The organic compound that is our body’s major source of energy

The monomer of carbohydrates

The organic compound that makes up cellular membranes, steroids, & long-term energy storage.

The monomer of lipids is fatty acids attached to a ______________.

This organic compound catalyzes chemical reactions, facilitates communication between cells, & transports biological molecules in the body

The monomer of proteins

This organic compound makes the genetic code that creates you.

The monomer of nucleic acids

Sucrose is an example of a…

This polysaccharide is what plants store the food they make during photosynthesis as

This polysaccharide makes up the exoskeletons of arthropods & the cell walls of fungi

This polysaccharide is what animals store energy in their liver & muscles as

This type of protein lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction in your body

This is the required amount of energy to start a chemical reaction in your body

Enzymes fit like a _________________ to its substrate.

The molecule(s) on which an enzyme acts (Enzymes build & break apart)

The concept that describes a molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons, creating a ‘charge’.

The tendency of similar or identical particles/surfaces to cling to one another

This demonstrates what property of water?

The tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another

Water’s polarity gives it several unique properties- such as water is the universal ___________.

The substance in the solution that is dissolved is called the ____________.

An reaction in which energy is absorbed (the products have more energy than the reactants).

The substance in the solution that is doing the dissolving is called the ____________.

An reaction in which energy is released (the products have less energy than the reactants).

Cells that do not contain a nucleus or any organelles; Example: bacteria

These structures serve as sites for protein synthesis and are made in the nucleolus of eukaryotes

Cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles

This structure provides the scaffolding of the cell. It spans throughout the entire cytoplasm and is made of microtubules and microfilaments.

Cell membranes are made up of ________________.

Refers to an organism that makes its own food

Phospholipids form membranes by making a unique arrangement referred to as a _____________________.

Refers to an organism that obtains its food by consuming other things (through absorption or ingestion)

The type of transport across a membrane that requires energy in order to perform

When particles become distributed evenly and uniformly

The type of transport across a membrane that moves down the gradient to equilibrium; it does not require energy

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Another way of saying that a cell membrane chooses what substances enter and leave the cell

Active transport; a large amount of substances are taken into the cell

Active transport; a large amount of substances are released from the cell

Active transport; when food/solids are taken into the cell

Active transport; when large amounts of a liquid is taken into the cell

The longest portion of the cell cycle; Made up of three stages –G1, S, & G2 phases

The process by which a cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets

The process in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided to form two daughter cells

The phase in which the DNA of a cell is replicated before mitosis & cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is completed in animal cells through the formation of a ___________________.

Cytokinesis is completed in plant cells through the formation of a ____________.

An example of homeostasis in which an organism regulates its temperature

The state in which an organism regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, relatively constant condition of properties such as temperature or pH

The process in which food such as glucose is converted into useable energy (ATP) for the cell

The process in which the energy from sunlight is used to power the production of glucose

Membrane-bound discs in a chloroplast where the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis occurs

The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria where the electron transport chain is located

This organelle is the “power-house” of the cell; it is responsible for cellular respiration

This organelle is the “food factory” of plant cells through photosynthesis; contains the pigment chlorophyll

The metabolic pathway in which glucose is broken into two pyruvates

The second step of aerobic cellular respiration is ________________________ also known as the Krebs cycle. It occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.

The ____________________________ is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration; Here, oxygen acts as the final electron accepter so ATP can be made.

Aerobic cellular respiration makes ____ ATP.

Fermentation makes ____ ATP.

Anaerobic cellular respiration in which lactic acid is a byproduct; this is what makes you sore after a work-out

Cellular respiration without oxygen is called ________________.

Anaerobic cellular respiration in which alcohol and carbon dioxide is a byproduct; yeast does this in the production of bread

The first step in photosynthesis; consists of Photosystems I & II; requires sunlight and water, makes energy for the Calvin cycle, & gives off oxygen

The second step in photosynthesis; requires energy & carbon dioxide to make glucose; also known as the Calvin cycle

Factors in an ecosystem that are living

The type of symbiosis in which both species benefit; Example: Clownfish & the sea anemone

Factors in an ecosystem that are non-living

The type of symbiosis in which one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed; Example: Moss growing on a tree

Biomes are classified based on these things:

The type of symbiosis in which one species benefits, the other is harmed; Example: Ringworms in a dog

This is the single sequence of who eats whom in a community to obtain nutrition.

This depicts all the interconnected feeding relationships in a community.

This graphical model shows how much energy flows through each trophic level

Each layer in an ecological pyramid is called a __________ level; this word means food

This model shows the relative number of the members of each trophic level

This demonstrates how much biomass (dry mass of the organisms) is present at each trophic level

Relationship between different species or members of the same species in which individuals strive to get food, water, territory, mates, etc.

Interaction when an organism captures and feeds off of another

Examples of density-dependent factors

A factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease

Examples of density-independent factors

Succession that occurs on bare surfaces where no soil exists; after lava flow or glacier movement

The observed changes in the makeup of an ecosystem over time.

Succession following a disturbance that destroy a community without destroying the soil; Example: after tornadoes, floods, or hurricanes

First species to populate an area during primary succession; Usually lichen

Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

Different populations that live together in a defined area (all the living things in a given area)

Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular area together with the abiotic factors

Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities

All parts of Earth in which life exists

The average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region

Condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases