Upload
talmai
View
37
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The New Nation Faces Challenges. Essential Questions. What actions did Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson take as presidents? What were the effects of the religious and reform movements that emerged in the eighteenth century? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The New Nation Faces Challenges
Essential Questions1)What actions did Washington,
Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson take as presidents?
2)What were the effects of the religious and reform movements that emerged in the eighteenth century?
3)What is Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. expand to the Pacific coast?
1) What actions did Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson take as President?
Washington’s PresidencySet up Cabinet
Dept of State: Thomas JeffersonDept of Treasury: Alexander HamiltonDept of War: Henry Knox
Set up Supreme Court w/ Judiciary Act of 1789Hamilton’s Financial Plan = compromise
Fed gov’t take on all debtsRaise revenue by taxing importsCreate national bank
Conflict Over National BankThomas Jefferson: Strict ConstructionistAlexander Hamilton: Loose ConstructionistHamilton convinces Washington to sign bill for
New National Bank
Jefferson’s PresidencyMarbury v. Madison 1803
Adams appointed many Federalists to judgeships: “Midnight Judges”
Thomas Jefferson and Madison refused to deliver commissions
Supreme court ruled they did not have power to make Madison deliver Commission (one branch cannot force action on another)
Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave court this power was declared unconstitutional
Established Judicial review: courts can declare laws unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase• Purchased from
France• Jefferson felt
uncomfortable: constitutional?
• Decided it was acceptable• Presidents can
negotiate treaties• Doubled the size of
U.S.
War of 1812Causes: impressment, helping Nat-AmsEffects: Foreign respect for U.S., national pride,
less Nat-Am resistance
Monroe’s Presidency“Era of good feelings”Domestic Policy:
1. McCulloch v. Maryland Agreed w/ idea of National Bank National gov’t interests above state
interests
2. Gibbons v. Ogden National gov’t has right to regulate
trade between states
Foreign Policy: Adams-Onis Treaty
(1819)Acquired FloridaEstablish
boundary w/SpainMonroe Doctrine
Americas off limits to European colonization
Missouri CompromiseMissouri petitioned to join union1819: 11 states free, 11 slave statesCompromise: Maine=free AND Missouri=slaveSlavery banned above compromise line
Age of JacksonIndian Removal ActRelocation of five native tribes
to area west of Mississippi (Indian Territory)
Known as Trail of TearsNational Bank2nd Bank charter runs outUnconstitutional state banks
Conflict over States Rights1832 Congress passes
Tariff on imported goodsNullification crisis
South declared law “null and void”
Threatened to secedeCompromise: Tariffs
would be reduced for 10 years
Talk to your neighbor: What are some of the most important events that took place during the Presidencies of Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson?
2) What were the effects of the religious and reform movements that emerged in the nineteenth century?
The Second Great Awakening1st Great Awakening1730s, emphasis on repenting
sins, church membership grew2nd Great AwakeningAmericans join churches and
attend revival meetings in record #s in 1820s and 1830s
Emphasis: Live well, work hard, do God’s work on earth
Reform EraTemperance Movement – alcohol awarenessEducation Reforms – increased access to
educationPrison Reforms – separate mentally ill
Urban Reform Many immigrants from
Germany and Ireland in mid 1800s
Worked in factories, lived in crowded apt buildings
Local boards of health were est.
Workers began to organize to demand better working conditions
Ten hour movement
Women’s RightsSeneca Falls Convention 1848First women’s rights
meetingOrganized by Lucretia
Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Declaration of Sentiments“All men and women are
created equal”
AbolitionAntislavery Efforts in the SouthBy 1850 250,000 freemen
Helped others escapeSpoke out against slavery
Slave Uprisings - Nat TurnerUnderground Railroad
Abolition Movement in NorthSlavery seen as morally wrongAmerican Anti-Slavery SocietyAbolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison, Grimke
sisters, Frederick Douglass
Garrison Grimke Sisters Douglass
Kerry Washington Performs Sojourner Truth’s“Ain’t I A Woman” speech
Talk to your neighbor:What were some causes and effects of the reform movements in the 1800s?
3) What is Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. expand to the Pacific coast?
Manifest DestinyDefinition: Belief that it was America’s God
given right to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
• 80,000 move to CA in 1849• 1850 31st State
The California Gold Rush – 1848
• Set US - British Canada border at 49th parallelThe Oregon Treaty
• Americans settle Texas• Belonged to Spain, then Mexico• In exchange for land must surrender American
citizenship, swear allegiance to Mexico, adopt Roman Catholic religion
• Texans declare independence from Mexico on Mar 2 1836
Texas Independence
The Alamo- Fort in San Antonio- Mexicans kill nearly all defenders- Texans win Battle of San Jacinto and
gain independence
• Texans vote to join Union• Opinion of Americans mixed • Texas joins Union in 1845 as a
slave state • Mexico breaks diplomatic
relations with U.S.• U.S. offers to pay for New
Mexico and CA• Mexico refuses, boundary
dispute and war begins
War With Mexico
• Californians easily defeat Mexican forces• Declare CA to be independent Republic of
California• U.S. forces arrive and gain control of CA• U.S. forces overwhelm Mexican forces in U.S.
and Mexico
Bear Flag Revolt
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 18481. Mexico gives up TX2. Mexican Cession: U.S. gets land in
present day CA, NV, UT, WY, CO, AZ, NM 3. US pays Mexico $15M
4. Gadsden Purchase
Area in red: Mexican CessionArea in orange: Gadsden Purchase