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1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
The Nexius Small Cell Playbook
introductionThe wild success of mobile data services has left wireless operators
scrambling to meet the coverage and capacity challenges created by
insatiable consumer appetites. Mobile data traffic has been doubling
every year for the past three years, according to Joe Madden, principal
analyst at Mobile Experts. And that growth is expected to continue for the
next four to five years.
While the FCC works to make more spectrum available in the future,
wireless operators need to meet surging data demands today. In
turn, many operators are seeking to maximize their existing networks’
capabilities by turning to alternative technologies such as:
Small cells – Informa Telecoms & Media reports a dramatic uptake in small cell deployments, which are predicted to
increase from 3.2 million in 2012 to 62.4 million by 2016 and constituting 88% of all base stations globally. Femtocells will
dominate the deployments, growing from 2.5 million in 2012 to 59 million in 2016. Enterprise and public area picocells
will increase from 140K in 2012 to 540K in 2016. Public access small cells -- microcells and metrocells typically installed
outdoors – will grow from 595K in 2012 to 2.9 million in 2016.
distributed antenna systems (dAS) – Active DAS equipment revenues are estimated to cross $1 billion by 2013,
according to ABI Research. Overall, the global market for in-building wireless equipment is estimated to reach $2 billion
by 2013, with active DAS contributing 50% of the total revenues. The other half includes passive DAS, repeaters, cabling,
and antennas. ABI Research goes on to note the active DAS equipment market has an overall CAGR of 15% – 20% in North
America – while the CAGR for passive DAS equipment revenue is predicted to hit 6% in North America.
Wi-Fi offload – Wireless researcher iGR estimates the amount of traffic moved from cellular networks to Wi-Fi in the
United States doubled between last year and this year. By 2016, iGR predicts data traffic from U.S. Wi-Fi offload will see a
16-fold increase over 2011, with the amount of cellular traffic offloaded to Wi-Fi reaching 8 million gigabytes per month.
Clearly, the wireless operators aren’t waiting for the government to solve their network challenges. Yes, the release of additional
spectrum will be a welcome event – when it happens – but operators can increase their capacity and coverage with the proven and
promising technologies that are available today.
To assist wireless operators in making their technology decisions, the Nexius Small Cell Playbook offers an overview of small cells,
DAS and Wi-Fi offload, including benefits and drawbacks and when to use each. We’ve also identified the technology’s target
customer as well as its latest market trends.
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
SmAll cellS Small cell technologies come in a variety of flavors, distinguished by signal range. Typically, the range of a femtocell is 10 meters, the
range of a picocell is 200 meters or less and the range of a microcell is less than two kilometers. By way of comparison, macrocells
– the original, high-power cellular base stations -- typically cover 32 kilometers.
SmAll cellS: FemtocellSFemtocells are small, low-power cellular base stations used indoors at residences and small enterprises to extend mobile coverage
by up to 10 meters. Femtocells attach to the wireless operator’s network via broadband connection, letting operators bring coverage
to mobile device users working indoors or at the edge of the cell. Femtocells work with existing handsets but require installation of
a new access point that uses licensed spectrum.
target customer – Femtocells are geared for individual consumers as well as SMBs and small enterprises. Customers
buy and install femtocells directly for indoor, private home or office use. Installation is plug and play, and no specific technical
skills are required. Some operators, however, offer home installation services to their premium customers. Femtocell growth
is poised to explode as technologies advance and consumer awareness increases.
use case criteria – Typically, femtocells support four to eight users in a household and up to 32 users in an enterprise.
Femtocells also feature automatic configuration capabilities that allow for installation by non-technical end users. To support
mobile device users on the go, enterprise femtocells provide soft hand-off between each device within a building or campus
as well as full hand-off capabilities with the macro network. Similarly, consumer femtocells provide hand-out capabilities to
the macro network, but not hand-in or soft hand-off between femtocells.
