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The Oath They Never Took
"Truth indeed came once into the world with her divine Master,
and was a perfect shape most glorious to
look on: but when He ascended, and His apostles after Him were
laid asleep, then straight arose a wicked
race of deceivers, who ... took the virgin Truth, hewed her
lovely form into a thousand pieces, and
scattered them to the four winds."*
John Milton, in his Areopagitica, written over 340 years years
ago, seems to be preparing us for some
disenchantment with the media.
Indeed, today there are complaints from all segments of society
about newsmedia incompetence, about
over-hyping and trivializing the news, of strong and incessant
ideological bias in the reporting of the news
and even outright political propaganda being packaged and
disseminated as the bona fide news of the day
(and week).
This untenable track record has caused one reader to write: "It
seems our news media needs a
Hippocratic Oath more than our doctors do...." ("Post Needs
Oath," by Mr. Gerald Rinell, Washington
Inquirer, 1/18/85.)
Is it too much to ask, that journalists do something to show
they're trying to do an honest job so we can
trust them? After all, don't we pay for it in one way or
another? Just ask the advertisers in your
refrigerator or in your closet or in your garage.
But, while not as "official" as an oath, nevertheless through
the years there have been codes of ethics
drawn up and endorsed by editors and journalists alike. This is
the outline of American Society of
Newspaper Editors (founded in 1922) "Canons of Journalism":
Responsibility (of newspaper and journalist)
Freedom of the Press ("a vital right of mankind")
Independence (fidelity to the public interest)
Sincerity, Truthfulness, Accuracy (good faith with reader)
Impartiality (news reports free from opinion or bias)
Fair Play, Decency (recognition of private rights, prompt
correction of errors)
And in the early 1950's a group of distinguished private
citizens, "The President's Commission on
Freedom of the Press," conducted a thorough study of the press
under grants by Time, Inc. and
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Drawing largely from the
industry's own efforts at self-evaluation, theyarrived at an
excellent philosophical model of what the press should be and what
it should do:
The newsmedia should provide "a truthful, comprehensive and
intelligent account of the day's events in a
context which gives them meaning;"
The newsmedia should serve as a forum for the exchange of
comment and criticism, as "common
carriers" in the realm of public discussion;
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The newsmedia should give a representative picture of the
various groups which make up society;
The newsmedia should present and clarify the goals and values of
society, and
The newsmedia should provide "full access to the day's
intelligence."
The Hon. Sam Ervin eloquently sums up for us the vital
importance of legitimate journalism in hisintroduction to the
(1973) Georgetown Law Journal's Media and the First Amendment in a
Free Society:
"It is no exaggeration to say that the first amendment contains
the most important elements of individual
freedom; the liberties of speech and press are the basis on
which other freedoms stand.
"The framers of the Bill of Rights believed, in the first place,
that a free flow of information and ideas
was the best of all protections against the worst form of
tyranny, that of the mind...
"To say that great freedom is conferred upon the press and
broadcast media is to imply that great
responsibility is likewise conferred. In order to understand
that responsibility, one must return to the two
main purposes of the first amendment--the creation of free
thought and the stimulation of public
discussion.
"The heritage of a free society, then, requires of the publisher
and broadcaster that they disseminate such
information as will enable recipients to arrive at the truth and
as will assist them in making decisions on
issues confronting the country. The information must be
accurate; it must be presented objectively andinterpreted fairly;
and it must, if an expression of editorial opinion, be
answerable."
I sincerely wish the news business would once again recognize
their obligation to their public and
measure their performance by the standards they once
enshrined--the oath they never took.
* John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton, For
the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing, To the
Parlament of England, (London, 1644), pp. 137-8.
-- Don F. Ridgway, "The Oath They Never Took," The Washington
Inquirer, (March 1, 1985), p. 6
http://www.rs.org/journalism.htm
http://www.rs.org/journalism.htmhttp://www.rs.org/journalism.htmhttp://www.rs.org/journalism.htm
