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Table of contents The Story of Odysseus Ciconians Cyclops Circe Hades Sirens Scylla and Charybdis Helios’ Cattle Calypso Ithaca
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The Odyssey Overview and Quiz Table of contents The Story of
Odysseus Ciconians Cyclops Circe Hades
Sirens Scylla and Charybdis Helios Cattle Calypso Ithaca Odysseus
The Journey of Odysseus
The story of the Greek hero, Odysseus, describes his adventures
over the course of ten years as he tries to get back to his home
and his family. The story starts after the end of the Iliad, the
eleven year war between the Greeks and the Trojans. Meanwhile, his
wife, Penelope, and his son, Telemachus, have missed him for twenty
two years. Odyssey Odysseus is returning from Greece Egypt Troy, or
Ilium The Ciconians After Odysseus and his men depart from Troy,
they are greeted by friendly and calm waters. The ships near land
and Eurylochus, convincing Odysseus that the gods were on their
side, told him to go ashore and loot the nearby city. The crew had
landed in Ismara. The city was not at all protected and all of the
inhabitants fled without a fight into the nearby mountains.
Odysseus and his men looted the city and robbed it of all its
goods. The Ciconians Odysseus wisely told the men to board the
ships quickly but they refused, ate dinner and fell asleep on the
beach. The next morning, the Ciconians (also known as the Cicones)
returned with their fierce kinsmen from the mountains. Odysseus and
his men fled to the ships as fast as they could but they lost many
men. Odysseus Odyssey The men were forced to flee because
The old women in the village beat them with stale loaves of bread
They had too many to fight on such a tiny beach They did not listen
to their leader The Cyclops A scouting party led by Odysseus lands
in the territory of the Cyclops and discover a large cave. They go
in and feast on food inside. Unknown to them, the cave is the
dwelling of Polyphemus, a one-eyed giant who soon returns.
Polyphemus refuses hospitality to his uninvited guests and traps
them in the cave by blocking the entrance with a boulder that could
not be moved by mortal men. He then proceeds to eat a pair of the
men each day, but Odysseus devises a cunning plan for escape.
Polyphemus The Cyclops To make Polyphemus unwary, Odysseus gives
him a bowl of strong, unadulterated wine. When Polyphemus asks for
his name, Odysseus tells him that it is "Nobody" (Outis). In
appreciation for the wine, Polyphemus offers to return the favor by
eating him last. Once the giant falls asleep, Odysseus and his men
take a giant spear, which they had previously prepared while
Polyphemus was out of the cave shepherding his flocks, and blind
Polyphemus. Hearing Polyphemus' cries, other Cyclops come to his
cave and ask what is wrong, what man has put out his eye?
Polyphemus replied that Nobody has put out his eye by cunning
instead of by direct attack. The Cyclops left, thinking that his
outbursts must be madness or the gods' doing. The Cyclops In the
morning, Polyphemus rolls back the boulder to let the sheep out to
graze. Now blind, Polyphemus cannot see the men, but feels the tops
of his sheep to make sure the men are not riding them. Odysseus and
his men escape, having tied themselves to the undersides of the
sheep. Once Odysseus and his men are out, they load the sheep on
board their ship and set sail. Odyssey Odysseus and the crew escape
by
Feeding the giant monster Lotus leaves to alter his mood Stabbing
Polyphemus in the eye while he drunkenly snoozes Getting the
monster so hammered he thinks Odysseus and Co. are sheep Circe The
next stop was the island of Circe, where Odysseus sent a scouting
party ahead of the rest of the group. She invited the scouting
party to a feast, the food laced with one of her magical potions,
and she then changed all the men into pigs with a wand after they
gorged themselves on it. Only Eurylochus, suspecting treachery from
the outset, escaped to warn Odysseus and the others who had stayed
behind at the ships. Odysseus set out to rescue his men, but was
intercepted and told by Hermes to procure some of the herb moly to
protect him from the same fate. Circe Circe When her magic failed
he was able to force her to return his men to human form by making
her swear the Oath of the Immortals. She later fell in love with
Odysseus and he was treated well in her abode. Later, quite
reluctantly (reluctant since she did not want to part with
Odysseus), she assisted him in his quest to reach his home after he
and his crew spent one year with her on her island. On Circe's
island, Elpenor, the youngest of Odysseus' crew, got drunk and fell
off Circe's roof and died. Circe and Odysseus Odyssey Odysseus was
able to resist the charms of Circe because
He pushed Elpenor off the roof He had a holy mole on his cheek,
which protected him. Hermes gave him a magic herb Hades Odysseus
wanted to speak with Tiresias, so he and his men journeyed to the
River Acheron in Hades, where they performed sacrifices which
allowed them to speak to the dead, including his mother, Elpenor,
Tiresias, and Achilles. They all gave him valuable advice on how to
pass the rest of his journey. Odysseus sacrificed a ram and the
dead spirits were attracted to the blood. Hades Hades He held them
at bay and demanded to speak with Tiresias, who told him how to
pass by Helios' cattle and the whirlpool Charybdis. During the
Trojan War Odysseus met a Trojan boy captured by Achilles who was
later freed to Troy, named Helios. He didn't remember the name
until he heard how to get by Helios, the god. Odyssey In the
Underworld, Odysseus learns
How to make a good lamb stew How Achilles killed Helios How to
