THE MUSLIM WORLD

Intro to Islam and JCI Notes

Objectives

Student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 C.E. by Describing the

origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam

Essential Questions Where did the

Islamic religion originate? Where did it spread?

What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam?

Origin of Islam

Arabian Peninsula Crossroads of three

continents Africa, Europe, Asia Major trade route

Caravan trails Connected to silk road

Surrounded by water Central and northern

land desert Nomads called Bedouins Organized into clans Would influence Islamic

culture Ideas of courage, loyalty

to a family, and warrior skills

Major cities Mecca

Important stop on trade route

Religious pilgrims worshipped at the Ka’aba

Medina

Muhammad Life

Born into a clan of a powerful Meccan family

Orphaned at six Raised by grandfather and

uncle, worked in caravans, became a merchant

At 25 married Khadijah

Revelations Often practiced prayer and

meditation At 40, heard a voice in a cave

outside of Mecca Voice of the angel Gabriel

Beliefs One true God called Allah

All others must be abandoned Convinced that he was the

last of the prophets

Movement Began to preach beliefs in 613

C.E. Persecuted for beliefs Fled to Medina

Called the Hejira (Hijrah) Became political, religious, and

military leader

Returned to Mecca with followers in 630 C.E. Retook the city, destroyed the

idols and had the call to prayer from the roof of the Ka’aba

Meccans pledged their loyalty to Muhammad and Islam

Death 632 C.E.

Beliefs and Practices

Islam The religion of the

Muslims, means “submission to the will of Allah”

Main teaching is that there is only one God, Allah

Muslim “one who has

submitted”

Holy book: Qur’an

5 Pillars Faith

One god, Allah Prayer

5 times a day, towards Mecca

May pray at a Mosque, an Islamic house of worship

Alms giving Responsibility to support

the less fortunate Religious tax

Pilgrimage The Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime

Fasting During holy month of

Ramadan

Hajj

the sacred pilgrimage to Mecca that must be performed once in each Muslims’ life. During this pilgrimage, pilgrims wear identical garments so that all stand as equals before God.

Sources of Authority

Original source of authority is Allah Expressed is will

through the Angel Gabriel Reveled to

Muhammad as the Qur’an

Revelations written in Arabic

Sunna Muhammad’s

example Best model for proper

living

Shari’a The book of laws in

which the guidance of the Qur’an and Sunna was assembled in a practical form to help aid Muslims in applying the will of Allah to their daily lives.

This system of law regulates the family life, moral conduct, and business and community life of Muslims.

It brings all aspects of life together and unites all Muslims

JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM

Beliefs

To Muslims, Allah is the same God that is worshipped in Christianity and Judaism Reveres Abraham,

Moses, and other Jewish prophets

Believes Jesus was a prophet

Muhammad was the last great prophet

Other Important Points

Believe the Torah and Bible contain partial revelations from God; however, the Qur’an is the final revelation Muslims refer to

Christians and Jews as “people of the book”

All three religions believe in heaven and hell and a day of judgment

All people are equal before God Among Muslim

religious practices was religious tolerance for Christians and Jews

Religion Judaism Christianity Islam

Belief in God

One God One God One God

Jesus Jesus is a disciple

Jesus is the son of God and Messiah

Jesus is a Prophet

Holy Book Torah Old and New Testaments (Bible)

Qur’an

Salvation Salvation through just and moral life (Ten Commandments)

Salvation by following teachings of Jesus (Ten Commandments)

Salvation by following five pillars and living a just life