The Nazis terrorized the

A.T.L.A.N.T.I.C.A.T.L.A.N.T.I.C.

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

A.A.Allied ships sunk by Allied ships sunk by U-boatsU-boats

“U-boats” are German submarines (“unterseeboot” in German

Allied merchant ships were torpedoed at a rapid pace, threatening the survival of Great Britain

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

T.T.Terrible lossesTerrible losses

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

In the course of the war, 36,000 were lost in the war on the Allied side

Allied lost 3,500 ships

By war’s end, the Allies will kill around 30,000 U-boat sailors

L.L.Liberty ShipLiberty ShipThe Liberty ship was an American built cargo ship used to replace lost merchant ships

American naval shipyards could build these ships quickly

One Liberty ship was built in record time of four days and fifteen and a half hours

2,751 Liberty ships built during World War II

They were 441 feet and carried 10,800 tons of supplies

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

A.A.American eastern American eastern seaboard hitseaboard hit

From February to May, 1942, 348 ships were sunk off the U.S. coast by German U-boats

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

N.N.Nazi “wolf-packs”Nazi “wolf-packs”

German Admiral Karl Donitz introduced the “wolf pack” strategy

One U-boat would follow a convoy and then radio a large group of U-boats to converge on and sink multiple ships

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

T.T. Tactic: “creeping Tactic: “creeping attack”attack”

British Captain F. J. “Johnnie” Walker used a new anti-submarine strategy known as “creeping attack”

While one ship located a sub with new “SONAR” technology, Walker, he crept up on it and dropped depth charges

Walker’s strategy was highly effective and he sank twenty U-boats on his own

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

I.I. Invention of SONARInvention of SONAR

SONAR was an invention of the British (although they called it ASDIC)

SONAR (also known as radar) is short for “sound navigation and ranging” and allowed the Allies to find and track Nazi submarines

SONAR was a chief weapon used to counter U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

C.C.Convoy systemConvoy system

The convoy system was a counter U-boat strategy of grouping ships together for protection

Often merchants (or troop) ships were placed in the center with naval escorts (including friendly submarines) on the outside

Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance