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The Neural Basis of Economic
Decision-making in the
Ultimatum Game
Jonathan D. Cohen lab, Princeton University
Deborah BirdNovember 14, 2008
Questions: What are the neural correlates of fairness?
What are the relative contributions of cognitive and emotional processes to economic decision-making?
Hypothesis: Decisions to either accept or reject unfair offers
will engage neural structures involved in both emotional and cognitive processing
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Possible offers:
5:57:38:29:1
Proposer Responder
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Possible offers:
5:5…x57:3…x28:2…x19:1…x2
Proposer Responder
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Right Anterior Insula
Left Anterior Insula
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9:1
8:2
5:5
Negative emotional states linked to anterior insula activation in neuroimaging studies:
Pain and distress: M J Iadarola, 1998
Hunger and thirst: D. Denton, 1999
Autonomic arousal: H D Critchley, 2000
Evaluation of negative emotional states,
ie. anger and disgust
M. J. Iadarola et al. 1998
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Pain: Insula after injection of capsaicin
Anterior Insula activation in neuroimaging studies:
Pain and distress: M J Iadarola, 1998
Hunger and thirst: D. Denton, 1999
Autonomic arousal: H D Critchley, 2000
Evaluation of negative emotional states,
ie. anger and disgust
Disgust
Disgust
Dis gust
Disgust
Dis gust
Distaste
Anterior Insula and Taste/Distaste:
P Rozin, 1993
DM Small, 2000
Penfield and Faulk, 2000
Anterior Insula and Disgust Recognition
AJ Calder, 2001
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Disgust!
Andrew J. Calder; Nature Reviews Neuroscience; 2001
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Disgust recognition. Activation of insula (in purple) during recognition of facial expressions showing disgust.
Andrew J. Calder; 2001
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Conclusion:
Emotional states are an important factor informing human decision-making.
Competition and interplay between the anterior insula and the DLPFC represent the twin demands of the Ultimatum Game:
The emotional resistance to unfairnessThe cognitive task of accumulating money
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