Benefits – Wireless operators and consumers alike benefit from femtocells. Consumers enjoy an easy-to-adopt solution
that delivers improved, “5 bar” coverage as well as improved wireless data rates in locations that would otherwise have little
or no coverage from the operator’s cellular network. Meanwhile, operators reduce their network transport cost as per minute
and per megabyte costs of femtocell traffic is less than traffic sent over the cellular network. Similarly, operators can improve
service by reducing congestion in areas with extreme network capacity requirements. Operators may also use femtocells to
identify data traffic and offer new, related services.
drawbacks – Femtocells pose a number of significant issues. The first key issue is interference as femtocells use spectrum
already allotted for cellular communications, resulting in performance degradation as users of femtocells compete with users
of the main cellular network users for the same spectrum. Privacy issues also arise as user data travels over the Internet,
requiring operators to secure the IP communications and prevent any monitoring of data. And concerns over potential RF
radiation concerns linger for some users, although femtocell power emissions are on par with the typical Wi-Fi access point
and are generally regarded as safe.
market trends – According to Informa Telecoms & Media, femtocells are poised to dominate small cell deployments,
growing from a base 2.5 million in 2012 to 59 million in 2016 – a 24x increase. Supporting the Informa Telecoms & Media
prediction, Sprint added 350,000 femtocells
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
to its network in July 2012, bringing the number of femtocells operating on its network to 950,000 – up from 600,000 just two months
earlier and up from 250,000 in March 2011. Elsewhere, the Small Cell Forum recently recognized Vodafone and Sagemcom for
ground-breaking work in residential femtocell access points and recognized SK Telecom, Contela and Mindspeed for innovation in
commercial femtocell deployment.
SmAll cellS: PicocellS Picocells are small cellular bases stations that expand mobile coverage by up to 200 meters in offices, sporting venues and other
buildings as well as on planes and trains. Picocells attach to the wireless operator’s network via dedicated equipment – base
station controllers, mobile switching centers, gateway GPRS support nodes. They extend coverage to indoor areas poorly served
by outdoor signals, and they add capacity in areas of very dense phone usage.
target customer – Picocells are primarily used by large wireless operators to meet coverage and capacity demands in
enterprises and businesses both in-building and, more recently, in outdoor in public spaces – areas difficult or expensive
to reach using a more traditional macrocell or microcell approach. Unlike the end-user focused femtocell, one picocell can
support multiple customers and equipment is usually installed and maintained by the network operator, who pays for site
rental, power and fixed network connections back to the switching center.
use case criteria – Picocells support between 32 to 64 users on average. To support different deployment circumstances
and methods, picocells may support automatic self-configuration, manual configuration or both. Picocells have full soft and
hard hand-off capabilities to meet the same standards of the macro network. Typical use cases include improving in-building
coverage, filling in network black spots, extending macrocell capacity, and providing service to isolated areas.
Benefits – For operators, picocells provide quick, cost-effective means of providing in-building coverage. Unlike femtocells,
picocells are owned and operated by the wireless operator, predictable deployment that can be coordinated with the
macrocell network to maximize capacity improvement. And unlike a repeater-based in-building solution, picocells 1) do not
need a roof-top antenna, 2) add capacity to the network and 3) avoid cell distortion and interference issues. Mobile users, of
course, enjoy better wireless service.
disadvantages – As with any small cell technology, picocells introduce new technologies – including IP and IP backhaul
– for the operator to support. In some cases, an IP network may not be available for backhaul, requiring the use of satellite
communications.
market trends – Sprint will begin launching picocells Q4 2012 in public sites including sports stadiums and hospitals. In
2013 and 2014, the operators will begin launching picocells outdoors. ABI Research predicts the outdoor picocell market will
reach $8 billion in global revenues by 2016, driven by new lower cost and easier-to-deploy solutions from Alcatel-Lucent,
Huawei, Bel-Air, Airspan, NEC, NSN, Ericsson, and ZTE. Meanwhile, In-Stat estimates the metro picocell market worth $6.9
billion by 2015.
