and fight Egypt. Nasser gets support from the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union threatens “dangerous consequences”(nukes??) if the war continues.

Do you: Continue to stay uninvolved in the war and

let Great Britain, Egypt and the Soviet Union solve it.

Convince Great Britain and France to surrender to Egypt and give up the Suez Canal.

Get involved, risk going to the brink of nuclear war in order to get the Russians to back down.

None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

For each decision, answer the following: Why did you make this decision? Which of the policies or agreements are you

employing in your decision? How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?