“THE NEGRO MOVEMENT”

The Harlem Renaissance

Where & When …?

-The Harlem Renaissance took place in New York city during the 1920s and early 1930s.

-The Renaissance is known as “The Negro Movement” because it was after the Great Migration of African Americans moving north after WWI.

Why …?

-The reason for this movement was to show the pride of the “New Negro”.

-It also attempted to prove the old stereotypes against blacks wrong..

-This showed their improved intelligence in all aspects of society such as their production of literature, art, music.

Who …?

-There were many leaders during this era, for Art there was Jacob Lawrence who included the Great Migration in most of his paintings.

-Music was lead by Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong who composed mostly Jazz along with Bessie Smith who was a blue singer.

-The Literature times were lead by Langston Hughes that combined the experiences of Africans and Americans to create beautiful poetry.

Works Cited

http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhmharlem1.html

The Great Migration

REID DECKERNATHAN GOODMAN

The Military

Hellfighters, first black soldiers to see combat in WWI Hellfighters, fought alongside French in WWI

http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE52

Tuskegee, first black aviators to serve during WWII Tuskegee program began in 1941 at Tuskegee Institute in

Alabama http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE52

Buffalo Soldiers, all black army regiment, created in 1861 Regiment revived during WWI with two black army divisions

http://www.discoverseaz.com/History/BufSold.html

Harlem Renaissance

Black American moved to populated areas

Residential segregation 1948 this was struck down Confined Blacks created

cities in cities Largest was in Harlem 200,00 lived http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/

article_display.cfm?HHID=443

Post WWI Changes

Black culture creates Jazz, a new form of music Jazz centers become New Orleans and Harlem, large black

population http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/A-New-Society-Economic-Social-Change.topicArticleId-25238,articleId-25203.html

The NAACP grew in influence, worked for civil equality The UNIA was created in 1914 and strived for the same goal

http://www.vintageperiods.com/harlem.php

African American’s accepted into white culture more than before

The creation of the wealthy African American class http://www.vintageperiods.com/harlem.php

What and Where is Harlem? By:Brittany Prager and Kyley Klem

Also known as the New Negro MovementLiterary, artistic, cultural, and intellectual

movementStarted in Harlem, New York after World War

IAffected many African Americans’ livesPromotion of civil rights through literature

and artIts influence spread throughout the nation http://www.jcu.edu/harlem/index.htm

Why was Harlem built?

Originally settled by the Dutch for farmlandMany other discriminated races soon headed

NorthAs population grew, residential and commercial

expansion helped create HarlemMany tenement apartments were built and later

filled with black immigrantsHarlem became a haven for black AmericansProvided a place where they were no longer

discriminated against http://www.harlemheritage.com/history-of-harlem/

How it became the mecca for the African American artist?

The North offered a relief from the previous repressive attitudes from the South

Harlem became an outlet for African Americans to express their freedom

Instilled a sense of racial pride for the artistsPromoted African American achievements through

art and music By the artists spontaneous expressions, Harlem

beganTheir art displayed a non-discriminated lifestyle http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/african_american_4.html

Rent Parties in Harlem

GROUP 4, PERIOD 7BY NAM-DEOK KOH, BRYAN

BAMPENCHOW

WHATSocial occasionTenants hire a musician or bands to play Pass hat to raise money for their rentsParties within apartmentEveryone is welcomedJazz

WHOA’lelia Walker

Threw hundred of parties

Wayside Printer White man, helped to spread parties news with his

portable press. (size of business card)

Duke Ellington Pianist and Composer during Harlem (Jazz)

WHO

WHYCollected money “passing the hats” Helping Harlem dwellers with rising rentsPeople could avoid evictionCheap way to help friend

Cheaper than most entertainment

Find out who needs helpFor entertainment for guests

RESULTMostly played Jazz at partiesHelped its growth and development in the

Harlem RenaissanceIt was popular iconWhite could not ignore Blacks’ unique

backgroundAll cultures are importantTransformed African-American culture

WORKS CITED

http://history-is-made-at-night.blogspot.com/2007/01/rent-parties.html

http://www.newton.k12.ma.us/bigelow/classroom/moore/harlem/index.html

http://www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/Harlem-Renaissance-1920s.html

http://kottke.org/08/02/harlem-rent-parties-and-fats-waller http://www.ushistory.org/us/46e.asp

Black Economy

BY: EMILY LOUGHLIN AND GABBY BANK

Harlem ownership

African Americans owned 89% of Harlem in the renaissance

Rise in successful Black businesses and professional people

In the 1930’s blacks owned businesses laundry mats dry cleaners Banks Churches real estate commercial revenue school buildings cinemas grocery stores brownstones.