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
SmAll cellS: microcellS & metrocellS Microcells are low-power, cellular base stations that extend mobile coverage by up to two kilometers. They are often used to add
capacity and improve coverage in limited, outdoors areas such as residential neighborhoods, malls, hotels, transportation hubs
and other locations marked by dense phone usage. Microcells may also be deployed temporarily to provide extra capacity at
specific locations, e.g., sports games, conventions and other planned events. Note: When deployed in urban locations, microcells are
frequently referred to as metrocells.
target customer – Microcells are typically deployed by wireless operators as outdoor, small base stations to establish or
enhance coverage around a small radius of buildings at street level. Microcells expand coverage and capacity in areas too
difficult or expensive to reach via macrocell. Like picocells, microcells are installed and maintained by the network operator.
use case criteria – Microcells generally support between 32 to 64 users in a neighborhood or campus environment –
or in an urban location in the case of a metrocell. Microcells provide automatic self-configuration, manual configuration, or
both depending on the operator’s deployment strategy. They have full soft and hard hand-off capabilities to meet the same
standards of the macro network. Microcell use cases include high user density areas that would benefit from offloading
capacity from the macrocell as well as indoor and outdoor areas requiring an extension of macro coverage.
Benefits – Overall, microcell are simple to deploy and deliver higher data rates to users. Microcells support co-channel
deployments and have limited interference impact on macro users. For operators seeking to improve data service to isolated
users, microcells deliver higher capacity gains per square kilometer compared to traditional cell splitting. More, microcells
offer greater flexibility in site acquisition and improved economics.
drawbacks – Microcell installation costs can approach those of macrocells. In addition, microcells have limited expansion
capabilities, at most serving up to a few hundred users at a time.
market trends – Microcells and picocells may soon outnumber base stations, at least in LTE networks, according to ABI
Research. The research firm predicts that by 2014, the number of LTE small cells sold will be greater than the number of
LTE macrocells as base station architectures transition from traditional macrocells to small cell base stations in response to
steadily growing mobile data traffic and the cost advantages – both operating and capital expenses – of small cell equipment.
Equipment vendors moving to take advantage of this shift include Ericsson, which acquired BelAir Networks; Nokia Siemens
Networks (Flexi Zone); Alcatel-Lucent (lightRadio) and Huawei (AtomCell).
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
diStriButed AntennA SyStem (dAS)Distributed-antenna system (DAS) is a network of spatially separated
antenna nodes connected to a common source via a transport medium that
provides wireless service within a geographic area or, most commonly,
within a structure. DAS can be classified as passive, active or hybrid.
Passive DAS use passive RF components, typically using coaxial cables
and radiating cables to distribute a wide range of RF signals to an array of
antennas distributed in a building. Passive DAS are less expensive and very
reliable. These systems work well for multi-operator multi-service systems
for smaller installations. Larger installations can be handled by hybrid DAS,
which is essentially a series of DAS connected together by fiber.
Active DAS systems involve a main unit that converts RF signals into an optical signal and distributes it to an array of remote unites
within the building. Active DAS is limited by the bandwidth of the cabling used to distribute the signal around the building and
availability of remote unit placement options. Typical in-building fiber installations are limited in bandwidth and present some
challenges.
target customer – DAS is a proven, mature technology most often used by operators to improve in-building coverage,
often to meet public safety standards. DAS also appeals to facilities owners seeking to increase the value of their properties
by improving network coverage of one or more wireless operators. In this scenario, operators are invited by a building owner
to feed the building’s indoor DAS or repeater system.
use case criteria – DAS may be used to address coverage gaps in buildings, utilities, high-rises, subway systems and
other facilities to improve the efficiency of wireless communications. Key technical considerations in DAS include:
•Sizeofthebuildingtocover
•Existingcablingandinfrastructureinthebuilding
•Transmissionofpublicsafetyairwaves
•SupportforE911services
•Bandtransmission–transmitallbandsoronlyasubset
•Transmissionrestrictions–transmitallbandseverywhereorrestrictcertainbandstocertainfloors
•Multi-use–usethesystemforcellularonlyorforcellularandWi-Fiboth
Deployments may be driven by operators to generate revenue or relieve congestion or driven by facilities owners to increase
property values. Tower operators and other third parties are also initiating deployments, installing indoor DAS in a building
and then approaching operators with offers to lease bandwidth on the system or lease space for a base station inside the
building. This neutral host arrangement is already common for stadiums and other large sports venues as well as large
airports.
Benefits – DAS is independent of channel, protocol and base station vendor, making it relatively future-proof. Operators can
adopt next-generation technologies or re-farm spectrum without redesigning their macrocell infrastructure. DAS supports
multiple protocols and can deliver
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
multiple frequency bands in a single system over a given area, simplifying backhaul and lowering maintenance costs. In
terms of ROI, the In-Building Wireless Alliance estimates that returns on DAS investments can reach $4 per square foot or
20x the original investment.
drawbacks – While it can expand coverage, DAS does not typically provide any additional cellular capacity for the wireless
operator. DAS lacks the backhaul facility of small cell and Wi-Fi offload options, so it can ’t deliver dedicated call processing
capabilities. The exception to this drawback is when a DAS solution connects to fiber backhaul, delivering both coverage
and capacity to a wireless operator.
market trends – ABI Research predicts the overall market for in-building wireless, including service revenues, to hit $3.6
billion by end 2013. Active DAS is the faster growing variety – in large public and commercial buildings, in particular – but
passive DAS will continue to see demand, especially where there is a premium on affordability.
Key vendors in the DAS arena include Alvarion, Commscope, Corning MobileAccess, TE Connectivity and Zinwave. Meanwhile, AT&T
deserves recognition for building the world’s first “DAS on wheels,” a fully self-contained portable DAS that includes an RF source
and is moved from location to location in a 22-foot container truck. Debuting at the 2012 Democratic National Convention, the system
can be deployed in days to establish a robust network in infrequent but high density scenarios including conventions, trade shows,
sporting events as well as public safety and first responder scenarios.
A key trend is the rise of shared capacity/shared infrastructure DAS deployments, a move previously seen in the emergence of
tower companies and shared infrastructure for the macro network. In the in-building space, the drivers are not extremely different.
Office and business space is a competitive market place, and the quality of indoor wireless service can factor into leasing decisions.
Developers and managers of large public venues have a vested interest in the quality of service within their buildings. In addition,
public safety wireless systems must deliver the service that is required in the event of an emergency. Very often, these objectives
can be achieved when a neutral operator installs a DAS system into which all wireless operators can connect.
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
Wi-Fi oFFloAdWi-Fi offload moves smartphone mobile data traffic off of cellular networks and onto Wi-Fi networks. The internetworking models
for linking the two network types include tight, loose and no coupling. With tight coupling, cellular network signals are rerouted
through Wi-Fi access networks, effectively turning Wi-Fi into a radio access network. Loose coupling transfers IP data between
a mobile device and operator’s core network via Wi-Fi access. A mobile device opens a VPN/IPsec tunnel to the operator’s core
network, providing the user either an access to the operator’s walled-garden services or to a gateway to the public Internet. In the
no-coupling model, data is offloaded to Wi-Fi networks via direct connection to the public Internet. The offload is performed by
switching the IP traffic to use the mobile client’s Wi-Fi connection instead of its cellular data connection.
target customer – Wi-Fi offload is being targeted for indoor and outdoor applications at enterprises, consumers and
operators alike. Equipment vendors are now delivering carrier-grade, end-to-end Wi-Fi infrastructure designed scale in
response to exponential traffic growth from millions of mobile data users.
use case criteria – Wi-Fi offload helps wireless operators deliver high quality, reliable wireless data to customers as well
as relieve congestion on their 3G/4G mobile data networks. Signal range is gating factor, however, as users have to be within
about 300 feet of a Wi-Fi hotspot, or within a metro Wi-Fi hotzone.
Benefits – Wi-Fi offload is highly cost-effective as 1) the Wi-Fi network is optimized to support the Internet traffic that
dominates mobile data use and 2) Wi-Fi access points have reach commodity price points far below small cell alternatives.
