The Northern Sea Route- legal perspectives

oProfessor Erik RøsægoNordisk institutt for sjørett

oerik.rosag@jus.uio.noofolk.uio.no/erikro

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Statoil – Rosneft agreement

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Zones

o Porto Inernal waterso Territorial waterso EEZ---o Continental shelf

www.eoearth.org

Article 21Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage

1. The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law, relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following:

(a) the safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic;(b) the protection of navigational aids and facilities and other facilities or

installations;(c) the protection of cables and pipelines;(d) the conservation of the living resources of the sea;(e) the prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the coastal

State;(f) the preservation of the environment of the coastal State and the prevention,

reduction and control of pollution thereof;(g) marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys;(h) the prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws

and regulations of the coastal State.2. Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or

equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards.

3. The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.4. Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea

shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea.

Article56Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive

economic zone

1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State has:(a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting,

conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds;

(b) jurisdiction as provided for in the relevant provisions of this Convention with regard to:

(i) the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures;

(ii) marine scientific research;(iii) the protection and preservation of the marine environment;(c) other rights and duties provided for in this Convention.2. In exercising its rights and performing its duties under this

Convention in the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State shall have due regard to the rights and duties of other States and shall act in a manner compatible with the provisions of this Convention.

3. The rights set out in this article with respect to the seabed and subsoil shall be exercised in accordance with Part VI.

Artic Portal

Article 234Ice-covered areas

Coastal States have the right to adopt and enforce non-discriminatory laws and regulations for the prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution from vessels in ice-covered areas within the limits of the exclusive economic zone, where particularly severe climatic conditions and the presence of ice covering such areas for most of the year create obstructions or exceptional hazards to navigation, and pollution of the marine environment could cause major harm to or irreversible disturbance of the ecological balance. Such laws and regulations shall have due regard to navigation and the protection and preservation of the marine environment based on the best available scientific evidence.

Artic Portal

www.morflot.ru/index.php?cid=21

Lov om offentlig tilsyn med overvintringstogt til de arktiske egne (06.08.1915 nr. 1)

§ 1.  Togt, som utrustes fra norsk havn for at drive fangst i de arktiske egne, skal være undergit tilsyn efter denne lov, naar hensigten opgives eller skjønnes at være, at nogen av dem, som er med paa togtet, skal overvintre.

Kongen eller den, han bemyndiger,1 kan bestemme, at tilsynet ogsaa skal gjælde togt, som sker under saadanne forhold, at overvintring kan bli nødvendig, selv om overvintring ikke er hensigten.

      1 Sjøfartsdirektoratet iflg. res. 5 april 1963.

§ 2.  Togtet skal være forsvarlig utrustet med det, som trænges, saasom levnetsmidler, beklædning, boligmateriel, brændsel, lægemidler, skytevaaben, ammunition og redskaper, alt beregnet for mindst to aar. Der bør føres med baat- og sledemateriel, telt, kokestel og soveposer til bruk ved længere turer fra fartøi eller station.

I særlige tilfælde, saasom naar togtet gjælder mindre farefulde egne, kan tilsynet lempe paa kravene til utrustningen.1 Tilsynet kan ogsaa tillate, at utrustningen blir beregnet for kortere tid end to aar.

Spirituosa maa ikke føres med undtagen til medicinsk bruk.2 Om anvendelsen av bestemmelserne i denne paragraf kan

Kongen eller den, han bemyndiger,3 gi nærmere forskrifter.     1 Jfr. § 8.       2 Se § 15 tredje ledd.

      3 Sjøfartsdirektoratet iflg. res. 5 april 1963.

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Phase I

o GUIDELINES FOR SHIPS OPERATING IN ARCTIC ICE-COVERED WATERS, 2002o MSC/Circ.1056o MEPC/Circ.399

docs.imo.org

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Phase II

o GUIDELINES FOR SHIPS OPERATING IN POLAR WATERS, 2009o A 26/Res.1024

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Phase IIIo Mandatory code 2016?

o DE 56-WP.4o Correspondence Group web site (NMD)

o Key documentso Canada DE 53/18/2o Norge MEPC 60/21/1o IALA MSC 87/INF.15o STCW DE 54/13o Norge/DNV DE 54/INF.5o IACS DE 55/12/11

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Draft Polar Code

1 Polar Water Operational Manual

2 Structural integrity3 Stability … 4 Watertight …

integrity5 Machinery5 bis Anchoring …6 Habitability …7 Fire

safety/protection

8 Life-saving appliances…

9 Navigation10 Communications11 Alternative design12 Operational

requirements13 Crewing …14 Emergency control15 Environmental

protection

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Consultation issues

oAccidental damage

oHFOoDischargeoLeakageoGarbage, sewage and grey water

oSoot

oIncinerationoAnti-foulingoBallast water discharge

oContainersoUnderwater noise

oSpeed limitations

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Sundry agreements

o Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement

o STCW/CONF.2/DC/4o Bilateral agreements