“The North may have won the war, but the South won the peace.”

- Samuel Eliot Morrison, historian

“Then came this battle called the Civil War, beginning in Kansas in 1854, and ending with the presidential elections of 1876, twenty awful years. The slave went free, stood for a brief moment in the sun, then moved back again toward slavery. The whole weight of America was thrown to color caste."

- W.E.B. DuBois, African-American leader

Black Codes

• Southern politicians against full political and legal rights

• Ensured availability of subservient agricultural labor supply controlled by whites

• Restricted blacks from loitering or vagrancy, using alcohol or firearms, hunting, fishing, and raising livestock

• Did permit marriages, purchase of property, testify in court

• “Conceded – just barely – freedom to blacks”

Racial Etiquette

How black and white people dealt with each other in their day-to-day affairs.

Blacks shall not: shake hands with whites, look whites in the eye, use the front door at a white house, or look at a white woman

A black man in Mississippi observed, “You couldn’t smile at a white woman. If you did you’d be hung from a limb.” It was a serious offense if a black male touched a white woman, even inadvertently.

Blacks were supposed to: stare at the ground when addressing whites, remove their hats in the presence of whites

Jim Crow Laws

• State and local laws enacted between 1876 and 1965

• Mandated de jure segregation in all public facilities– With supposedly "separate but equal" status

The Jim Crow Era

• most cruel wave of "racial" suppression ever in America Between 1890 and 1940, millions of African Americans were disfranchised, killed, and brutalized.

According to newspaper records kept at the Tuskegee Institute, about 5,000 men, women, and children were murdered in documented extrajudicial mob violence —called “lynchings”

journalist Ida Wells estimated that lynchings not reported by media may have amounted to about 20,000 killings.

• fewer than 50 whites were ever indicted for their crimes, and only four sentenced.

• lynchings were used as a weapon of terror to keep millions of African-Americans living in a constant state of anxiety and fear.

• From 1890 to 1908, ten of 11 Southern states adopted new constitutions or amendments that disfranchised most blacks

• Poll taxes, residency requirements and literacy tests dramatically decreased black voter registration and turnout

• the White South positioned itself as a “private club”• instituted “white primaries” • By 1910 one-party white rule was firmly established across the

South.

Birth of a Nation

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEznh2JZvrI&feature=related– 14:10 to 15:20– 1:54:00 to 1:56:30– 1:57:50 to 1:54:15– 2:10:15 to 2:12:25

• The goal of the revived KKK in the 20s was

A) repeal the political rights of African-AmericansB) intimidate labor unions, Catholics, Jews and blacksC) combat communism and anarchismD) promote economic rights of white women

• Which of the following was NOT true concerning the KKK

A) Reached its peak of power in the 20sB) Heavily influenced the politics of several mid-Western statesC) Exercised power only in Southern statesD) Used keagling to recruit new members

Strange Fruithttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4ZyuULy9zs

• Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_X5X0eogmN0&featur

e=related 6 mins

Harlem Renaissance

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LagPOV_QeE8 stop at 5:00

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehprXnIP7X0&feature=related stop at 2:15

Maple Leaf Rag• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57DCa6cboHA&continue_action=o7q

wX0fx7NdIiFym1yu_ey0qgcdDpcprBRWGt0oDUg5d6dHWC8bkqXo1vrMw3eKJ70g1U6l3Kjugr6uMcBW3fezvOa0tf-A1qv8ZUS5P00Y

• A huge hit by Scott Joplin – the “ragtime” song

Jelly Roll Blues

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zt203us6TME

• by Jelly Roll Morton– The first Jazz arrangement ever published

West End Blues

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5Hbh_-IRs8

• by Louis Armstrong – “the most perfect three minutes of music ever recorded”

Jazz (8:55-12)

 Burns’ New York: Cosmopolis (1918-1931), episode 5 Amazon instant 28:05-32:05

St. Louis Blues

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Us30o0ZakKo

• No one has ever sung the Blues better than Bessie Smith – “the Empress of Blues”

Take the A Train

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cb2w2m1JmCY

• Duke Ellington’s signature tune: an example of the swing style

Yardbird Suite

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmroWIcCNUI

• Saxophone solo by Charlie Parker. This bebop tune would change jazz forever.

So What

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEC8nqT6Rrk

• From “Kind of Blue” by Miles Davis – the best selling jazz album of all time

• The Springfield Race Riot of 1908

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=As8WbSGKpcM stop at 2:00

The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQ-vFlEZU6s&feature=related 0:00 – 1:18; 3:30 – 4:15

Marcus Garveyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAI_xHY6yWo stop at 3:02

• Nation of Islam• Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

– A. Philip Randolph