The Newborn Infant

7/27/2019 The Newborn Infant

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True Labor False Labor

Regular

Increasing frequency, duration and

intensity

Shortening Interval

Irregular

No change in frequency, duration

and intensity (Braxton Hicks

Contraction)

Radiates from the back around the

abdomen

Pain at abdomen

Contraction does not decrease with

rest or activity/walking

Contraction may lessen with activity

or rest

Progressive effacement and

dilatation of cervix

Cervical changes do not occur yet

Contraction

Discomforts

Rest/a

ctivity

Cervix


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escent of fetus into pelvic inlet LIGHTENINGengagement of presenting fetal part at station orbelow

in Primi 2 weeks priorin Multi at onset of labor

pening cervical OS - DILATATION


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oftening of the cervix

ontraction of uterus that are progressive and regular

upture of membrane ( ROM )ffacement progressive thinning and shortening of cervix

pprehension

ucus plug expulsion BLOODY SHOW


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STAGE 1 : Cervical StagePHASE DILATATI

ON

DURATION/INT

ERVAL

INTENSITY

Latent 0-3 cm 20 40 sec, 5-

30 min

Mild to

moderate

Active 4-7cm 40 60 sec, 3-

5 min

Moderate to

strong

Transition 8-10cm 60 90 sec, 2-

3 min

Strong


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A. Natural Spontaneous Delivery (NSD)


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Forceps


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C. Caesarean Delivery (CS)


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resentation


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resentation


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osition

tation


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Plateau Stage


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2. Factors that affects the

mortality


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b. Racial differences

non-white have highermortality than whites


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c. Economic level poorest

families have the highestmortality rate

d. Birth weight and gestationperiod the lesser the birth

weight, the shorter gestation

period the higher mortality


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e. Birth order increasing birth

order has higher mortality


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A.Size


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A.Size

Physical Growth

Height Weight

increases by:12 months 50 %4years old 2x

6 months 2x12 months - 3x30 months - 4x


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b. Economic status infants from poorer districts are slightlysmaller than from better districts

And Negro infants aresmaller than white infants


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c. Ordinal position - first born infant are

on the average, smaller than later born

d. Fetal activity when excessive,this may cause the infant to be

considerably underweight for his

body length


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B. Physical Proportions

a. Infants head is one-fourth of theentire body length.

b. In the infant, the ratio between the

cranium and the face is 8:1

c. The infants face is broad and short

because of lack of teeth, theunderdeveloped condition of the

jaws, and the flatness of the nose.


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d. The arms, legs and trunk are

smaller in relation to the head.

e. The abdominal region of the

trunk is larger and bulging,

while the shoulders are narrow.


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C. Infantile Features

a. The eyes are bluish gray butchange gradually to whatever the

permanent color will be.


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b. Tear glands are inactive so

crying is not accompanied by

tears.

c. The neck is short and the skinhas deep folds.

d. Muscles and bones are soft,

small and uncontrolled.


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e. Flesh in firm and elastic, while

the skin is soft and deep pink in

color.

f. Sometimes a soft growth ofhair is found on the body,

mostly on the back, but it soon

disappears.


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g. Once in every 2,000 births, the

infant is born with one or two

teeth.

Fi di 42 k P t


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Findings 42 wks Post

term

Sole Creases 1/3 creases 2/3 creases 3/3 creases

Breast nodule diameter < 3 mm 3 5 mm > 5 mm

Scalp hair Fine and fuzzy course and silky course and silky

Ear lobe No cartilage Slight cartilage Thick cartilage

Testes and scrotum Testes in upper canal : few

ruggae

Testes down : poor ruggae Pendulous : extensive

ruggae

Labia majora and minora L. Majora is in line with L.

minora

L. Majora more prominent l. Majora over the L.

minora


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The Newborn Infant