In turn, the proliferation of Wi-Fi access points is spreading Wi-Fi coverage throughout enterprise, retail/commercial,
residential and public environments.
drawbacks – The unlicensed frequencies used by Wi-Fi offload raise security and reliability raise concerns that do not
factor into competing small cell (or DAS) solutions. Seamless mobile service remains another issue, especially in transparency
of voice and data session handoffs as users move between the cellular and Wi-Fi networks as well as between Wi-Fi access
points. Vendors’ Wi-Fi offload solutions have also been lacking, according to Ovum. In an operator survey, the analyst firm
found that many are still looking for features – such as session continuity and policy-based network selection – that are not
yet widely available.
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
SmAll cellS totAl coverAgeAs wireless operators roll out large LTE macro deployments, they are making more capacity available to the world consumers. This
is driving changes in coverage, with three major influences in the wireless operators’ network designs and the toolkits they use.
First, small cell solutions become more of a necessity with the LTE rollouts as the network maps grow and change. Many wireless
operators are relying on small cell solutions to fill small coverage gaps and provide ubiquitous coverage with higher-speed services.
Second, LTE macro consumers are expecting higher speed services both indoors and outdoors. Indoor coverage and speeds are
heavily influenced by environmental conditions such as concrete, glass, elevators and height. Currently, 68% of all mobile sessions
and calls originate indoors. When a wireless user begins a phone call, video or data session indoors, he or she expects that same
voice and/or data session to continue – without dropping and in the highest quality that the new mobile networks offer – while
traveling across the office, down an elevator, through the parking garage, in the car or using public transportation and eventually to
the final destination.
To achieve this level of service, small cell solutions are being placed in buildings, offices, schools, hospitals, government offices, retail
centers and transit locations. The small cell solutions ensure high speed coverage 1) in elevators, in basements and elsewhere and
2) for consumer use and public safety applications where traditional macro 4G or LTE services cannot deliver the same coverage,
speed and quality affordably. Small cell solutions provide in-building coverage that matches speeds that 4G/LTE macro users expect
outdoors, allowing for a seamless high-speed high quality solution.
Third, small cell solutions allow for a higher concentration of users in a small space both indoors and outdoors. Small cell solutions
are being placed in public venues such as downtown Main Street, sports arenas, concert halls, and college campuses where a high
amount of traffic can be expected and would otherwise exacerbate a traditional macro solution.
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
lte And Wi-Fi As current mobile usage projections continue to focus on the front half of the bell curve, wireless operators continue to focus on
capacity constraints. With the LTE standards, a platform has been put in place that may act as a release valve down the road. With
LTE, a protocol may be enabled on the user’s phone to offload mobile usage from the LTE network to Wi-Fi, with the offload based on
algorithms that consider cost, quality and performance. Mobile operators can quickly and more affordably offload their consumers’
usage.
market trends – Wireless operators are moving aggressively to establish network options for Wi-Fi offload. AT&T’s Wi-
Fi network includes more than 30,000 hotspots. When AT&T customers are in Starbucks or select urban locations such as
New York’s Times Square, they are transparently switched to Wi-Fi hotspots that AT&T operates at those sites. At Verizon,
relationships with cable providers including Cox Communications, Comcast and Time Warner Cable are expected to make
approximately 50,000 Wi-Fi hotspots available to Verizon users.
By the end of 2012, Sprint plans to introduce a feature that alerts its subscribers to the presence of Wi-Fi hotspots, foreshadowing
plans to transfer its users to reliable Wi-Fi hotspots whenever possible. Here, the Wi-Fi Alliance is working on Hotspot 2.0, a standard
for discovering and authenticating Wi-Fi hotspots owned or managed by an operator. Devices that pass the Hotspot 2.0’s Passpoint
certification will be able to automatically and securely connect to any operator hotspot in range – alleviating the need for users to
make connect to Wi-Fi hotspots manually.
