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THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
Lab Safety
Read your safety contract and know it well
There are also some symbols used to describe hazards in the lab:
Scientific Method
Identify a Problem Create a Hypothesis Perform an Experiment Collect and Analyze the Data Draw Conclusions
Sometimes a 6th step is included in which you share your conclusions with others
Hypothesis vs. Theory vs. Law Hypothesis – An educated guess
Scientific Theory – A hypothesis supported by many experiments
Scientific Law- facts of nature accepted as truth
Controlled Experiments
A Controlled Experment is one where only one variable is tested at a time
Why is it important to use controlled experiments?
Controlled Experiments
Control Group – the group that doesn’t receive the experimental treatment, a standard for comparison
Independent Variable – the variable in the experiment you change
Dependent Variable – the variable in the experiment that only changes because you changed the independent variable
Controlled Experiments
Example: Merck decides to test a new antibiotic to
see if it will cure patients’ sinus infections. Some testers are given pills containing the new antibiotic and others are given a placebo, or sugar pill.
Identify: Control Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Qualitative vs Quantitative Data Qualitative Data – refers to data we
observe without measuring such as color, shape, or texture
Quantitative Data – refers to data that has numbers such as height, weight, or density
Chemistry
Chemistry – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Matter – anything with mass and volume Mass – the amount of matter in an object Weight – the effect of gravity on an object
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Chemistry deals with the submicroscopic world, or things that we cannot see with the naked eye or even a microscope
Chemistry
There are 5 main branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry – carbon containing
compounds Inorganic Chemistry – the composition of
matter that is not made up of organic compounds
Biochemistry – processes of living things Analytical Chemistry – components and
composition of substances Physical Chemistry – the energy changes
related to chemical reactions
Unit 1 Test
Lab Safety Lab Equipment Lab Techniques The Scientific Method Definitions relating to the Scientific
Method What is Chemistry? Branches of Chemistry