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The Nervous System. Homeostasis. What is it? Homeostasis: the process of keeping internal conditions relatively constant. The Nervous System. What does it do? Controls functions in the body responds to internal and external stimuli. The Nervous System. What does it do? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Nervous System
What does it do?
• Controls functions in the body
• responds to internal and external stimuli.
The Nervous System
What does it do?
• maintains homeostasis
Lumosity.com
The Nervous System
What is it?
Nervous system:
• Complex network
of specialized cells that transmit messages in the body
Lumosity.com
The Nervous System
Two halves• CNS = Central Nervous System• PNS = Peripheral Nervous System
–Cranial nerves (nerves off brain)–Spinal Nerves (off the spinal cord)
Parts of the Brain• Cerebrum
–Two hemispheres•Left and Right hemispheres
•Right hemisphere controls left side of body, left controls the right
• Cerebellum–means “little
brain”–controls
coordination–Let’s see how
well your cerebellum works…..
Parts of the Brain
• Brainstem– connects brain to
spinal cord
– Controls heart rate, breathing, and swallowing
– Also vomiting, hiccupping, coughing and sneezing
Parts of the Brain
Parts of the Brain• Thalamus: receives messages from the
sense organs
• Hypothalamus: control center for hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body temp.
• So, the hypothalamus maintains what?
The Nervous System
• CNS = Central Nervous System–Brain–Spinal cord
• PNS = Peripheral Nervous System–Cranial nerves (nerves off brain)–Spinal Nerves (off the spinal cord)
Spinal Cord• Main communication link
between brain and rest of body• Protected by...• 31 pairs of nerves branch off• Reflex happens within the
spinal cord
the vertebral column
The Nerve ImpulseNerve Impulse: flow of electrical charges along the neuronStarts at the dendrite, travels to cell body or soma, down the axon and then the axon terminal. Then a neurotransmitter will carry the impulse across the synapse
The next slide shows what it will look like
when you put several neurons in a row (in other words a nerve)
Three types of neurons…
1. Sensory neuron– Sends impulse from sense organs toward
brain2. Motor neuron
– Away from brain/spinal cord to muscles/organs
3. Interneuron– Connect sensory to motor neurons– Found only in the spinal cord
Cranial nerves
• Cranial nerves: nerves that branch directly off of the brain–Most of them are sensory
–Others are motor
1. Olfactory:2. Optic3. Oculomotor4. Troclear5. Trigeminal6. Abducens7. Facial8. Auditory (vestibulocochlear)9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic3. Oculomotor4. Troclear5. Trigeminal6. Abducens7. Facial8. Auditory (vestibulocochlear)9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor4. Troclear5. Trigeminal6. Abducens7. Facial8. Auditory (vestibulocochlear)9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear5. Trigeminal6. Abducens7. Facial8. Auditory (vestibulocochlear)9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear: eye movement5. Trigeminal6. Abducens7. Facial8. Auditory (vestibulocochlear)9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear5. Trigeminal: feeling in face (3 branches)6. Abducens7. Facial8. Auditory (vestibulocochlear)9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear: eye movement5. Trigeminal: feeling in face (3 branches)6. Abducens:eye movement7. Facial8. Auditory (vestibulocochlear)9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear5. Trigeminal: feeling in face (3 branches)6. Abducens7. Facial: face movements, saliva, tear ducts8. Auditory (vestibulocochlear)9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear5. Trigeminal: feeling in face (3 branches)6. Abducens7. Facial: face movements, saliva, tear ducts8. Auditory/vestibulocochlear: hearing, balance9. Glossopharyngeal10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear5. Trigeminal: feeling in face (3 branches)6. Abducens7. Facial: face movements, saliva, tear ducts8. Auditory/vestibulocochlear: hearing, balance9. Glossopharyngeal: taste back 1/3 of tongue 10.Vagus11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear5. Trigeminal: feeling in face (3 branches)6. Abducens7. Facial: face movements, saliva, tear ducts8. Auditory/vestibulocochlear: hearing, balance9. Glossopharyngeal: taste back 1/3 of tongue 10.Vagus: control organs11.Accessory12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear5. Trigeminal: feeling in face (3 branches)6. Abducens7. Facial: face movements, saliva, tear ducts8. Auditory/vestibulocochlear: hearing, balance9. Glossopharyngeal: taste back 1/3 of tongue 10.Vagus: control organs11.Accessory: muscles of neck and shoulders 12.Hypoglossal
Cranial Nerves1. Olfactory: smell2. Optic: vision (forward and peripheral)3. Oculomotor: eye movement, constricts pupil4. Troclear: eye movement5. Trigeminal: feeling in face (3 branches)6. Abducens: eye movement7. Facial: face movements, saliva, tear ducts8. Auditory/vestibulocochlear: hearing, balance9. Glossopharyngeal: taste back 1/3 of tongue 10.Vagus: control organs11.Accessory: muscles of neck and shoulders 12.Hypoglossal: tongue movements
The Nervous System
• Central Nervous System (CNS) –Brain–Spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)–Cranial nerves (nerves off brain)–Spinal Nerves (off the spinal cord)
Spinal Nerves
• Nerves that branch off the spinal cord
• ____ pair
• Travel to …
every part of the body
The Nervous System
• Central Nervous System (CNS) –Brain–Spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)–Cranial nerves (nerves off brain)–Spinal Nerves (off the spinal cord)
All made of neurons
Three types of neurons…
1. Sensory neuron– Sends impulse from sense organs toward
brain2. Motor neuron
– Away from brain/spinal cord to muscles/organs
3. Interneuron– Connect sensory to motor neurons– Found only in the spinal cord