The origin of our ancestors

The origin of our ancestorsThe ancestors of manAfricaAustralopithecus afarensis, was the earliest known Homo fossil (important evidence)Was the direct ancestor of modern manDistinguished from apes because they walk uprightThere brains were small and similar to those of the apesTheir teeth were like those of humans

AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS

EVOLUTION OF UPRIGHT WALKING

GORILLA SKULL COMPARED WITH HUMAN SKULL

About 98.5 percent of the genes in people and chimpanzees are identical, making chimps the closest living biological relatives of humans. This does not mean that humans evolved from chimpanzees, but it does indicate that both species evolved from a common ape ancestor. Orangutans, the great apes of Southeast Asia, differ much more from humans genetically, indicating a more distant evolutionary relationship.

Modern and early humansHumans have undergone major anatomical changes over the course of evolution. This illustration depicts Australopithecus afarensis (center), the earliest of the three species; Homo erectus (left), an intermediate species; and Homo sapiens (right), a modern human. H. erectus and modern humans are much taller than A. afarensis and have flatter faces and much larger brains. Modern humans have a larger brain than H. erectus and an almost flat face beneath the front of the braincase.The evolution of manIt is believed that australopithecines evolved from certain families of apes or primitive beings.Discoveries of skulls and other parts of skeleton in Southern Africa proved this. they learned how to walk upright and use primitive toolsThey survived in hunting animals They fought for their survival using their physical strength and intelligence.Ways to trap animals for their food

THE FIRST MAN IN CAGAYAN VALLEYThe oldest evidence of the earliest man in the Philippines was discovered in Cagayan Valley.Cagayan Man of Homo erectus philippinensisRecovered objects made by man (stone tools, shell bracelets, beads of hardened mud)1970s revealed stone tools lying beside the fossils of large animalsThese tools could have been used by the Cagayan Man to hunt and butcher animals

Cagayan Man survived through hunting and plant gathering The unearthed stone tools were large and rough and believed to have been used in slicing and tearing animal meatThey did not discovered how to make and use fire

HOMO ERECTUS

THE FIRST HOMO SAPIENS IN THE PHILIPPINES

TABON MAN

Tabon manDr. Fox called the remains of the man, Tabon Man, because it was found in Tabon CaveHe was considered a Homo sapiens or a modern manThe skull was very small, he was also believed to be small in height

Tabon cave

Tabon cave

Discoveries in other caves in palawanGuri Cave pieces of stone tools, clay caskets, and ornaments made of jade and beadsDuyong Cave (burial in Duyong Cave)Curled up human remains, axes or adze, Shell or pendants,Clay containers andJewelryLINGLING-O

discoveriesManunggul Cave, big burial jarsUsed as coffins Cover of a burial jar bears the sculpture of two men riding a bancaBeliefs of an ancient people that the dead will live on in the other worldThe first people In other parts of the countryUsed more sophisticated tools to remove the skin and cut-up the meat of animals.They found different artifacts like gold jewelry, porcelain, clay, ceramics, metal tools, and boat artifacts.Boat artifacts proved that they have traveled long distances, and that they were already trading with their neighborsWe can only infer the characteristic of their hair and skin color, size and shape of their eyes, nose, and lips

Different racesBIOLOGICAL TRAITS- result of long term interaction with the environment- people who live near the equator and are more exposed to the sun longer have darker skin that those who live in polar regionsCULTURAL TRAITS- are based on language, way of life, and otherr factors- people who live in coastlines possess vocabularies richer in words pertaining to marine life compared to those who live in mountains

Races evolved during Paleolithic eraMONGOLOID- straight haired type, medium in complexion, jaw protrusion, nose-breadth, and round-headedness, small brow ridges, yellowish skin, and bulky built similar to the Chinese

AUSTRALOID- short, large brow ridges, dark skin, and small built like the Aetas of the Philippines / Aboriginal

The fusion of two racesAUSTRANESIAN- inherited the pointy teeth of the Mongoloid- brown skin and medium built- language was different from that of the Mongoloid and the ChineseFILIPINO RACE