THE NATURE OF LIES

ISSUES OF DEFINITION

THE NATURE OF DEFINITIONS & THE NATURE OF DEFINITIONS & OPERATIONAL DEFINTIONSOPERATIONAL DEFINTIONS

A DEFINITION OF LYING: A DEFINITION OF LYING: The conscious The conscious alteration of information a person believes alteration of information a person believes to be true in order to significantly change to be true in order to significantly change another’s perceptions from what the another’s perceptions from what the deceiver thought they would be without the deceiver thought they would be without the alteration.alteration.

IS ADDING & SUBTRACTING IS ADDING & SUBTRACTING INFORMATION ALWAYS A KEY INFORMATION ALWAYS A KEY DISTINGUISHING FEATURE OF DISTINGUISHING FEATURE OF LYING?LYING?

DISTINGUISHING LYING AND DISTINGUISHING LYING AND DECEPTIONDECEPTION

TYPES OF LIES

LIES OF COMMISSIONLIES OF COMMISSION LIES OF OMISSIONLIES OF OMISSION HALF TRUTHSHALF TRUTHS DIVERSIONARY RESPONSESDIVERSIONARY RESPONSES COLLABORATIVE LIESCOLLABORATIVE LIES

CONTEXTUAL FEATURES INVOLVED IN MAKING

ATTRIBUTIONS ABOUT LIES

LIAR’S PERSPECTIVELIAR’S PERSPECTIVE PERCEIVED INTENTION(S)PERCEIVED INTENTION(S) PERCEIVED PERCEIVED

CONSCIOUSNESS/AWARENESSCONSCIOUSNESS/AWARENESS PERCEIVED EXPECTATIONS OF TARGET PERCEIVED EXPECTATIONS OF TARGET

REGARDING LYING IN THIS SITUATIONREGARDING LYING IN THIS SITUATION PERCEIVED REALITY/REFERENT PERCEIVED REALITY/REFERENT

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE PERCEIVED ALTERATION OF PERCEIVED ALTERATION OF

REALITY/REFERENT KNOWLEDGE TO REALITY/REFERENT KNOWLEDGE TO ACHIEVE EFFECTSACHIEVE EFFECTS

PERCEIVED EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCESPERCEIVED EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES

TARGET’S PERSPECTIVETARGET’S PERSPECTIVE ATTRIBUTIONS OF INTENTIONS/MOTIVESATTRIBUTIONS OF INTENTIONS/MOTIVES ATTRIBUTIONS OF CONSCIOUSNESSATTRIBUTIONS OF CONSCIOUSNESS EXPECTATIONS ABOUT LYING IN THIS EXPECTATIONS ABOUT LYING IN THIS

SITUATIONSITUATION PERCEPTIONS OF OTHER’S KNOWLEDGE PERCEPTIONS OF OTHER’S KNOWLEDGE

OF THE REFERENT AND SITUATIONOF THE REFERENT AND SITUATION PERCEPTIONS OF THE OTHERPERCEPTIONS OF THE OTHER PERCEPTIONS OF CIRCUMSTANCESPERCEPTIONS OF CIRCUMSTANCES PERCEPTIONS OF PERCEPTIONS OF

EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCESEFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES