1968 ELECTION Nixon barely beat Humphrey and Wallace Vowed to
represent Middle America and the Silent Majority
Slide 3
NEW FEDERALISM Believed US had tired of LBJs Great Society $$$
Believed govt COULD fix social problems if it gave more power to
the states to use locally Revenue sharing
Slide 4
A FRUSTRATED PERSPECTIVE 1969 Nixon assumed the lead of a
nation divided and embittered by Vietnam US was unwilling to
further directly challenge Soviet strength globally
Slide 5
EXPANDING GOVT POWER Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) Regulated the workplace Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) created Clean Air Act designed to control
air pollution on a national level Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
created Domestic enforcement of the controlled substances act
Medicare grew
Slide 6
LEFTOVER STAGFLATION FROM LBJ Costs of Vietnam and Great
Society came due for Nixon Inflation and recession coupled to
create Stagflation Foreign competition further hurts economy (Japan
and Germany)
Slide 7
PHILADELPHIA PLAN Nixon is pragmaticlearns to work for everyone
Required labor unions and Federal Contractors to hire minorities
First form of affirmative action Wants to ensure equal
opportunity
Slide 8
FLAWED NIXON RESPONSE 15 Aug 1971 Nixon places a 90 freeze on
wages and prices Price controls cause economic tailspin through
mid-1970s as supply and demand rules ignored
Slide 9
GOVT INTERFERENCE IN THE MARKETPLACE Normal Economics - High
prices signal business to produce more out of self interest After
the Controls - Price and Wage controls make it not worth the time
to produce and ship more Causes shortages for the consumer (more
gas lines)
Slide 10
REDEFINING THE COLD WAR Foreign Policy of Nixon
Slide 11
TIME FOR A NEW FOREIGN POLICY Nixon and Henry Kissinger forge a
model of REALPOLITIK Policy determined by concrete interests, not
by ideology Makes for messy bedfellows (the enemy of my enemy)
Slide 12
GAINING TRACTION Realpolitik allows for trade with communists
and trade wars with allies Policy looked at individual communist
nations rather than a global unified threat Created flexibility in
US foreign policy
Slide 13
BREAKING DOWN COMMUNISM Nixons effective splitting of the
Chinese Soviet Alliance
Slide 14
FIGURING OUT THE PLAYERS - CHINA Mao not such a good guy
Collectivization (1955) 100 Flowers Campaign Great Leap Forward
(1958) Cultural Revolution (1966) 60-80 million dead Maos
perceptions Resented USSR who looked at him in a secondary standing
Feared US after Korean War Truman Doctrine Trying to expand
influence (Tibet, Korea, Vietnam) Border disputes with USSR over
Mongolia
Slide 15
ACTUAL PING-PONG DIPLOMACY April 1971 US team invited to play
in China after Japan tournament 1 st US citizens in China since
1949 July 1971 Nixon sends Henry Kissinger on one day visit to
Pakistan (secret meeting with Prime Minister Zhou Enlai of China)
Negotiated a visit by Nixon to China to RECOGNIZE China!
Slide 16
BACK ON THE HOMEFRONT Nixons Policies at Home
Slide 17
NIXONS IMPACT ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Southern Strategy Target
white southerners and blue-collar workers traditional Democrats
Plan to control national politics for years to come for the
Republican party
Slide 18
SOUTHERN STRATEGY BUILDS South historically democrats After
moratorium, Nixon appeals to Dixiecrats on foreign policy strength
More moderate civil rights views Smaller federal govt with more
states rights
Slide 19
THE BUSING ISSUE 1971 Supreme Court mandates busing to
integrate schools Nixon speaks out, issues moratorium Very popular
over all US
Slide 20
CHINA HELPS TO THAW THE COLD WAR Back to Foreign Policy
Slide 21
NIXON RECOGNIZES CHINA Feb 1972 Nixon visits China Offers
recognition and trade relations Radical realpolitik move that
shocks the USSR Terrified of potential Chinese US alliance and
rising Chinese power
Slide 22
A THAWING OF THE COLD WAR Chinese visit pays off Already tense
with China over Mongolia, the Soviets fear isolation if US and
China ally 1972 Brezhnev invites Nixon to Moscow
Slide 23
DTENTE Nixon policies create coordination instead of suspicion
Short Run helps end Vietnam War (USSR pressed on N. Vietnam to
negotiate a treaty) Long Run beginning of the end of the Cold
War
Slide 24
BENEFICIAL OUTCOMES OF THE SUMMIT Plans to coordinate on the
environment and medical care Plans for joint space missions (Apollo
Soyuz link in space) SALT froze missile deployment and ABM
deployment
Slide 25
S.A.L.T. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (S.A.L.T.) reduce the
number of missiles for the US and USSR By mid-1970s each side had
25,000 warheads Today the US has 10,000 and Russia has 15,000 Known
Nuclear Countries Today: US, Russia, England, France, China, India,
Pakistan, N. Korea (kind of), and Israel
Slide 26
AFFECTS OF THE COLD WAR THAW AT HOME The Peoples Response to
Nixons Strategies
Slide 27
NIXON WINS AGAIN Nixons 1972 Election Peace in Vietnam Men on
the moon Represents the common man Strong on crime Middle way on
civil rights Popular over China and USSR Environment Landslide
victory
Slide 28
SOCIAL UPHEAVAL Vietnam Protests, AIM, La Raza Roe vs. Wade
1973 Burger Court rules for abortions Highly controversial
today!
Slide 29
THE YOM KIPPUR WAR OF 1973 Arab states (Soviet allies) and
Israel (US ally) go to war US and USSR push both sides to negotiate
cease-fire Nixon used Kissinger and Shuttle Diplomacy 1 st mutual
effort to coordinate, not control
Slide 30
MAKING THINGS WORSE 1973 Yom Kippur War causes Arabs to ban
together to create Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) Embargo oil sales to Israels allies Oil jumps up
400%
Slide 31
EMBARGO EFFECTS Gas went from 38 to 55 in one year Rationing
system Could only fill up based on the last number of the license
plate Oil embargo lasted about a year We went to Canada (largest
dealer today)
