Instructor’s Review for Final

Exams

The Nervous System

Divisions of the Central Nervous

System?

Brain and spinal cord.

Key word, central.

Divisions of the nervous

system

Central and Peripheral

Coverings of the Brain and Spinal cord

The meninges

Dura mater

Arachnoid

Pia mater

Also called the Dural tube when referring just to the spinal cord

Cerebral spinal fluid flows in the subarachnoid space, provides buoyancy and protection to the CNS

Rectus Capitis posterior minor is said to have an attachment to the Dura mater

Cranial Nerves – 12 Pairs

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Accessory

Hypoglossal

Spinal Nerves –31 Pairs

Exit from the spinal cord

Combine, or meet in areas

we call plexuses.

The Four most important

Cervical plexus (C1-5)

Brachial plexus (C5-T1)

Lumbar plexus (L1-4)

Sacral plexus (L4/L5-S4)

SPINALNERVES

8

12

5

5

1

The Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic

Skeletal muscles

and sensory

organs

Voluntary

Autonomic

Involuntary (self-governing)

Viscera, heart and glands

Parasympathetic Vs. Sympathetic

Sympathetic

fight or flight

Parasympathetic

rest and repose

Sympathetic Response

Afferent vs. Efferent

The Brain And Its Parts

The Cerebrum -the largest portion of the

brain, the area of consciousness, intellect and

emotion, and skeletal motor movements

The Cerebellum-second largest part of brain,

controls co-ordination, balance, posture, muscle tone and complex movements

Brain Stem – Continuous with the spinal cord

midbrain (conducts impulses from the cerebrum to the pons

and sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus as

well as controls eye, head and neck movements in response to

visual and auditory stimulus),

pons varolli (relays impulses from one side of the cerebellum to

the other and helps control breathing)

medulla oblongata (conducts sensory and motor impulses

between the brain and spinal cord, and controls respiration,

cardiovascular impulses, digestive secretions, most vital

functions). The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of

the brainstem

Diencephalon –

thalamus (sends sensory info to appropriate areas of the

cerebrum)

hypothalamus (regulates ANS and endocrine system by

controlling the pituitary gland, as well as circadian rhythm)

B R A I N & S P I N A L C O R D

FINAL & MBLX REVIEW

Plain & Simple Guide to Therapeutic

Massage & Bodywork Examinations

1. It is estimated that the human brain contains ______

neurons.

a. Approximately 1 million

b. Approximately 10,000

c. Approximately 10 million

d. Approximately 100 billion

GENERAL REVIEW

22. Intelligence, reasoning, and emotion are

facilitated in the ______ area of the brain.

a. Motor

b. Sensory

c. Association

d. Somatic

GENERAL REVIEW

3. The Wernicke area of the brain ______.

a. Allows recognition of colors

b. Interprets speech

c. Causes sinuses to drain

d. Controls intentional movements

GENERAL REVIEW

4. There are ______ pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord.

a. 31

b. 32

c. 33

d. 34

GENERAL REVIEW

5. The meninges include ______.

a. Spinal and cranial meninges

b. Cervical and abdominal meninges

c. Cervical and cranial meninges

d. Spinal and thoracic meninges

GENERAL REVIEW

6. Past sensory experiences are stored in the ______.

a. Broca area

b. Arachnoid villi

c. Motor area

d. Somatosensory association area

GENERAL REVIEW

7. The part of the brain associated with long-term

memory is the ______.

a. Hypothalamus

b. Medulla oblongata

c. Hippocampus

d. Pons

GENERAL REVIEW

8. Melatonin and serotonin are produced in the

______.

a. Pituitary gland

b. Thyroid gland

c. Sebaceous gland

d. Pineal gland

GENERAL REVIEW

9. The protective layer that keeps most substances

from penetrating through to the brain from the blood is

the ______.

a. CAT

b. CIA

c. BBB

d. AAL

GENERAL REVIEW

10. The long tubules extending from the arachnoid

and pia mater that act as one-way valves for the

cerebrospinal fluid are the ______.

a. Erector pili

b. Intake channels

c. Arachnoid villi

d. Pia mater

GENERAL REVIEW

11. Respiratory functions are regulated in the ______.

a. Cerebellum

b. Solar plexus

c. Amygdala

d. Choroid plexus

GENERAL REVIEW

12. The CIA is the ______.

a. Cerebral integrative area

b. Common intelligence area

c. Cervical integrative area

d. Common integrative area

GENERAL REVIEW

13. The spinal cord extends ______.

a. From the medulla oblongata to the first lumbar

vertebra

b. From the occiput to the coccyx

c. From the medulla oblongata to the second

lumbar vertebra

d. From C-1 to the sacrum

GENERAL REVIEW

14. The ______ controls higher intelligence and

reasoning.

a. Cerebellum

b. Cerebrum

c. Brain stem

d. Midbrain

GENERAL REVIEW

15. The ______ is a small almond-shaped structure.

a. Amygdala

b. Cauda equine

c. Basal ganglia

d. Sulcus

GENERAL REVIEW