ensure that he dies a happy old man Sirens Circe warned Odysseus of
the dangers of these singing creatures who lured men to their
death. She advised him to avoid hearing the song but that if he
really felt he had to hear then he should be tied to the mast. His
men should have their ears stopped with wax and be ordered not to
heed his screams. Sirens Sirens Odysseus was so curious he twisted
Circes words and told the men that Circe had told him that he had
to listen to the song. He obeyed her instructions and listened to
the song while he was tied to the mast. Odyssey The Song of the
Sirens was dangerous because
It lured men to dash their ships and bones against the deadly
cliffs It sounded a lot like a Britney Spears joint It prophesied
Odysseus impending death at the hands of Pericles the Lion Scylla
and Charybdis Odysseus was told by Circe that he would have to sail
pass two great hazards. On one side was a whirlpool, called
Charybdis who would sink the ship. However on the other side of the
strait was a monster called Scylla, daughter of Cratais with six
heads who would seize and eat six men. The advice was to sail close
to Scylla and lose six men. Scylla and Charybdis Scylla and
Charybdis Odysseus initially queried this advice and asked if he
could fight Scylla but was told not to. However, he did not dare
tell his crew of the sacrifice, or they would have cowered below
and not rowed and everyone would have ended up in Charybdis. Six
men died and Odysseus said that their cries were the worst thing he
had ever known. Odyssey Odysseus men braved the monster and the
whirlpool because
They were naturally heroic and brave men Odysseus promised them
each fantastic riches Odysseus never told them about the required
sacrifice of six human lives The Sun Gods Cows Finally, Odysseus
and his surviving crew approached an island, Thrinacia, sacred to
Helios, where he kept sacred cattle. Odysseus had been warned by
Tiresias and Circe not to touch these cattle. Odysseus told his men
that they would not be landing on the island. Eurylochus then
threatened mutiny and Odysseus unwisely gave in. The men were
trapped by adverse winds on the island and began to get hungry. The
Sun Gods Cows Odysseus went inland to pray for help and fell
asleep. In his absence Eurylochus incited the men to kill and eat
the cattle. The guardians of the island, Helios' daughters,
Lampetia and Phaethusa, told their father. The Sun God Helios The
Sun Gods Cows Helios complained to Zeus and said that he would take
the sun down to Hades if justice was not done. Zeus destroyed the
ship with a thunderbolt and all the men save Odysseus perished.
Odysseus was swept past Scylla and Charybdis whom he luckily
escaped and was washed up on Calypso's island. Odyssey Odysseus did
not want to land on the island because
He knew Eurylochus couldnt turn down a good sun burger He was
afraid the men would go cow tipping Tiresias had warned him not to
touch the cattle Calypso and Odysseus Calypsos Island Odysseus was
washed ashore on Ogygia, where the nymph Calypso, daughter of
Atlas. She made him her lover for seven years and would not let him
leave, promising him immortality if he stayed. As a result,
Odysseus was strongly attracted to her by night yet wept by the
shore for his home and family by day. On behalf of Athena, Zeus
intervened and sent Hermes to tell Calypso to let Odysseus go.
Odysseus left on a small raft furnished with provisions of water,
wine and food by Calypso, only to be hit by a storm launched by his
old enemy Poseidon and washed up on the island of Scheria. Realm of
Calypso Calypsos Island He was found by Nausicaa, daughter of King
Alcinous and Queen Arete of the Phaeacians, who entertained him
well and escorted him to Ithaca. While upon Scheria, the bard sings
a song of the Trojan war. As Odysseus was at Troy and longed to
return to his home, he wept at the song. Alcinous, realising this
decided to press Odysseus for his true identity. Odyssey Calypso
was a(n) Egyptian belly dancer
Rich heiress of a hotel fortune Sea nymph Homecoming In Ithaca,
Penelope was fending off suitors. Odysseus, upon landing, disguised
as a beggar by Athena, took the name Eperitus. Odysseus' faithful
dog Argos was the first to recognize him in his rags. He had waited
twenty years to see his master. Aged and decrepit, he did his best
to wag his tail, but Odysseus did not want to be found out, and had
to feign ignorance, leading the dog to die. Odysseus was then
welcomed by his old swineherd, Eumaeus, who did not recognize him
in disguise, but still treated him well. The first person to
recognize him was his old wet nurse, Euryclea. Homecoming Still in
his disguise, Odysseus went to Penelope and told her that whoever
could string Odysseus' bow and shoot an arrow through twelve
axe-handles would be able to marry Penelope. This was to Odysseus'
advantage, as only he could string his own bow. The suitors each
tried to string the bow, but in vain. Odysseus then took the bow,
strung it, and completed the task. Athena then took off his
disguise and, with the help of his son Telemachus, Athena, and
Eumaeus, the swineherd, killed all the offending suitors. Ithaca
Homecoming Penelope ordered her maid to make up Odysseus' bed, and
move it from their bedchamber. Odysseus was astonished because the
bed was built into the trunk of an olive tree and thus cannot be
moved; he tells her this, and since only Odysseus and Penelope knew
this, Penelope accepted that he was her husband. She came running
to him hoping that he would forgive her. He forgives her because he
could understand why she did it. Odyssey Odysseus used ______ to
overcome the suitors. A banana
Courage and cleverness A sword called Excalibur The End Unleash the
Harpies and the Furies on the Dunce! What fools you mortals be!
Perfecto!