As the wireless market continues to grow, the cable companies, fiber operators and next-generation IP network providers are
also looking to small cell solutions to meet their needs. Together, these wireless infrastructure providers are delivering fiber and IP
services to more places than ever before including light-poles, elevator shafts, rooftops and stadiums. They are also adopting new
technologies to connect small cell solutions to their extensive fiber network including millimeter and traditional microwave services.
They are also changing their business model to offer neutral colo small cell solutions.
In this model, the infrastructure provider already has ILEC or cable franchise status to run fiber across the city and in-buildings. In
many cases, they already have fiber or copper inside a building that requires small cell solutions and as a result, they already have a
lease mechanism in place with the landlord and may amend the lease to include small cell solutions. In this manner, the infrastructure
providers can design, build and deploy small cell solution for wireless operators, accelerating their time to market, reducing their
capital overhead and coupling the solution with their backhaul capacity.
The wireless operator, in turn, would lease a portion or be billed for usage of the small cell solution. In the case of their Wi-Fi or
outdoor solutions, the infrastructure providers may also offer those services to their own enterprise or retail customers. Through
these offerings, the infrastructure providers deliver better service to all of their customers and thereby reduce churn, share costs
and lock in future revenues.
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
SmAll cellS in the utility oPerAtorS And SmArt grid SPAceSmall cells are also influencing the utility operator and smart grid space. The utility industry is being driven to support the wireless
operators’ small cell solutions by delivering and managing power to non-traditional locations like power poles, light poles or the
corners of buildings. Utility operators also implement their own small cell solutions to track usage, route capacity and monitor their
networks.
At an applied level, small cell solutions may be implemented on a home meter. An equipped utility vehicle then only has to drive
down the street to check the usage of an electrical unit as well as gather telemetry to monitor its health. Small cell solutions are
also implemented in a meshed manner to hop from small cell to small cell, eventually delivering all of the information to a common
location.
Many states have adopted public safety standards that require buildings over 50,000 square feet to have a public safety DAS
solution. To date, the utility industry has stepped up to implement the public safety small cell solutions in many different venues.
As the business models evolve, the utility operators may start to offer more neutral colo small cell solutions aimed at the wireless
operator as they are often implementing the required public safety small cell solutions.
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
concluSionNo one questions the growth of mobile data services or the need to supplement the macro network with technologies to handle that
growth. For wireless operators, the key question is “what technology to choose?”
•Smallcellsextendbothcoverageandcapacityoftheoperator’snetwork.Afemtocellquicklyandcost-effectivelyprovides
a 10-meter range of improved wireless service to an individual customer, either at home or in a commercial building. With
picocells and microcells (and metrocells), operators can extend wireless service range by up to 200 meters and two
kilometers, respectively. More, each picocell, microcell and metrocell can serve multiple customers and return control of the
network extension to the operator.
•DASextendsnetworkcoveragewithtechnologythatisbothmatureandfuture-proof.ActiveDASandpassiveDASoptions
are available to support virtually any deployment scenario regardless of budget, coverage area, existing infrastructure and
level of experience.
•Wi-Fi offload is both affordable and ubiquitous,withWi-Fi access points enjoying commodity prices andwidespread
deployment. Customers are familiar with Wi-Fi, and vendors continue to work on creating a transparent, seamless offload
from cellular to Wi-Fi networks.
Clearly, one technology will not fit all needs. In fact, many operators will likely find more than one technology playing a role in their
overall mobile data strategies. Going forward, heterogeneous networks, or HetNets, will reflect such an approach. Combining small
cell, DAS and/or Wi-Fi solutions into a multi-faceted, high capacity network, HetNets are defined by three core components – 1) the
wireless operator’s macro network, 2) the small cell, DAS and/or Wi-Fi technologies used to extend network coverage and capacity,
and 3) network intelligence to unify the first two components into a single, coordinated network.
While the wireless industry waits for the HetNet future, operators can move forward now with several options for providing customers
with excellent coverage and capacity no matter where they are today.