Real estate

In 1900’s a few blacks could afford to move uptown to Harlem

Whites tried to prevent this from happening but all attempts failed and real estate prices dropped

Whites fled because of the fear of integrationRealtors stood to gain from blacks entering

the neighborhood and this movement was encouraged

general

1920-1940 period of great cultural, economic and identity assertion for blacks

The roaring 20’s allowed black culture to progress

Harlem had an impact on African American ideals and culture

Blacks took over formerly “white” parts in Harlem

First time segregation affected economy

Work Cited

http://hiphoprepublican.org/contributors/brandon-brice/2009/05/06/economics-the-new-slavery-in-black-america

http://www.kurahulanda.edu/temporary-harlem-renaissance

BY: LAUREN STREUFERT AND RYAN FONSECA

Communism and the Harlem Renaissance

Communism

A revolutionary socialist movement to create a classless state

Influenced history of the 20th centuryKarl Marx created the concept of communismContainment Policy prevented spread of

communism after World War II (1946)

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural movement in the 1920s and 1930s

Also known as the “New Negro Movement”

Although in New York, others were influenced in Paris

African Americans formed own society within greater white America

Jazz musicians were very prevalent in Harlem

Communism in the Harlem Renaissance

Communist Party found a home in Harlem during the Depression

Communism helped fund cultural organizations Federal Negro Theatre Community Arts Center

“In the end Communism will triumph– I want to help bring that day” –W.E.B Du Bois

Works Cited

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communismhttp://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Renaissancehttp://www.tcnj.edu/~fisherc/black_and_red.h

tml

BY: JOHN HAWKINSGUILLE BOSLEY

The NAACP and the National Urban League

Purpose

The purpose of the NAACP is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic rights of colored people.

The purpose of the National Urban League is to provide economic empowerment, educational opportunities, and the guarantee of civil rights for the underserved in America

Impact

The NAACP has fought for the rights of many colored people, causing a large movement in the country that has changed the lives of millions.

The NUL has provided education and care to many young underserved children, giving them the opportunity to go to school and have better lives.

Major Players

Benjamin Todd Jealous is the president of the NAACP. He has spent his whole life specializing in social justice, public service, and human rights activism.

Marc H. Morial is the president of the NUL. His past careers as an entrepreneur, lawyer, senator, professor, legislator, and mayor all led up to his rightful spot as president of the NUL.

Works Cited

http://www.nul.org/

http://www.naacp.org/

Harlem Renaissance

IMPACT ON AMERICAN LITERATURE

Zora Neale Hurston

• Zora Neale Hurston took another route out of the Harlem Renaissance and embraced a Black Diaspora consciousness, that saw the logical extension and exploration of Black culture

• In the Caribbean her work connected with that of a younger generation that included such dancers and choreographers as Katherine Dunham and Pearl Primus.

• Zora became close friends with Langston hughes, another great writer. They both collaborated on a play. Zora wrote the play and Hughes created the plot.

• http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu

Langston Hughes

• The works of Langston Hughes continues to reverberate throughout our multiethnic American culture.

• He is a writer of poetry, plays, novels, and short stories.

• He is spokesperson for African American culture and one of the dominant figures during this period.

• He famously wrote about the period that "the negro was in vogue" which was later paraphrased as "when Harlem was in vogue".

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langston_Hughes

W. E. B. Du Bois

• Du Bois grew up in a tolerant community and experienced little racism as a child.

• Du Bois graduated from Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate.

• He became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University.

• Du Bois rose to national prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks.

• He published three autobiographies, each of which contains insightful essays on sociology, politics and history.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois

Growth of Music in Harlem

JAZZ AGE, PUBLIC RECEPTION, IMPACT ON MUSIC

Samuel GibbsJames Vought

http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1989/1/89.01.05.x.htmlThe Harlem community banded together to

be model for other black urban areas. Renaissance began after WWI with uprising

in things like literature, art, and music.New York established as main area of black

music.Louis Armstrong becomes famous trumpet

player.

www.prattlibrary.org

Musicians of Harlem perform all types of music, including styles that were new at the time

Incorporated themes, melodies, or rhythms from African-American spirituals

Classical music led to jazz, which became huge in NY

www.yale.edu

Appreciation for anything done by African-Americans in the US

Rent Parties, filled with artists and fans, helped the Harlem Renaissance grow

Music went from “Ragtime” and “Theatre” music to “The Swing Era”, eventually leading to the “bebop” and more dancing

Jazz went from more of an upbeat tempo to more of a “cool” style, often called blues.

Jazz and music played by African-Americans became very popular for white Americans, and almost everyone in the US was listening to it.

This style of music and dancing changed American lifestyles and continued to grow in Harlem in the 1900’s

Jazz is big influence on modern music

BY ARIS SIMSARIAN & JULIAN PETRIE

The Great Depression’s Impact on the Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem renaissance which began after WWI faded away when the great depression came about in the 1930’s

The renaissance seemed to take a new direction during the early 1930’s

The depression initially changed the direction of the renaissance but eventually led to its demise

During the 1930’s the motive of the black man to enhance their culture shifted.

