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THE NEW FRONTIER: Libraries seek new Technology Platforms for and End-user Discovery, Collection Management, and Preservation
Marshall BreedingDirector for Innovative Technology and ResearchVanderbilt University LibraryFounder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding
11 September 2011 IGeLU
Abstract
Marshall Breeding will provide his view of the changing landscape of library technologies. Academic, research, and public libraries experience great changes in the nature of their collections and in the expectation of their clientele. Increased involvement in electronic content and decreased emphasis on print collections press demand for tools that break away from traditional library management models and address a broader view of library collections. Libraries likewise face new imperatives to deliver end user interfaces consistent with that experienced elsewhere on the Web and that provide access to the entire span of library collections including print, local digital collections, and subscribed collections of articles, databases and e-books. Many libraries find themselves involved with content areas outside of traditional collections, including needs to manage or archive scientific data sets, and to deliver new types of services in support of research, teaching, or other strategic activities of their parent organizations. Traditional automation tools increasingly fail to meet expectations in this context. Breeding will discuss some of the issues and challenges involved for as new technologies emerge to address the changed realities of libraries today.
Library Technology Guides
www.librarytechnolog
y.org
International Perceptions Surveyhttp://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2010.pl
Mergers and Acquisitionshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/automationhistory.pl
Library Journal Automation Marketplace
Published annually in April 1 issue Based on data provided by each vendor Focused primarily on North America
Context of global library automation market
System Name 2001
2002
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2008 2010
AGent VERSO 14 19 6 23 15 54 47 24 18Evergreen 6 18Voyager 50 44 35 22 34 12 4 5 2ALEPH 500 80 58 51 53 83 67 29 26 47Vubis Smart 13 34 54 56 60 56 40 46 12V-Smart 11 12Millennium 157 136 144 119 107 95 95 64 45Koha (Classic/ZOOM) 30 57 40 --
Library.Solution 79 70 73 58 41 34 35 32 30Carl.X / Carl.Solution 1 3 10 0 0 0
Polaris ILS 12 21 20 37 39 54 32 56 33Unicorn 117 207 124 134 91 71 121 108 --Horizon 126 114 168 193 147 94 15 0 --Virtua 37 60 67 35 25 27 30 39 18
ILS Sales Statistics: total
Ex Libris – Personnel Data
Year
Develop Support
Sales Admin
Other Total
2010 174 223 53 38 16 504
2009 165 206 52 32 12 467
2008 161 198 55 34 19 467
2007 129 187 53 49 418
2006 127 160 42 46 18 393
2005 57 93 39 23 49 261
Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts,
minds and tech dollars 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer
LJ Automation Marketplace
The New Frontier…
new phase of competition following a period of research and development that aimed to provide alternatives to libraries, both in back-end automation and end user discovery. A variety of new solutions have emerged, often representing quite different conceptual models. In a continued trend, librarians seek solutions that immediately improve the experiences of their users, especially via discovery products.
Key Context: Academic Libraries in Transition
Shift from Print > Electronic E-journal transition largely complete E-books now in play (consultation > reading)
Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases
Academic libraries seeing long-term declines in print circulation
Need better tools for managing electronic resources Need better tools for access to complex multi-format
collections Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability
Key Context: Technologies in transition
XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture
Beyond Web 2.0 Integration of social computing into core infrastructure
Local computing shifting to cloud platforms Application Service Provider offerings standard New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-
service Full spectrum of devices
full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of
device and interface cycles
Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata management
Moving away from individual record-by-record creation Life cycle of metadata
Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed
Manage metadata in bulk when possible E-book collections
Highly shared metadata E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.
Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data Very little progress in linked data for operational systems AACR2 > RDA MARC > RDF?
Status Quo Sustainable?
ILS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and campus Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with
ILS) OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to
full-text electronic articles Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm,
DigiTool, etc.) Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library
collections No effective integration services / interoperability among
disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes
Phase of realignment
Strong need to realign library automation with current library realities
Legacy library systems reinforce workflows no longer in step with library priorities.
Need systems that allow libraries to allocate personnel in proper proportion to collection
Separate automation platforms for print and electronic have not proven successful
Academic Library Issues
Greater concern with electronic resources
Management: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflows
Access: discovery interfaces that maximize the value of investments in electronic content
Public Library Issues
Enhance the experience of library patrons
Management and access to physical resources
Self-service through the Web portal: View current loans, perform holds,
renewals, pay fines and fees Self-service in the physical library
RFID-based self-issue and returns Helps the library deploy service personnel
for highest impact
National Library Issues
Larger-scale collections Cultural Heritage responsibilities National services: bibliographic, resource
sharing, automation, etc. National infrastructure: technology
platforms shared at the widest level
Digital preservation
Libraries involved in creating digital libraries need processes and infrastructure for long-term preservation
Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) defines practices and protocols that need to be embodied in a digital preservation environment
Trusted Digital Repositories: meet standards for preservation appropriate for unique and valuable collections
Digital preservation currently implemented in national, large research, and other well-resourced libraries and archives.
