The National Policy1873-1900’s

•The National Policy•Canadian Heartland and Hinterland

•Effects of Industrialization

The National Policy• The National Policy was a means to produce

growth in the Canadian economy using protective tariffs on American imports

3 Initiatives:

1. Protective tariffs against foreign goods

2. A transcontinental railway

3. Greater immigration to the West

The National Policy - Effects

• The National policy’s most immediate result was the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway

• Creation of an industrial Heartland in Central Canada (Ontario and Quebec) that has existed for over 100 years

• Canada was no longer Europe’s Hinterland

Canadian Heartland and Hinterland

• The National policy created a Canadian Heartland, but also a Canadian Hinterland

• The Maritimes and the West became that Hinterland

Canadian Heartland and HinterlandThe Maritimes

• At the time (1878), Nova Scotia was expecting a great economic boom as the result of the National policy and its ice free harbour

• The Maritimes experienced prosperity, but it did not last

• Many companies based in the heartland cared only for profit - not the economic well being of the Maritimes

Canadian Heartland and Hinterland - EffectsThe West

• Immigration in the West did not increase as expected, but eventually picked up

• The West took advantage of both the railway and federal subsidies for the wheat industry

• Conflicts with the Aboriginal and Métis communities over Treaty rights caused great difficulty for all involved

Effects of Industrialization

Working Conditions

• Work conditions were harsh with long days

• Failure to meet demands resulted in lost wages and even corporal punishment

• Lack of health and safety standards resulted in many injuries and spread of disease

• Many workers were often exposed to harmful chemicals and dangerous working conditions

Effects of Industrialization

Standard Of Living

• The standard of living at this time would cross between second and first world

• Many poor families• High infant mortality rates (IMRs)• Poor access to healthcare for most• Lack of electricity, refrigeration and clean

water

Effects of Industrialization

Social Response

• Many of those in the middle-class took initiatives to help the poor

• This resulted in new hospitals, better health care, public sanitation, and useful legislation to promote the rights of workers

Effects of Industrialization

Response of Workers

• Workers in new industrial factories generally responded in one of two ways:

1. Development of trade unions to fight for profit sharing, benefits, and better wages through strike action.

2. More radical approach was to join together to restructure capitalism.

Case Study

1. What is the National Policy? Why was it created? (fully explain)

2. How did the National Policy create a Canadian Heartland and Hinterland effect? Explain.

3. Please read chapter 9 on Canada’s National Policy of 1878 and record vocabulary words.

4. In an organizational chart (or Inspiration) show the effects of industrialization in Canadian society (see sample).

Working conditions

Standard of Living

Middle class Response

Response of working Class

#4 sample chart