Before the Great Depression, the black people were said to be suave, artistic, and occasionally primitive.

The blacks took on a more active political role in the 1930’s. They possibly wanted to help fix the problems in the

government regarding the depression and therefore took on a more politically active role.

Showed that blacks could be more than just artistic in this renaissance

A New Direction

The depression’s economic downturn led to the departure of Harlem's prominent writers

The Great Depression removed much of the ability for both the artists and their patrons to support them.

The Harlem riot of 1935 was the event that marked the end of the renaissance

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/february98/harlem5.html

http://www.ushistory.org/us/46e.asp

Hyperlinks

Harlem Race Riot of the 1930’s

Group 16: Jennifer DoneganCourtney Hitzeman

March 19th, 1935•Puerto Rican, Lino Rivera, 16, caught shop lifting

•Employee threatened to beat him

•Rivera reacted by biting his hand

•Police were called, crowds built up, rumors spread

–People believed Rivera had been beaten to death

Outbreak

•Civil rights groups organized a riot

•More people joined and more riots began

•Raiding of white owned businesses began

•Rivera and police were photographed together

•Photo showed no harm to him

•Sign of peace to the rioters

Investigation•Streets of Harlem returned to order

•Investigations of the starts of riots began

•Racial segregation caused the outbreak of the riot

Aftermath

•Three died and hundreds were wounded

•$2 million in damages

•“First modern race riot”

Works Cited

http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/harlem-riot-1935

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Riot_of_1935

http://welcometoharlem.wordpress.com/2010/12/07/The-first-american-race-riot-harlem-1935/

Post Harlem Renaissance

RELATIONS BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES

OLIVIA DECARLO & ASHLEY LABRUNA

Background on the Harlem Renaissance1920’s-1930’sAlso known as New Negro RenaissanceMainly concentrated in New York CityHappened at the same time as the Great

MigrationEmphasized the black identityStrong production in African American

products that flourishedWorked in industries

Blacks AND whites

SegregationBlacks thought of as “lesser people”Influx of African American writers and

musiciansKu Klux KlanRelationships between blacks and whites

created because of migrationCharles Van Vechtan promotes their workBlacks worked at whites only Cotton Club

Post 1930’s

Great Depression was the main factor that led to the end

New Deal had many programs to aid blacksBlacks still paid less than whitesPrograms such as WPA, NAACP, etc.Harlem RiotSocial realism replaces “modern” thinking

Bibliography

http://www.oup.com/us/pdf/americanlit/h_renaissance.pdf

http://mgagnon.myweb.uga.edu/students/3090/04SP3090-Briggs.htm

Regina AndersonHarlem Renaissance

HAILEY DAVINLINDSEY SCHIEFELBEIN

GROUP 18 PERIOD 7

Who is Regina Anderson?

Born in Chicago, May 21, 1901

Died in Ossining, New York, February 5, 1993

Married name - Regina M. Andrews, playwright Pseudonym - Ursala Trelling

Harlem Renaissance

African American playwright and librarian

Co-founded the Krigwa Players, a black theater company

Supervising librarian at the New York Public Library

One of ten African American women recognized at the 1939 World's Fair in New York

Harlem Renaissance continued

Worked with National Council of Women and National Urban League

Sponsored and promoted many artists and projects

Attended Wilberforce University, University of Chicago and Columbia University

Received a Master of Library Science degree

Religion During the Harlem Renaissance

By: Rachael Imburgia and Ashley Graves

Religion & Faith

- W.E.B. Dubois organizes first Pan African Congress about African unity and spiritual values (1919)

- African American Pentecostal roots emerge in Los Angeles; experience impacted music, writing, and art (1920)

- Marcus Garvey organizes the African Orthodox Church; branch was located in Harlem (1921)

- Charles A. Tinley /Thomas A. Dorsey composed sacred tunes that combined patterns of blues, hymns, and polyrhythms (1921)

- This style became known as traditional Gospel music

Religion & Faith

- The new play, “All God’s Chillum Got Wings”, discussed spirituality of racial understanding and religion during this time (1924)

- The Book American Negro Spirituals are edited by the Johnson Brothers (1925)

- Charles Grace begins the United House of Prayer for All People (1925)

- This cult provides excitement with a claim of human divinity; provided food, shelter, and life necessities for followers (1925)

- “God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons In Verse” reflects images of slave Christianity and biblical interpretations in African American Folk religion (1927)

Religion & Faith

- The Father Divine Peace Movement made a major impact and presence in Harlem (1931)

- His presence challenged traditional churches but was a vital aggregation during this time (1931)

- Many Harlem families faced unemployment (1935)- This forces a strong reliance upon traditional faith and spiritual

resources for human survival (1935)- Mother Horn, A Pentecostal Preacher, opens her famous church

in Harlem (1938)