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The OptIPuter Project— Eliminating Bandwidth as a Barrier to Collaboration and Analysis. DARPA Microsystems Technology Office Arlington, VA December 13, 2002. Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Harry E. Gruber Professor, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The OptIPuter Project—Eliminating Bandwidth as a Barrier
to Collaboration and Analysis
DARPA Microsystems Technology Office Arlington, VA
December 13, 2002
Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies
Harry E. Gruber Professor,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
AbstractThe OptIPuter is a radical distributed visualization, teleimmersion, data mining, and computing architecture. The National Science Foundation recently awarded a six-campus research consortium a five-year large Information Technology Research grant to construct working prototypes of the OptIPuter on campus, regional, national, and international scales. The OptIPuter project is driven by applications leadership from two scientific communities, the US National NSF's EarthScope and the National Institutes of Health's Biomedical Imaging Research Network (BIRN), both of which are beginning to produce a flood of large 3D data objects (e.g., 3D brain images or a SAR terrain datasets) which are stored in distributed federated data repositories.
Essentially, the OptIPuter is a "virtual metacomputer" in which the individual "processors" are widely distributed Linux PC clusters; the "backplane" is provided by Internet Protocol (IP) delivered over multiple dedicated 1-10 Gbps optical wavelengths; and, the "mass storage systems" are large distributed scientific data repositories, fed by scientific instruments as OptIPuter peripheral devices, operated in near real-time. Collaboration, visualization, and teleimmersion tools are provided on tiled mono or stereo super-high definition screens directly connected to the OptIPuter to enable distributed analysis and decision making. The OptIPuter project aims at the re-optimization of the entire Grid stack of software abstractions, learning how, as George Gilder suggests, to "waste" bandwidth and storage in order to conserve increasingly "scarce" high-end computing and people time in this new world of inverted values.
The Move to Data-Intensive Science & Engineering-e-Science Community Resources
ATLAS
Sloan Digital Sky Survey
LHC
ALMA
CONTROL
PLANE
Clusters
DynamicallyAllocatedLightpaths
Switch Fabrics
PhysicalMonitoring
Apps Middleware
A LambdaGrid Will Be the Backbone for an e-Science Network
Source: Joe Mambretti, NU
Just Like in Computing --Different FLOPS for Different Folks
DSL GigE LAN
C
A
B
A -> Need Full Internet Routing
B -> Need VPN Services On/And Full Internet Routing
C -> Need Very Fat Pipes, Limited Multiple Virtual Organizations
Source: Cees Delaat
Number of users
Bandwidth consumed
OptIPuter NSF Proposal Partnered with National Experts and Infrastructure
Vancouver
Seattle
Portland
San Francisco
Los Angeles
San Diego(SDSC)
NCSA
SURFnet CERNCA*net4
AsiaPacific
AsiaPacific
AMPATH
PSC
Atlanta
CA*net4
Source: Tom DeFanti and Maxine Brown, UIC
NYC
TeraGrid DTFnet
CENIC
Pacific LightRail
Chicago
UICNU
USC
UCSD, SDSUUCI
The OptIPuter is an Experimental Network Research Project
• Driven by Large Neuroscience and Earth Science Data• Multiple Lambdas Linking Clusters and Storage
– LambdaGrid Software Stack– Integration with PC Clusters– Interactive Collaborative Volume Visualization– Lambda Peer to Peer Storage With Optimized Storewidth– Enhance Security Mechanisms– Rethink TCP/IP Protocols
• NSF Large Information Technology Research Proposal– UCSD and UIC Lead Campuses—Larry Smarr PI– USC, UCI, SDSU, NW Partnering Campuses– Industrial Partners: IBM, Telcordia/SAIC, Chiaro Networks– $13.5 Million Over Five Years
The OptIPuter Frontier Advisory Board
• Optical Component Research– Shaya Fainman, UCSD– Sadik Esener, UCSD– Alan Willner, USC– Frank Shi, UCI– Joe Ford, UCSD
• Optical Networking Systems– Dan Blumenthal, UCSB– George Papen, UCSD– Joe Mambretti, Northwestern University– Steve Wallach, Chiaro Networks, Ltd.– George Clapp, Telcordia/SAIC– Tom West, CENIC
• Data and Storage– Yannis Papakonstantinou, UCSD– Paul Siegel, UCSD
• Clusters, Grid, and Computing– Alan Benner, IBM eServer Group, Systems Architecture and Performance department – Fran Berman, SDSC director– Ian Foster, Argonne National Laboratory
• Generalists– Franz Birkner, FXB Ventures and San Diego Telecom Council– Forest Baskett, Venture Partner with New Enterprise Associates– Mohan Trivedi, UCSD
First Meeting February 6-7, 2003
The First OptIPuter Workshopon Optical Switch Products
• Hosted by Calit2 @ UCSD– October 25, 2002– Organized by Maxine Brown (UIC) and Greg Hidley (UCSD)– Full Day Open Presentations by Vendors and OptIPuter Team
• Examined Variety of Technology Offerings:– OEOEO
– TeraBurst Networks
– OEO– Chiaro Networks
– OOO– Glimmerglass– Calient– IMMI
Coherence
DRAM - 4 GB - HIGHLY INTERLEAVEDMULTI-LAMBDAOptical Network
VLIW/RISC CORE40 GFLOPS
10 GHz
240 GB/s24 Bytes wide
240 GB/s24 Bytes wide
VLIW/RISC CORE 40 GFLOPS 10 GHz
...
2nd LEVEL CACHE8 MB
2nd LEVEL CACHE 8 MB
CROSS BAR
DRAM – 16 GB64/256 MB - HIGHLY INTERLEAVED
640GB/s
OptIPuter Inspiration--Node of a 2009 PetaFLOPS Supercomputer
Updated From Steve Wallach, Supercomputing 2000 Keynote
5 Terabits/s
Global Architecture of a 2009 COTS PetaFLOPS System
I/O
ALL-OPTICAL SWITCH
Multi-DieMulti-Processor
1
23
64
63
49
48
4 516
17
18
32
3347 46
128 Die/Box4 CPU/Die
10 meters= 50 nanosec Delay
...
...
...
...
LAN/WAN
Source: Steve Wallach, Supercomputing 2000 Keynote
Systems Become GRID Enabled
Convergence of Networking Fabrics
• Today's Computer Room– Router For External Communications (WAN)– Ethernet Switch For Internal Networking (LAN)– Fibre Channel For Internal Networked Storage (SAN)
• Tomorrow's Grid Room– A Unified Architecture Of LAN/WAN/SAN Switching– More Cost Effective
– One Network Element vs. Many
– One Sphere of Scalability– ALL Resources are GRID Enabled
– Layer 3 Switching and Addressing Throughout
Source: Steve Wallach, Chiaro Networks
The OptIPuter Philosophy
“A global economy designed to waste transistors, power, and silicon area
-and conserve bandwidth above all- is breaking apart and reorganizing itself
to waste bandwidth and conserve power, silicon area, and transistors."
George Gilder Telecosm (2000)
Bandwidth is getting cheaper faster than storage.Storage is getting cheaper faster than computing.
Exponentials are crossing.
From SuperComputers to SuperNetworks--Changing the Grid Design Point
• The TeraGrid is Optimized for Computing– 1024 IA-64 Nodes Linux Cluster– Assume 1 GigE per Node = 1 Terabit/s I/O– Grid Optical Connection 4x10Gig Lambdas = 40 Gigabit/s– Optical Connections are Only 4% Bisection Bandwidth
• The OptIPuter is Optimized for Bandwidth– 32 IA-64 Node Linux Cluster– Assume 1 GigE per Processor = 32 gigabit/s I/O– Grid Optical Connection 4x10GigE = 40 Gigabit/s– Optical Connections are Over 100% Bisection Bandwidth
Data Intensive Scientific Applications Require Experimental Optical Networks
• Large Data Challenges in Neuro and Earth Sciences– Each Data Object is 3D and Gigabytes– Data are Generated and Stored in Distributed Archives– Research is Carried Out on Federated Repository
• Requirements– Computing Requirements PC Clusters– Communications Dedicated Lambdas Over Fiber– Data Large Peer-to-Peer Lambda Attached Storage – Visualization Collaborative Volume Algorithms
• Response– OptIPuter Research Project
The Biomedical Informatics Research Network a Multi-Scale Brain Imaging Federated Repository
BIRN Test-bedsBIRN Test-beds::Multiscale Mouse Models of Disease, Human Brain Morphometrics, and Multiscale Mouse Models of Disease, Human Brain Morphometrics, and
FIRST BIRN (FIRST BIRN (10 site project for fMRI’s of Schizophrenics)10 site project for fMRI’s of Schizophrenics)
NIH Plans to Expand to Other Organs
and Many Laboratories
Microscopy Imaging of Neural TissueMarketta Bobik Francisco Capani & Eric Bushong
Confocal image of a sagittal section through rat cortex triple labeled for
glial fibrillary acidic protein (blue), neurofilaments (green) and actin (red)
Projection of a series of optical sections through a Purkinje neuron
revealing both the overall morphology (red) and the dendritic spines (green)
http://ncmir.ucsd.edu/gallery.html
Interactive Visual Analysis of Large Datasets --East Pacific Rise Seafloor Topography
http://siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/library/gallery/shoot1/index.shtml
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Visualization Center
Tidal Wave Threat AnalysisUsing Lake Tahoe Bathymetry
http://siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/library/gallery/shoot1/index.shtml
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Visualization Center
Graham Kent, SIO
SIO Uses the Visualization Center to Teach a Wide Variety of Graduate Classes
• Geodesy • Gravity and Geomagnetism • Planetary Physics • Radar and Sonar Interferometry
• Seismology • Tectonics • Time Series Analysis
Multiple Interactive Views of Seismic Epicenter and Topography Databases
http://siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/library/gallery/shoot2/index.shtml
Deborah Kilb & Frank Vernon, SIO
NSF’s EarthScopeRollout Over 14 Years Starting
With Existing Broadband Stations
Metro Optically Linked Visualization Wallswith Industrial Partners Set Stage for Federal Grant
• Driven by SensorNets Data– Real Time Seismic– Environmental Monitoring – Distributed Collaboration– Emergency Response
• Linked UCSD and SDSU– Dedication March 4, 2002
Linking Control Rooms
Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SGI, IBM,
TeraBurst NetworksSD Telecom Council
UCSD SDSU44 Miles of Cox Fiber
Extending the Optical Grid to Oil and Gas Research
• Society for Exploration Geophysicists in Salt Lake City Oct. 6-11, 2002• Optically Linked Visualization Walls
– 80 Miles of Fiber from BP Visualization Lab from Univ. of Colorado – OC-48 Both Ways– Interactive Collaborative Visualization of Seismic Cubes & Reservoir Models– SGI, TeraBurst Industrial Partners
• Organized by SDSU and Cal-(IT)2
Source: Eric Frost, SDSU
½ Mile
The UCSD OptIPuter Deployment
SIO
SDSC
CRCA
Phys. Sci -Keck
SOM
JSOE Preuss
6th College
Phase I, Fall 02
Phase II, 2003
SDSCAnnex
Collocation point
Node M
The OptIPuter Experimental UCSD Campus Optical Network
Earth Sciences
SDSC
Arts
Chemistry
Medicine
Engineering
High School
UndergradCollege
Phase I, Fall 02
Phase II, 2003
SDSCAnnex
To CENIC
Collocation point
Collocation
Chiaro Router (Installed Nov 18, 2002)