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
contAct uSFor more information on DAS, Wi-Fi and other small cell technology solutions,
please contact Nexius at one of our many global locations:
Allen, tX (headquarters)
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200, Allen, TX 75013 USA
Allen, tX
825 Market Street, Suite 250, Allen, TX 75013 USA
telephone: +1 (703) 650 7777
Fax: +1 (703) 991 8476
For information requests, please email us at: [email protected]
Prospective clients, please email us at: [email protected]
Applicants and prospective candidates, please email us at: [email protected]
Web: www.nexius.com
Social media:
www.facebook.com/NexiusInc
www.twitter.com/NexiusInc
www.linkedin.com/company/nexius
reston
11951 Freedom Dr, Floor 13 |
Reston, VA 20190
Seattle
800 Bellevue Way, Suite 400 |
Bellevue, WA 98004
dubai
Caterpillar Building, 2nd
Entrance, 2nd Floor, Deira |
Dubai UAE
london
81 Oxford St. London, W1D 2EU
| London, United Kingdom
Puerto rico
221 Plaza Building, Ave. Ponce
de Leon, Suite 801 | Hato Rey,
PR 00917
Brazil
Regus Financial District –
Avenida Paulista 1079, 7º and
8º floors | Sao Paulo,
CEP 01311-200, Brazil
mexico
Alvaro Obregon No. 250-4,
Col Roma Norte – Delegacion
Cuauhtemoc
Mexico, D.F. C.P. 06700
Argentina
Av Núñez 3868, 2nd Floor |
Córdoba, Argentina
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
reSourceSThe following websites and publications were used as reference materials and quoted in this report:
Femtocells
•“Whysmallcellsmakeabigdifference”http://www.smallcellforum.org/Files/File/SCF_InfoGraphic.pdf
•“Reader Forum: Selecting the right wireless technology for small cell backhaul” http://www.rcrwireless.com/
article/20120604/opinion/reader-forum-selecting-the-right-wireless-technology-for-small-cell-backhaul/ )
•“Femtocell”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell
•“Whatisasmallcell?”,http://www.smallcellforum.org/aboutsmallcells-small-cells-what-is-a-small-cell
•“Femtocellawarenessstillanissue:operatorsneedanewapproach”http://www.wilson-street.com/2011/08/femtocell-
awareness-still-an-issue-operators-need-a-new-approach/
•“IsitaPicocelloraFemtocell?”http://www.ubeeairwalk.com/2011/08/is-it-a-picocell-or-a-femtocell/
•“Femto Forum Femtocell Business Case Whitepaper” http://www.4gamericas.org/documents/Femto%20Forum%20
Business%20Case%20Whitepaper%20Signals%20Research%20Apr09.pdf
•“Femtocell technology tutorial” http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/femtocells/femto-cells-tutorial-
basics.php
•“Smallcellchoices:WillLTEpicocellsandWi-Fistealfemtocellsmomentum?”http://www.fiercebroadbandwireless.com/
story/small-cell-choices-will-lte-picocells-and-wi-fi-steal-femtocells-momentum/2011-07-29
•“Femtocells Market Set To See Multi-Fold Growth By 2016” http://www.istockanalyst.com/finance/story/5651146/
femtocells-market-set-to-see-multi-fold-growth-by-2016
•“Sprint boosts femtocell count to 950,000” http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/sprint-boosts-femtocell-
count-950000/2012-07-26
•“Smallcellstomakeupalmost90%ofallbasestationsby2016”http://www.smallcellforum.org/newsstory-small-cells-to-
make-up-almost-90-percent-of-all-base-stations-by-2016
Picocells
•“Picocell”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picocell
•“What’s the difference between picocells and femtocells?” http://www.thinksmallcell.com/FAQs/whats-the-difference-
between-picocells-and-femtocells.html
•“PicocellImprovesCapacityandCoverageforMobileCommunication”http://www.universal-projects.co.za/2012/04/23/
picocell-improves-capacity-and-coverage-for-mobile-communication/
