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THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE. Hunter-Gatherers to Agrarians. Agriculture from Mexico???. Maize (corn) Beans. Weeds or Healthy Treats?. Sumpweed Goosefoot Sunflower Little Barley Erect knotweed Maygrass. Was it better to be a nomad?. Taller Healthier No Disease Greater Age. HOW???. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE
Hunter-Gatherers to Agrarians
Agriculture from Mexico???
Maize (corn)Beans
Weeds or Healthy Treats?
SumpweedGoosefootSunflowerLittle BarleyErect knotweedMaygrass
Was it better to be a nomad?
TallerHealthierNo DiseaseGreater Age
HOW???
Did Agriculture Spread?
Or Develop Separately in Separate Places?
“Undisputed” origins of Agriculture
DOMESTICATION
Ancient peoples unintentionally provided the origin of modern plants
Natural Selection (the strong shall not survive)
Weak plants had difficulty survivingDesires for taste and size
DOMESTICATION
THE BEGINNINGS OF CLONING
Propagation of Cuttings
Grafting
Weeds or New Healthy Treats?
RyeOatsTurnipsBeetsLeeksLettuce
“Famine Foods”
Or “second-line”resources
Food not usually consumed on “normal” or prosperous periods
“Low-level Food Production”
A mixture of hunting and gathering and small-scale
agriculture
NECESSITIES
Agriculture means that people must remain in the same place to tend crops
This means higher birth rates with less recovery times
Larger population necessitates greater amounts of food
MAIZEArrived from Mexico about 200
ADNot part of the daily diet until
650 – 850 ADUsed for religious and
ceremonial purposesMississippian culture
ALABAMA?!The oldest kernel of corn from the Eastern Woodlands was found near Lake Shelby in Southern Alabama
OLD, or GOLD???Some maize kernels found have been
dated to over 4,000 years ago. In 1999, Archaeologists from
UCBerkeley and the University of NM found a corn kernel in Arizona that dates to 3,690 years old
New radio-carbon dating methods
SOURCES• Gremillion, Kristen J, “Seed Processing and the Origins of
Food production in North America”, American Antiquity, v. 69, n. 2, 2004, pp. 215-233
• http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/lifeways/hg_ag/quiet_revolution.html
• http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC12/Gilman3.htm• http://www.primalseeds.org/agricult/htm• http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/99legacy/2-17
-1999.html
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