The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System

Dr. Walid DaoudDr. Walid Daoud

Assistant ProfessorAssistant Professor

Anatomy of Nervous SystemAnatomy of Nervous System

11 - -Central nervous systemCentral nervous system::

. .BrainBrain

. . Spinal cordSpinal cord..

22 - -Peripheral nervous systemPeripheral nervous system::

. .Cranial nerves: 12 pairsCranial nerves: 12 pairs

. . Spinal nerves: 31 pairsSpinal nerves: 31 pairs

Functions of Nervous SystemFunctions of Nervous System

The nervous and endocrine systems control The nervous and endocrine systems control and maintain homeostasisand maintain homeostasis..

11 - -Sensory nerves:Sensory nerves: receive impulse fromreceive impulse from sense organs and transmit them to CNSsense organs and transmit them to CNS..

22 - -Motor nerves:Motor nerves: conduct impulse away fromconduct impulse away from CNS to the organ of responseCNS to the organ of response..

33 - -Mixed nerves:Mixed nerves: contain both sensory andcontain both sensory and motor fibersmotor fibers..

Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System

It controls involuntary functions and consists It controls involuntary functions and consists of 2 antagonistic systemsof 2 antagonistic systems::

11 - -Sympathetic nervous systemSympathetic nervous system:: . .Origin: Thoraco-lumbarOrigin: Thoraco-lumbar . .

. . Catabolic functionCatabolic function..22 - -Parasympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous system::

. .Origin: Cranio-sacralOrigin: Cranio-sacral.. . . Anabolic functionAnabolic function..

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

11 - -NeuronsNeurons::

. .Functional cells of the nervous systemFunctional cells of the nervous system..

. . Responsible for impulse conductionResponsible for impulse conduction..

22 - -NeurogliaNeuroglia::

. .Supporting cellsSupporting cells..

. . Do not transmit nerve impulseDo not transmit nerve impulse..

. . Capable of phagocytosisCapable of phagocytosis..

The BrainThe Brain11--CerebrumCerebrum::

Sensory, motor areas, emotions and memorySensory, motor areas, emotions and memory..

22--CerebellumCerebellum::

Coordination of movement and equilibriumCoordination of movement and equilibrium..

33--DiencephalonDiencephalon..

44--ThalamusThalamus..

55--HypothalamusHypothalamus..

66--Brain stem:Brain stem: medulla, pons and midbrainmedulla, pons and midbrain..

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

11--Ascending tractsAscending tracts::

They contain sensory nerves that transmit They contain sensory nerves that transmit impulse upward impulse upward..

22--Descending tractsDescending tracts::

They contain motor nerves that transmitThey contain motor nerves that transmit

impulse downwardimpulse downward..

3131 pairs of spinal nervespairs of spinal nerves..

MeningesMeninges

Cover and protect the brain and spinal cordCover and protect the brain and spinal cord::

11--Outermost coat (dura mater):Outermost coat (dura mater): fibrous andfibrous and

tough, beneath is the subdural spacetough, beneath is the subdural space..

22--Middle coat (arachenoid):Middle coat (arachenoid): subarachenoidsubarachenoid

space is filled with cerebrospinal fluidspace is filled with cerebrospinal fluid..

33--Innermost coat (pia mater):Innermost coat (pia mater): for nourishment for nourishment of the underlying tissue of the underlying tissue..

Disorders of The Nervous SystemDisorders of The Nervous System

. .Facial PalsyFacial Palsy..

. .Cerebrovascular Disease (CVA)Cerebrovascular Disease (CVA)..

. .EpilepsiesEpilepsies..

. .Parkinson DiseaseParkinson Disease..

. .Multiple Sclerosis (MS)Multiple Sclerosis (MS)..

WR/CF Related To The Nervous SystemWR/CF Related To The Nervous System

WR/CFWR/CFMeaningMeaningExampleExample

cerebell/ocerebell/o

cerebr/ocerebr/o

crani/ocrani/o

Eencephal/oEencephal/o

gangli/ogangli/o

gli/ogli/o

kinesi/okinesi/o

medull/omedull/o

cerebellumcerebellum

brainbrain

skullskull

brainbrain

ganglionganglion

neuroglianeuroglia

movementmovement

marrowmarrow

cerebellcerebell/ar/ar

cerebr/o/vascularcerebr/o/vascular

cranicrani/o/tomy/o/tomy

encephalencephal/it is/it is

gangligangli/oma/oma

gligli/o/cyt/oma/o/cyt/oma

kinesikinesi/o/therapy/o/therapy

medullmedull/itis/itis

WR/CF Related To The Nervous SystemWR/CF Related To The Nervous System

WR/CFWR/CFMeaningMeaningExampleExample

cerebell/ocerebell/o

cerebr/ocerebr/o

crani/ocrani/o

Encephal/oEncephal/o

gangli/ogangli/o

gli/ogli/o

kinesi/okinesi/o

medull/omedull/o

cerebellumcerebellum

brainbrain

skullskull

brainbrain

ganglionganglion

neuroglianeuroglia

movementmovement

marrowmarrow

cerebellcerebell/ar/ar

cerebr/o/vascularcerebr/o/vascular

cranicrani/o/tomy/o/tomy

encephalencephal/it is/it is

gangligangli/oma/oma

gligli/o/cyt/oma/o/cyt/oma

kinesikinesi/o/therapy/o/therapy

medullmedull/itis/itis

WR/CF Related To The Nervous SystemWR/CF Related To The Nervous System

WR/CFWR/CFMeaningMeaningExampleExample

mening/omening/o

myel/omyel/o

narc/onarc/o

neur/oneur/o

thalam/othalam/o

ton/oton/o

ventricul/oventricul/o

meningesmeninges

spinal cordspinal cord

sleepsleep

nervenerve

thalamusthalamus

tonetone

ventriclesventricles

meningmening/o/cele/o/cele

myelmyel/algia/algia

narcnarc/o/lepsy/o/lepsy

neurneur/o/tripsy/o/tripsy

thalamthalam/o/tomy/o/tomy

catacata/tonic/tonic

ventriculventricul/itis/itis

Suffixes Related To The Nervous SystemSuffixes Related To The Nervous System

SuffixSuffixMeaningMeaningExampleExample

--algesiaalgesia

--esthesiaesthesia

--graphiagraphia

--kinesiskinesis

--lepsylepsy

--paresisparesis

--phasiaphasia

--taxiataxia

--trophytrophy

painpain

sensationsensation

writewrite

movementmovement

seizureseizure

slight paralysisslight paralysis

speechspeech

muscular muscular coordinationcoordination

developmentdevelopment

an/an/algesiaalgesia

hyp/o/hyp/o/esthesiaesthesia

a/a/graphiagraphia

hyperhyper/kinesis/kinesis

epi/epi/lepsylepsy

hemi/hemi/paresisparesis

a/a/phasiaphasia

a/a/taxiataxia

dys/dys/trophytrophy

Surgical and other terms related Surgical and other terms related to the Nervous Systemto the Nervous System

Page 289-292Page 289-292

Answer Worksheets 1-6Answer Worksheets 1-6

Page 293-299Page 293-299