•“Thecaseforpicocells”http://www.ipaccess.com/en/picocell-business-case
•“Smallcellchoices:WillLTEpicocellsandWi-Fistealfemtocellsmomentum?”http://www.fiercebroadbandwireless.com/
story/small-cell-choices-will-lte-picocells-and-wi-fi-steal-femtocells-momentum/2011-07-29
Sprint counts 600,000 femtocells, plans to update Airave” http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/sprint-counts-600000-
femtocells-plans-update-airave/2012-05-09
•“Outdoorpicocellmarketexpectedtoreach$8Binrevenuesby2016,”http://www.fiercebroadbandwireless.com/story/
outdoor-picocell-market-expected-reach-8b-revenues-2016/2011-08-14
•“Metropicocellmarketworth$6.9bnby2015–In-Stat”http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=472029
1301 Central Expressway South, Suite 200 Allen, TX 75013 +1.703.650.7777 www.nexius.com
microcells & metrocells
•“Microcell”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcell
•“Femtocells, Picocells, Microcells - What do they all mean?” http://www.wimax.com/features/femtocells-picocells-
microcells-what-do-they-all-mean
•“TrafficManagementStrategies forOperators” http://www.slideshare.net/allabout4g/traffic-management-strategies-for-
operators
•“HetNetstep1:MoreLTEmicrocells thanbasestationsby2014”http://gigaom.com/broadband/hetnet-step-1-more-lte-
microcells-than-base-stations-by-2014/
dAS & odAS
•“Report:IndoorDAS2011”http://www.nexius.com/company/resources
•“DistributedAntennaSystem”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Antenna_System
•“DistributedAntennaSystemsFor IndoorCellularNetwork” http://ezinearticles.com/?Distributed-Antenna-Systems-For-
Indoor-Cellular-Network&id=2636531
•“Achievinguninterruptedwirelesscommunicationsthroughoutyourfacilities”http://www.pinnacle-wireless.com/das.php
•“FiveReasonsWhyDASisCrucialtoSmallCellDeployments”http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120430005055/
en/Reasons-DAS-Crucial-Small-Cell-Deployments
•“Choosing Small Cells,WiFi, DAS or a Combination?” http://convergence.sprint.com/blog/post/2012/01/30/Choosing-
Small-Cells-WiFi-DAS-or-a-Combination.aspx
•“ActiveDASEquipmentMarketforIn-buildingWirelesstoCross$1Billionby2013”http://www.abiresearch.com/press/
active-das-equipment-market-for-in-building-wirele
Wi-Fi offloading
•“Wi-Fioffloadformobilenetworks:20%oftrafficandcounting”http://www.fiercebroadbandwireless.com/special-reports/
wi-fi-offload-mobile-networks-20-traffic-and-counting
•“CiscoServiceProviderWi-Fi:OffloadMobileData andCreateNewServices” http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/
collateral/ns341/ns524/ns673/solution_overview_c22-642482.html
•“U.S.WiFi Offload Traffic Forecast, 2011 - 2016: Relief for Mobile Data Networks?” https://igr-inc.com/Advisory_And_
Subscription_Services/Small_Cell_Architectures/wifi_offload_traffic.asp
•“Wi-Fioffload,notFemtocells”http://blogs.broughturner.com/2010/02/wifi-offload-not-femtocells.html
•“IncreasingIn-BuildingCapacitywithWiFiOffload”http://www.nexius.com/wi-fi/increasing-in-building-capacity-with-wifi-
offload
•“Operatorslookingtowifioffloadbutvendors’solutionsstilllacking”http://www.telecoms.com/47369/operators-looking-
to-wifi-offload-but-vendors-solutions-still-lacking/
•“Wireless carriers seek to ‘offload’ customers” http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/story/2012-05-22/cellphone-
wireless-wifi-hotspots/55142404/1
•“Wi-Fi offload rising amid soaring data traffic” http://www.cedmagazine.com/news/2012/07/wi-fi-offload-rising-amid-
soaring-data-traffic
•“Interview:EricssonCEOontheriseoftheHetNet”http://gigaom.com/broadband/what-is-hetnet-ericsson-vestberg