Production Router (Planned)
Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC; Greg Hidley, Cal-(IT)2
Roughly, $0.20 / Strand-Foot
UCSD New Cost Sharing Roughly $250k of Dedicated Fiber
• Cluster – Disk
• Disk – Disk
• Viz – Disk
• DB – Cluster
• Cluster – Cluster
OptIPuter LambdaGridEnabled by Chiaro Networking Router
www.calit2.net/news/2002/11-18-chiaro.html
switch switch
switchswitch
Medical Imaging and Microscopy
Chemistry, Engineering, Arts
San Diego Supercomputer Center
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
ChiaroEnstara
Image Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC
We Chose OptIPuter for Fast Switching and Scalability
Lithium Lithium
NiobateNiobate
ElectricalElectrical
FabricsFabricsBubbleBubble
Packet
Switching
Speeds
(ns)
Switching
Speeds
(ms)
Small
Port
Count
Large
Port
Count
ChiaroChiaro
OpticalOptical
PhasedPhased
ArrayArray
MEMSMEMS
ElectricalElectrical
FabricsFabrics
InputOptical Fiber
WG #1 WG #128
• • • • • •
Optical Phased Array –Multiple Parallel Optical Waveguides
OutputOutputFibersFibers
Air G
ap
Air G
ap
GaAs Waveguides
Chiaro Has a Scalable, Fully Fault Tolerant Architecture
• Significant Technical Innovation– OPA Fabric Enables
Large Port Count– Global Arbitration
Provides Guaranteed Performance
– Fault-Tolerant Control System Provides Non-stop Performance
• Smart Line Cards – ASICs With
Programmable Network Processors
– Software Downloads For Features And Standards Evolution
NetworkNetworkProc.Proc.LineLineCardCard
NetworkNetworkProc.Proc.LineLineCardCard
GlobalGlobalArbitrationArbitration
Optical Electrical
ChiaroOPA
Fabric
NetworkNetworkProc.Proc.LineLineCardCard
NetworkNetworkProc.Proc.Line Line CardCard
Planned Chicago Metro Lambda Switching OptIPuter Laboratory
Int’l GE, 10GE
Nat’l GE, 10GE
Metro GE, 10GE
16x1 GE 16x10 GE
16-Processor McKinley at University of Illinois at Chicago
16-Processor Montecito/Chivano
at Northwestern StarLight
10x1 GE
+
1x10GE
Nationals: Illinois, California, Wisconsin, Indiana, Abilene, FedNets. Washington, Pennsylvania…
Internationals: Canada, Holland, CERN, GTRN, AmPATH, Asia…
Source: Tom DeFanti, UIC
OptIPuter Software Research
• Near-term: Build Software To Support Advancement Of Applications With Traditional Models– High Speed IP Protocol Variations (RBUDP, SABUL, …)– Switch Control Software For DWDM Management And Dynamic Setup– Distributed Configuration Management For OptIPuter Systems
• Long-Term Goals To Develop: – System Model Which Supports Grid, Single System, And Multi-System Views– Architectures Which Can:
– Harness High Speed DWDM– Present To The Applications And Protocols
– New Communication Abstractions Which Make Lambda-Based Communication Easily Usable
– New Communication & Data Services Which Exploit The Underlying Communication Abstractions
– Underlying Data Movement & Management Protocols Supporting These Services
– “Killer App” Drivers And Demonstrations Which Leverage This Capability Into The Wireless Internet
Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD
OptIPuter System Opportunities
• What’s The Right View Of The System?• Grid View
– Federation Of Systems – Autonomously Managed, Separate Security, No Implied Trust Relationships, No Transitive Trust
– High Overhead – Administrative And Performance– Web Services And Grid Services View
• Single System View– More Static Federation Of Systems– A Single Trusted Administrative Control, Implied Trust Relationships,
Transitive Trust Relationships– But This Is Not Quite A Closed System Box
– High Performance– Securing A Basic System And Its Capabilities
– Communication, Data, Operating System Coordination Issues
• Multi-System View– Can We Create Single System Views Out Of Grid System Views?– Delivering The Performance; Boundaries On Trust
Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD
OptIPuter Communication Challenges
• Terminating A Terabit Link In An Application System– --> Not A Router
• Parallel Termination With Commodity Components– N 10GigE Links -> N Clustered Machines (Low Cost)– Community-Based Communication
• What Are:– Efficient Protocols to Move Data in Local, Metropolitan, Wide Area?
