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The New Steel Erection Rule
Developed by
Steel Erection Negotiated Rulemaking Advisory Committee
(SENRAC) in 2001
Occupational Safety and Health Administration29 CFR Part 1926
2
Why The New Rules
Common hazards among ironworkers were determined by OSHA after studies of 673 fatalities.
OSHA determined that deaths were largely preventable by engineering & regulatory changes
Steel Erection Final Rule
Published January 18, 2001
Implemented January 18, 2002
Includes exceptions for some provisions
Scope
Covers all employers engaged in steel erection activities
Contains two lists of activities
Primary list (1926.750)(b)1, e.g., rigging, erecting, bolting, bracing, guying, welding, decking…..All are covered.
Ancillary list (1926.750)(b)2, e.g., sealing, caulking, installing insulation, rebar… Covered only “when they occur during Primary List activities”,
Scope (cont’d)
Does not apply to
Electrical transmission towers
Communication and broadcast towers
Tanks
Steel Erection Decision Tree
Is the activity at the jobsite listed in 1926.750(b)(1)?
Yes No
IS the activity listed in .750(b)(2)?
Then this activity IScovered by Subpart R
Yes No
Then you must determine if this is going on in conjunction with (during and a part of) steel
erection activities in (b)(1). A question to ask: Does this (b)(2) activity have to be done for steel erection to continue: If yes, and if doneduring (b)(1) activities, then it is covered by
the standard.
Because it is listed in neither(b)(1) nor (b)(2), it is notcovered by the standard.
11
Key Provisions of the Rule703 - Site Layout, Site Specific Erection Plan
& Construction Sequence704 - Hoisting & Rigging706 - Structural Steel Assembly Details707 - Column Anchorage708 - Beams & Columns709 - Open Web Steel Joists711 - Systems Engineered Metal Buildings714 - Falling Object Protection716 - Fall Protection717 - Training
12
703 Site Layout, Site-specific Erection Plan & Construction Sequence
Controlling contractor must provide written notification that concrete has attained75% of design strength, orSufficient strength to support the loads
13
703 Site Layout, Site-specific Erection Plan & Construction Sequence
Controlling contractor must ensure that adequate access roads are provided and maintained
14
703 Site Layout, Site-specific Erection Plan & Construction Sequence
Controlling contractor
must ensure that
adequate layout area
provided and maintained
15
703 Site Layout, Site-specific Erection Plan & Construction Sequence
CONTROLLING CONTRACTOR MUST PROVIDEsuitable space storage of materials andsafe hoisting operations
16
703 Site Layout, Site-specific Erection Plan & Construction Sequence
All Hoisting Operations Must Be Preplanned To Ensure All “Working Under Loads” Requirements are Met
17
703 Site Layout, Site-specific Erection Plan & Construction Sequence
A site-specific erection plan may be developed to provide alternate means to protect employees
Appendix A contains guidelines
19
703 Site Layout, Site-specific Erection Plan & Construction Sequence
Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite
704 Hoisting & Rigging
Provides additional crane safety for steel erectionMinimizes employee exposure to overhead loads through pre-planning and work practice requirements
21
704 Hoisting & Rigging Working under loads
Routes for
suspended loads
must be
preplanned to
avoid
endangering
workers
704 Hoisting & Rigging Crane preshift visual inspection
must be visually inspected by a competent person
• rule gives inspection minimums• deficiencies must be evaluated
immediately• equipment posing a hazard must
be placed out of service• operator has authority to stop
and refuse any loads until safety is assured
704 Hoisting & Rigging When working under loads
materials must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement
hooks must have self-closing safety latches or equivalent
all loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger
704 Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure is
allowed only when:
a multiple lift rigging assembly is used
specifically within manufacturer’s specifications & limitations
maximum of 5 members hoisted per lift
only beams & similar structural members are lifted
only trained employees involved
704 Hoisting & RiggingHoisting & Rigging involves
Load Estimates
Sling Selection
Tying Processes
Lifting and Positioning
Releasing Latches and slings
28
704 Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure
Bundles of decking are NOT appropriate for multiple lift.
Even though metal decking meets the definition of structural members
704 Hoisting & Rigging Multiple lift rigging procedure
Controlled load lowering must be used whenever the load is over the connectors
704 Hoisting & Rigging Multiple Lift Rigging Procedure
Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly must be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point.