Some institutional projects, some cooperative Common to have disaster recovery; rare to implement true
digital preservation
A Cloudy Forecast for LibrariesSystems Librarian Column, Sept 2011
“Service-oriented architectures and browser-based interfaces deployed through cloud-based infrastructure stand today as the key technologies preferred for new software development efforts”
http://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/sep11/Breeding.shtml
Cloud Computing
Major trend in Information Technology Few organizations have core competence in
large-scale computer infrastructure management Essentially outsourcing of server housing and
management Usually based on a consumption-based business
model Most new automation products delivered through
some flavor of cloud computing Many flavors to suit business needs: public,
private, hybrid
Library Automation in the Cloud Almost all library automation vendors
offer some form of cloud-based services Server management moves from library
to Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription
payment Offsets local server purchase and
maintenance Offsets some local technology support
Application Service Provider
Vendor hosting of traditional ILS Technically Application Service Provider
though marketed as SaaS Continued reliance on Graphical Clients
deployed on each staff workstation that need to be updated and synched
Vendor maintains individual instances for each library / site
Software as a Service
Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple
sites Software functionality delivered entirely
through Web interfaces No workstation clients
Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments
Data as a service
SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models
WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries
Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central
Global Knowledgebase of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of SFX
General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows
Infrastructure as a Service
Access to hardware provisioned from remote providers
Examples: Amazon Elastic Compute (EC2) Cloud and Simple Storage Service (S3)
Many library automation vendors use IaaS to deploy their offerings
Rethinking library automation
Fundamental assumption: Print + Electronic + Digital
Traditional print-dominant ILS model not adequate for current and future library realities
Libraries currently involved with a core ILS surrounded by additional modules to handle electronic content
New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS
Cloud technologies offer potential for new levels of efficiency and cooperation
“It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007
Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II
Traditional Open Source ILS Evergreen, Koha
New generation unified resource management Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE, OCLC Web-scale Management
Services Cloud-based automation systems
Ex Libris Alma OCLC Web-scale: Management Service Serials Solutions: Web-Scale Management Solution
Competing Models of Library Automation
Comprehensive Resource Management
No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials
-- ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model
++ Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows
Open Systems
Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies
Libraries need to do more with their data Ability to improve customer experience and
operational efficiencies Demand for Interoperability Open source – full access to internal
program of the application Open API’s – expose programmatic
interfaces to data and functionality
Legacy LMS Model
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
BusinessLogic
DataStores
`
Legacy ILS Model / API
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
BusinessLogic
DataStores
Application Programming Interfaces
Legacy ILS Model + protocol
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH
Self-Check
Self-Check
Interlibrary
LoanSystem
Interlibrary
LoanSystem
Legacy ILS Model / External API
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services
Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH
ExternalSystems
& Services
ExternalSystems
& Services
Flexible Interoperability
Con
solid
ate
d in
dex
Search Engine
Discovery ServiceSearch:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO…
JSTOR
Other Resour
ces
New Library Management Model
`
API Layer
Library Management
System
LearningManageme
nt
LearningManageme
nt
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
StockManageme
nt
StockManageme
nt
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Authentication
Service
Authentication
Service
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Library Services Platform
Possible new term for the successor to the ILS
ILS now viewed as print-centric Next Generation systems must serve as
platforms to connect external systems as well as to deliver internal functionality
Delivered Functionality + library created extensions + interoperability
From local discovery to Web-scale discovery
New models of Library Collection Discovery
Next-Gen Library Catalogs
Marshall BreedingNeal-Schuman PublishersMarch 2010
Volume 1 of The Tech Set
Online Catalog
Search:
Search Results
ILS Data
Disjointed approach to information and service delivery
Silos Prevail Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal
collections OpenURL linking services E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link
resolver) Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides) Local digital collections
ETDs, photos, rich media collections Metasearch engines
All searched separately
Federated Search
Search: Digital
Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
…MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Search Results
Real-time query and responses
ILS Data
Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface
Single search box Query tools
Did you mean Type-ahead
Relevance ranked results Faceted navigation Enhanced visual displays
Cover art Summaries, reviews,
Recommendation services
Discovery Interface search model
Search: Digital
Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
…MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Search Results
Real-time query and responses
ILS Data
Local Index
Meta
Search
En
gin
e
Discovery Products
http://www.librarytechnology.org/
discovery.pl
Differentiation in Discovery
Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries
Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection
Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects
Discovery from Local to Web-scale Initial products focused on technology
AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind, LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena Mostly locally-installed software
Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery Primo Central (Ex Libris) Summon (Serials Solutions) WorldCat Local (OCLC) EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) Encore with Article Integration
Citations / Metadata > Full Text Citations or structured metadata provide
key data to power search & retrieval and faceted navigation
Indexing Full-text of content amplifies access
Important to understand depth indexing Currency, dates covered, full-text or citation Many other factors
Web-scale Index-based Discovery
Search: Digital
Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
…MLA
Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Search Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Con
solid
ate
d In
dex
ILS Data
Challenge for Relevancy
Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR
Difficult to order records in ways that make sense
Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query
Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings
Open Discovery Initiative
Project underway to address issues related to information providers, discovery service providers, and libraries
Protocols for transfer of content Transparency of what is transferred and indexed Rights or restrictions on how discovery services use
content Initial meeting at ALA Annual Proposal under consideration by NISO
“Proposed New Work Item: Standards and Best Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search”
Decoupled from ILS
Decoupled Discovery?
Decoupled interfaces emerged from broken online catalogs Poor interfaces, inadequate scope
Inefficient integration between automation and discovery platforms
New wave of more tightly integrated suites: Ex Libris Alma > Primo OCLC Web-scale Management Services > WorldCat Local Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution >
Summon Still possible to decouple, but more effort, worse
results
Delivering library services to mobile devices
Increased expectationfor access to services through mobile
Library services: Mobile web Apps
Carefully selectfunctionality appropriatefor mobile
Tablet computing
Tablet computers have been around for a while, but the introduction of Apple’s iPad increases popularity
High-qualitydevice for content consumption
Access to library services and content
http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2010/0524/A-rundown-of-the-best-iPad-astronomy-apps
Questions and discussion
Thanks!
