The Nervous System. Functions of the Nervous System the center of all thought, learning and memory

The Nervous The Nervous SystemSystem

Functions of the Nervous SystemFunctions of the Nervous System

the center of all thought, the center of all thought, learninglearning and and memorymemory


the center of all the center of all

thought, learning and thought, learning and

memorymemory

regulates and regulates and

maintains maintains

homeostasishomeostasis (a state of (a state of balancebalance)) examples: examples: body temperature, heart rate, body temperature, heart rate,

respiration, digestionrespiration, digestion


the center of all the center of all thought, learning and thought, learning and memorymemoryregulates and regulates and maintains homeostasis maintains homeostasis (a state of balance)(a state of balance)

examples: body examples: body temperature, heart rate, respiration, digestiontemperature, heart rate, respiration, digestion

keeps us in touch with our keeps us in touch with our internalinternal and and external external environmentenvironment

Two Divisions of the Nervous Two Divisions of the Nervous SystemSystem

Central Nervous Central Nervous

SystemSystem- - brainbrain and and

spinal cordspinal cord


Central Nervous Central Nervous System- brain and System- brain and spinal cordspinal cord

Three Main Parts of Brain:Three Main Parts of Brain: CerebrumCerebrum- -

interprets input from interprets input from

sensessenses and controls and controls

voluntaryvoluntary muscles muscles


Central Nervous Central Nervous System- brain and spinal cordSystem- brain and spinal cord

Three Main Parts of Brain:Three Main Parts of Brain: Cerebrum- interprets Cerebrum- interprets

input from senses and input from senses and

controls voluntary controls voluntary

musclesmuscles CerebellumCerebellum- coordinates - coordinates

actions of actions of musclesmuscles and and

helps keep your helps keep your balance balance


Central Nervous Central Nervous System- brain and spinal cordSystem- brain and spinal cord

Three Main Parts of Brain:Three Main Parts of Brain: Cerebrum- interprets Cerebrum- interprets

input from senses and input from senses and controls voluntary musclescontrols voluntary muscles

Cerebellum- coordinates Cerebellum- coordinates actions of muscles and actions of muscles and helps keep your balance helps keep your balance

BrainstemBrainstem- controls - controls homeostasishomeostasis and and coordinatescoordinates involuntaryinvoluntary musclesmuscles

What is this part of the brain What is this part of the brain called?called?

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1.1. CerebrumCerebrum

2.2. CerebellumCerebellum

3.3. Brain Brain stemstem

4.4. Spinal Spinal cordcord

What is the function of the brain What is the function of the brain stem?stem?

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1.1. Controls homeostasis Controls homeostasis & voluntary muscles& voluntary muscles

2.2. Controls senses & Controls senses & voluntary musclesvoluntary muscles

3.3. Controls balance & Controls balance & coordinates musclescoordinates muscles

4.4. Controls homeostasis Controls homeostasis & involuntary muscles& involuntary muscles

When you feel hungry, what function is When you feel hungry, what function is your nervous system trying to carry out?your nervous system trying to carry out?

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1.1. Maintaining Maintaining homeostasishomeostasis

2.2. Moving your bodyMoving your body

3.3. Sensing your Sensing your environmentenvironment

4.4. Keeping your Keeping your balancebalance


Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous

SystemSystem- connects the - connects the

Central Nervous System Central Nervous System

to the to the rest of the bodyrest of the body


Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System- connects - connects the Central Nervous System to the rest of the Central Nervous System to the rest of the bodythe body

Two Groups:Two Groups: SomaticSomatic nervous systemnervous system-

controls controls voluntaryvoluntary actions actions

and input from and input from sensessenses

(sound, sight, touch, etc.)(sound, sight, touch, etc.)


Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System- connects the - connects the Central Nervous System to the rest of the bodyCentral Nervous System to the rest of the bodyTwo Groups:Two Groups: Somatic nervous system- Somatic nervous system-

controls voluntary actions and controls voluntary actions and input from senses (sound, input from senses (sound, sight, touch, etc.)sight, touch, etc.)

AutonomicAutonomic nervous systemnervous system- controls controls homeostasishomeostasis by by regulating the heart, breathing, regulating the heart, breathing, and digestion and digestion without without conscious thoughtconscious thought

Which division of the nervous system is Which division of the nervous system is made up of the brain & spinal cord?made up of the brain & spinal cord?

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1.1. Autonomic Autonomic nervous systemnervous system

2.2. Somatic nervous Somatic nervous systemsystem

3.3. Central nervous Central nervous systemsystem

4.4. Peripheral Peripheral nervous systemnervous system

Which part of the Peripheral Nervous System Which part of the Peripheral Nervous System controls processes that maintain homeostasis controls processes that maintain homeostasis

without you even thinking about it?without you even thinking about it?

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1.1. Autonomic nervous Autonomic nervous systemsystem

2.2. Somatic nervous Somatic nervous systemsystem

3.3. Central nervous Central nervous systemsystem

4.4. Peripheral nervous Peripheral nervous systemsystem

Nerve cells are called Nerve cells are called neuronsneurons

ImpulseImpulse- a - a messagemessage carried by a neuron carried by a neuron

Nerve cells are called Nerve cells are called neuronsneurons

Impulse- a message carried by a neuronImpulse- a message carried by a neuron

SynapseSynapse- the small space that an impulse - the small space that an impulse jumps jumps between neuronsbetween neurons

Types of NeuronsTypes of Neurons

SensorySensory neurons: neurons: in the skin, muscles, in the skin, muscles, joints, and organs that can sense joints, and organs that can sense pressurepressure, , temperaturetemperature, , andand pain pain


Sensory neurons:Sensory neurons: in the skin, muscles, in the skin, muscles, joints, and organs that can sense joints, and organs that can sense pressure, temperature, and pain pressure, temperature, and pain

neurons in neurons in nosenose & & tonguetongue sense tastes and sense tastes and smellssmells

neurons in neurons in inner earinner ear sense soundssense sounds

rodsrods and and conescones in eye in eye sense sightsense sight


Motor Motor neurons: neurons: stimulate stimulate muscle cellsmuscle cells throughout the body throughout the body


Motor neurons: Motor neurons: stimulate muscle cells stimulate muscle cells throughout the body throughout the body

includes muscles of the includes muscles of the heartheart, , diaphragmdiaphragm, , intestines, and bladderintestines, and bladder

What is an impulse?What is an impulse?

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1.1. A nerve cellA nerve cell

2.2. A message carried A message carried by neuronsby neurons

3.3. The space between The space between two neuronstwo neurons

4.4. A reflexA reflex

What is this structure called?What is this structure called?

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1.1. AxonAxon

2.2. Synaptic Synaptic terminalterminal

3.3. NucleusNucleus

4.4. Dendrite Dendrite

What does a motor neuron What does a motor neuron stimulate?stimulate?

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1.1. Brain cellsBrain cells

2.2. Sensory organsSensory organs

3.3. Muscle cellsMuscle cells

4.4. Sensory neurons Sensory neurons


InterneuronsInterneurons:: connect connect other neuronsother neurons


Interneurons:Interneurons: connect other neurons connect other neurons allall neurons in the neurons in the centralcentral nervous system nervous system

(brain, spinal cord) are interneurons(brain, spinal cord) are interneurons

ReflexReflex

ReflexReflex- an - an involuntaryinvoluntary

response to a response to a stimulusstimulus

(change in environment) (change in environment)

that allows the body to that allows the body to

respond quickly without respond quickly without

thinking about it.thinking about it.

What is a change in the environment What is a change in the environment that your body responds to called?that your body responds to called?

Stim

ulus

Res

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Ref

lex

Sen

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1.1. StimulusStimulus

2.2. ResponseResponse

3.3. ReflexReflex

4.4. Sense Sense

Which is not true about a reflex?Which is not true about a reflex?

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1.1. It is a quick It is a quick response.response.

2.2. It is voluntary.It is voluntary.

3.3. It does not require It does not require conscious thought.conscious thought.

4.4. It is a response to It is a response to an external an external stimulus.stimulus.

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The Nervous System. Functions of the Nervous System the center of all thought, learning and memory