Based on manufacturer’s specifications with a 5 to 1 safety factor on all components
704 Hoisting & Rigging
A qualified rigger must inspect the rigging prior to each shift
704 Hoisting & Rigging Multiple Lift Rigging Procedure
Total load must not exceed
rated capacity as specified in the hoisting equipment load charts andrigging capacity specified in the rigging-rating charts
706 Structural Steel Assembly
Specific Work Practices Hoist deck bundles near girders and columns to reduce deflections and moments
706 Structural Steel Assembly
MinimizeFall hazardsTrip hazards Interior holes/openings Slip hazards
Shear Connectors
706 Structural Steel AssemblyWalking/working surfaces
Elimination of tripping hazards: no shear connectors or other similar devices …until after walking/working surface has been installed
706 Structural Steel AssemblyStructural stability maintained at all times
during the erection process
Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses within 8 floors of the concrete, Orno more than 4 floors (or 48’) of unfinished bolting or welding above secured floor
706 Structural Steel AssemblyPlumbing up
When deemed necessary by a competent person: Plumbing up equipment must be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure stability of the structure.
706 Structural Steel AssemblyPlumbing up
When necessary, plumbing up equipment must be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material
706 Structural Steel AssemblyPlumbing up
Plumbing up equipment must be removed only with the approval of a competent person
706 Structural Steel AssemblyMetal decking
Hoisting, landing & placing of metal decking bundles provisions to prevent “displacement” of decking during handling/storage
706 Structural Steel AssemblyMetal decking
Roof & floor holes and openings Must be installed as described:
706 Structural Steel AssemblyMetal decking
Covering roof and floor openings
706 Structural Steel AssemblyMetal decking
Temporary loads placed on derrick floors must be distributed over the underlying support to prevent local overloading
706 Structural Steel AssemblyMetal decking
During installation metal decking panels must be placed to ensure full support by structural members
706 Structural Steel AssemblyMetal decking
Derrick floors must be fully decked or planked & connections completed
706 Structural Steel AssemblyMetal Decking
where there are gaps between columns, the “falling objects hazards” must be eliminated
Decking gaps around columns
706 Structural Steel AssemblyMetal decking
During installationmetal decking must be laid tightly & immediately secured to prevent movement
707 Column Anchorage
Insufficient column anchorage is a primary cause of column failure and a large contributor to fatalities among ironworkers!
707 Column Anchorage Erection Stability
All columns must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts
•all anchor rod assemblies must meet strength criteria listed in the rule
All columns* must be
anchored by a
minimum of four anchor bolts
707 Column Anchorage Erection Stability
707 Column Anchorage Erection Stability
Columns must be set on level, finished floors pregrouted leveling plates.leveling nuts, or shim packs
All columns must be evaluated by a competent person to determine if guying or bracing is needed.
If guying or bracing is needed, it must be installed
707 Column Anchorage Erection Stability
Anchor rods/bolts must not be repaired, replaced or field modified without approval of the project structural engineer of record
707 Column Anchorage Anchor rods (bolts)
Controlling contractor must provide written notification to the steel erector if there has been any repair, replacement or modification of the anchor rods/bolts
707 Column Anchorage Anchor rods (bolts)
708 Beams & ColumnsFinal Placing of Solid Web Structural
Members
The load must not
be released
until members
are secured with at least 2
bolts per connecti
on
The load must not be released until
members are secured with at least 2 bolts
per connection
Bolts must be
708 Beams & ColumnsFinal placing of solid web structural
members
A competent person
must determine if more
than 2 bolts are needed
708 Beams & ColumnsFinal placing of solid web structural
members
708 Beams & ColumnsDiagonal bracing
Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing must be secured by at least one bolt per connection Wrench tight or equivalent
708 Beams & Columns Double connections at columns and/or
beam webs over a column
When making connections sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut must remain connected to the first member
708 Beams & ColumnsColumn Splices
Each column splice must be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300#
708 Beams & Columns Perimeter columns
Must extend a minimum of 48” above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier
708 Beams & ColumnsPerimeter columns
Must have holes or other devices for attaching perimeter cables
709 Open Web Steel Joists
“Open web steel joists must be secured before releasing the load.”
709 Open Web Steel Joists Landing and placing loads
No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached,
Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings Package Building
Before releasing hoisting
equipment:
Columns
Rigid frames
Falling Object Protection
Provisions that address hazards of falling objects in steel erection
Note: Does not apply to material being hoisted
Falling Object Protection
All materials, equipment, & tools which are not in use while aloft must be secured against accidental displacement
Falling Object Protection
The controlling contractor must bar other construction processes from below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided
74
Fall Protection
• Must be in accordance with WAC 296-155,– Part C-1 & – Part K