– High Bandwidth, Low Startup– Dedicated Channels, Shared Endpoints
– Good Parallel Abstractions For Communication?– Coordinate Management And Use Of Endpoints And Channels– Convenient For Application, Storage System
– Secure Models For “Single System View”– Enabled By “Lambda” Private Channels– Exploit Flexible Dispersion Of Data And Computation
Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD
OptIPuter Storage Challenges
• DWDM Enables Uniform Performance View Of Storage– How To Exploit Capability? – Other Challenges Remain: Security, Coherence, Parallelism– “Storage Is a Network Device”
• Grid View: High-Level Storage Federation– GridFTP (Distributed File Sharing)– NAS – File System Protocols– Access-control and Security in Protocol– Performance?
• Single-System View: Low-Level Storage Federation– Secure Single System View– SAN – Block Level Disk and Controller Protocols– High Performance– Security? Access Control?
• Secure Distributed Storage: Threshold Cryptography Based Distribution– PASIS Style – Distributed Shared Secrets– Lambda’s Minimize Performance Penalty
Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD
OptIPuter is Exploring Quanta as a High Performance Middleware
• Quanta is a high performance networking toolkit / API.• Reliable Blast UDP:
– Assumes you are running over an over-provisioned or dedicated network.
– Excellent for photonic networks, don’t try this on commodity Internet.– It is FAST!– It is very predictable.– We give you a prediction equation to predict performance. This is
useful for the application.– It is most suited for transfering very large payloads.– At higher data rates processor is 100% loaded so dual processors
are needed for your application to move data and do useful work at the same time.
Source: Jason Leigh, UIC
TeraVision Over WAN : Greece to Chicago Throughput
TCP Performance Over WAN Is Poor; Windows Performance Is Lower Than Linux; Synchronization Reduces Frame Rate.
Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP)
• At IGrid 2002 all applications which were able to make the most effective use of the 10G link from Chicago to Amsterdam used UDP
• RBUDP[1], SABUL[2] and Tsunami[3] are all similar protocols that use UDP for bulk data transfer- all of which are based on NETBLT- RFC969
• RBUDP has fewer memory copies & a prediction function to let applications know what kind of performance to expect.– [1] J. Leigh, O. Yu, D. Schonfeld, R. Ansari, et al., Adaptive
Networking for Tele-Immersion, Proc. Immersive Projection Technology/Eurographics Virtual Environments Workshop (IPT/EGVE), May 16-18, Stuttgart, Germany, 2001.
– [2] Sivakumar Harinath, Data Management Support for Distributed Data Mining of Large Datasets over High Speed Wide Area Networks, PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2002.
– [3] http://www.indiana.edu/~anml/anmlresearch.html
Source: Jason Leigh, UIC
5x3 Grid of 1280x1024 Pixel LCD Panels Driven by 16-PC Cluster
Resolution=6400x3072 Pixels,
or ~3000x1500 pixels in Autostereo
Visualization at Near Photographic ResolutionThe OptIPanel Version I
Source: Tom DeFanti, EVL--UIC
NTT Super High Definition Video (NTT 4Kx2K=8 Megapixels) Over Internet2
Starlight in Chicago
USC In Los Angeles
SHD= 4xHDTV = 16xDVD
www.ntt.co.jp/news/news02e/0211/021113.html
Applications:Astronomy
MathematicsEntertainment
The Continuum at EVL and TRECCOptIPuter Amplified Work Environment
Passive stereo display AccessGrid Digital white board
Tiled display
Source: Tom DeFanti, Electronic Visualization Lab, UIC
Fast polygon and volume rendering with stereographics
GeoWall
Earth Science
GeoFusion GeoMatrix Toolkit
Underground Earth Science
Rob Mellors and Eric Frost, SDSUSDSC Volume Explorer
Dave Nadeau, SDSC, BIRNSDSC Volume Explorer
NeuroscienceAnatomy
Visible Human ProjectNLM, Brooks AFB,
SDSC Volume Explorer
3D APPLICATIONS:
+
=
OptIPuter Transforms Individual Laboratory Visualization, Computation, & Analysis Facilities
The Preuss School UCSD OptIPuter Facility
Providing a 21st Century Internet Grid Infrastructure
Tightly Coupled Optically-Connected OptIPuter Core
Wireless Sensor Nets, Personal Communicators
Loosely Coupled Peer-to-Peer Computing & Storage
Routers
Routers